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1. Klebsiella Brain Abscess and Evolution of Heterovirulence in the Urinary Tract.
作者: Christoph M Ernst.;Lilly K S Fischer.;Abigail L Manson.;Li Li.;Peijun Ma.;Melis N Anahtar.;Roby P Bhattacharyya.;Ashlee M Earl.;Anne E Clatworthy.;Deborah T Hung.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年395卷4期408-410页 2. Health Care-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals, 2023 versus 2015.
作者: Nora Chea.;Rongxia Li.;Taniece Eure.;Rebecca Alkis Ramirez.;Joelle Nadle.;Jane E Lee.;Monica Lehmann.;Lyndzie Sardenga.;Christopher A Czaja.;Helen Johnston.;Melissa Kellogg.;Catherine Emanuel.;Alana Cilwick.;Maria A Correa.;Meghan Maloney.;Susan M Ray.;Jessica Howard-Anderson.;Stacy Carswell.;Lucy E Wilson.;Rebecca Perlmutter.;Kaytlynn Marceaux-Galli.;J P Mahoehney.;Ruth Lynfield.;Marla Sievers.;Cory Cline.;Melissa Judson.;Ghinwa Dumyati.;Christine Hurley.;Elizabeth Keller.;Marissa Walsh.;Erin Licherdell.;Julia Tellerman.;Rebecca Pierce.;Valerie L S Ocampo.;Monika E Samper.;Kimberly A Hires.;Lauren T Adrian.;Roza P Tammer.;Alexia Zhang.;Shannon Hiratzka.;Angela Dusko.;Christopher Wilson.;Melphine Harriott.;Henrietta Smith.;Victoria Russo.;LaTasha Boswell.;Dominique Godfrey.;Denise Leaptrot.;Marissa McMeen.;Melissa Otis.;Jennifer Watkins.;Amber Taylor.;Rita Allen.;Nicola D Thompson.;Jonathan R Edwards.;Shelley S Magill.;Cheri T Grigg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年395卷3期255-266页
Prevalence surveys in U.S. hospitals showed that on any given day, 1 of 25 patients had a health care-associated infection in 2011, as compared with 1 of 31 patients in 2015. We repeated the survey in 2023 to assess changes in the prevalence of such infections.
3. Continuous or Fixed-Duration Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma.
作者: Shaji Kumar.;Susanna Jacobus.;Adam Cohen.;Matthias Weiss.;Natalie Callander.;Avina Singh.;Terri Parker.;Michael Green.;Raymond Thertulien.;Benjamin Parsons.;Pankaj Kumar.;Prashant Kapoor.;Aaron Rosenberg.;Elie Dib.;Daniel Almquist.;Jeffrey Zonder.;Edward Faber.;Zihan Wei.;Kenneth Anderson.;Sagar Lonial.;Paul Richardson.;Robert Orlowski.;Lynne Wagner.;S Vincent Rajkumar.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年395卷3期221-232页
Current treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma involves lenalidomide maintenance therapy given until disease progression. The appropriate duration of maintenance therapy with lenalidomide has been unclear.
4. Cefazolin for Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.
作者: .;Todd C Lee.;Lauren A Barina.;Genevieve Walls.;Anna L Goodman.;Dafna Yahav.;Matthew P Cheng.;Marc Bonten.;Asha C Bowen.;Tom Boyles.;Nick Daneman.;Miquel B Ekkelenkamp.;Nesrin Ghanem-Zoubi.;Marjolein P M Hensgens.;Nynke G L Jager.;Achim J Kaasch.;Ilse J E Kouijzer.;Roger J Lewis.;Thomas Lumley.;David C Lye.;Emily G McDonald.;Genevieve McKew.;Alistair R D McLean.;Brendan J McMullan.;Zoe K McQuilten.;Susan C Morpeth.;David L Paterson.;Jason A Roberts.;J Owen Robinson.;Hiroki Saito.;Matthew Scarborough.;Jaap Ten Oever.;Rebecca M Turner.;Jonas Tverring.;Sebastiaan J van Hal.;Steve A Webb.;Lynda M Whiteway.;Cesar A Arias.;Andrew Henderson.;George S Heriot.;Tom L Snelling.;Kevin Afra.;Shabinah S Ali.;Sharon Amit.;Nicholas A Anagnostou.;Sophia Archuleta.;Stephen J Aston.;Eugene Athan.;Nadav Baharav.;Anthony D Bai.;Bridget E Barber.;Abinayah Baskaran.;Michelle M A Berkeley.;Emma J Best.;Nilesh R Bhilave.;Max G Bloomfield.;Katherine A Bond.;Jennifer Bostock.;Carly L Botheras.;Mark A Boyd.;Sophia M E Bradshaw.;Elizabeth J Briggs.;Philip N Britton.;Anita J Campbell.;Beau Z Carr.;James A Chancellor.;Kevin Chen.;Elaine Y Cheong.;Ka Lip Chew.;Po Ying Chia.;Rispah Chomba.;Brian S W Chong.;Chris J N Clews.;Jonathan M Cohen.;Robert J Commons.;Tim Cutfield.;Peter Daley.;Diane S Daniel.;Jane Davies.;Partha De.;Justin T Denholm.;Mia Di Virgilio.;Yael Dishon-Benattar.;Ravindra Dotel.;Erick H Duan.;Nicholas Easom.;Noa Eliakim-Raz.;Michelle M England.;Mark Fahmy.;Aidan R Findlater.;Katie L Flanagan.;Ethan Z J Foo.;Hong Foo.;Daniel P Forster.;Michael Fralick.;Jaimie L Frazer.;Andrew P Gador-Whyte.;Katherine Garnham.;Greg J German.;Niladri Ghosh.;Elisabeth H Gisolf.;Stefano G Giulieri.;Susan R Goulding.;Jennifer M Grant.;Daniel Gregson.;Kate C Grimwade.;Mordechai Grupper.;Stephen D Guy.;Amanda Gwee.;Victoria G Hall.;Erica J Hardy.;David J Harris.;James Hatcher.;Mark R Hobbs.;Natasha E Holmes.;Benjamin P Howden.;Paul J Huggan.;Zoe A Jennings.;Jennie Johnstone.;Thomas Juniper.;Shirin Kalimuddin.;Musaiwale Kamfose.;Christopher Kandel.;Matthew J Kelly.;Robert A Kozak.;Michelle Kümin.;Francois Lamontagne.;Jillian S Y Lau.;Ivor Russel Lee.;Ray J Lin.;Daisy Lindsay.;Martin J Llewelyn.;Yves Longtin.;Sylvain A Lother.;Christopher E Luey.;Derek R MacFadden.;Andrew A Mahony.;Catherine Malden.;Isabelle Malhamé.;Laurens A Manning.;Michael Marks.;Leslie J Martin.;Gail V Matthews.;Patrick H McGann.;James H McMahon.;Alexandra Melon.;Vidthiya Menon.;Dominik Mertz.;Michael P Meyer.;James S Molton.;Jocelyn M Mora.;Ed Moran.;Leanne M Mortimer.;Satwik Motaganahalli.;Matthew P Muller.;Alasdair P S Munro.;Fionnuala A Murray.;Srinivas Murthy.;Vanathi Nagendra.;Henco Nel.;David W J New.;Vi Nguyen.;Grace Norton.;Katherine M Norton.;Clare B Nourse.;Clemency J S Nye.;Kevin O'Callaghan.;Matthew V N O'Sullivan.;Sean W X Ong.;Akaninyene A Otu.;Melissa Owen.;Jesse Papenburg.;Leighanne O Parkes.;Mical Paul.;Santiago Perez-Patrigeon.;Neta Petersiel.;Lina Petrella.;Sarah L Pett.;David Pham.;Chiara J Piazzese.;Sebastien Poulin.;Renata Rehak.;Elissa Rennert-May.;Alexander J Richards.;Benjamin A Rogers.;Euna Sahng.;Brenda Salada.;Oded Scheuerman.;Kellie Schneider.;Thomas R Schulz.;Kevin L Schwartz.;Peter A Simos.;Harsimran Singh.;Fleur S Sinkeler.;Simon Smith.;Benjamin J Smith.;Stephanie W Smith.;Ranjani Somayaji.;Christine Sommerville.;Rima X J Song.;David C Sowden.;Michael J Stark.;Neil R H Stone.;Tobias Strunk.;Archana Sud.;Khine P Swe.;Caitlin R Symons.;Yen Ee Tan.;Thijs Ten Doesschate.;Siew Yee Thien.;Ashmitha Thomas.;Mohamad-Ali Trad.;Adrian R Tramontana.;Jennifer L Y Tsang.;Kimberly Ulett.;Jonathan Underwood.;Berend J van Welzen.;Gloria Vazquez-Grande.;Diana C Velasquez Reyes.;Janneke D M Verberk.;Lesley M Voss.;Denise Ward.;Rachel H Webb.;Timothy J Whitmore.;Anat Wieder-Finesod.;Heather L Wilson.;Evan W Wilson.;Hei Man Wong.;Kate Wong She.;Terence Wuerz.;Deborah L Yamamura.;Alastair Yeoh.;Boris Long Hei Yow.;Michael Dymock.;Robert K Mahar.;Anna McGlothlin.;Julie A Marsh.;Joshua S Davis.;Steven Y C Tong.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷23期2329-2339页
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is associated with high mortality. Whether cefazolin or an antistaphylococcal penicillin should be preferred for the treatment of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia is unclear.
5. Kidney Transplantation in Two Highly Sensitized Candidates after CAR T-Cell Therapy.
作者: Vijay G Bhoj.;Mary Kaminski.;Huiwu Zhao.;Kyle Jackson.;Wei Wang.;Chengyang Liu.;Robert A Montgomery.;Nicole Ali.;Massimo Mangiola.;Thomas R Spitzer.;Kassem Safa.;Vikram Pattanayak.;Raeda Taj.;Joy Chiu.;Thanh-Mai Bui.;Elizabeth M Sonnenberg.;James F Markmann.;Michael C Milone.;Carl H June.;Don L Siegel.;Joseph A Fraietta.;Vanessa Gonzalez.;Michela Locci.;Matthew Palmer.;Dimitri Monos.;Wei-Ting Hwang.;Tina Sledge.;Nancy D Bridges.;Julia S Goldstein.;Jonah Odim.;Stuart C Sweet.;Behdad D Besharatian.;Sabiha M Hussain.;Nicholas K Brown.;Malek Kamoun.;Alfred L Garfall.;Ali Naji.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷21期2117-2125页
HLA sensitization poses a major challenge to kidney transplantation for patients with end-stage kidney disease, especially for highly sensitized candidates. Attempts at antibody elimination (desensitization) have had inconsistent efficacy and have often failed to produce sustained reductions in anti-HLA antibodies in patients with the highest level of sensitization (calculated panel-reactive antibody score, ≥99.9%). We now report the results for the safety run-in cohort of a multicenter phase 1 clinical study evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined CD19-targeted and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in eliminating the cellular sources of preformed anti-HLA antibodies (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT06056102). Kidney transplantation was performed in two highly sensitized candidates after desensitization with the use of dual CAR T-cell therapy.
6. Resolution of PML after Treatment with Virus-Specific T Cells and HCT.
作者: Corina E Gonzalez.;Anita Fletcher.;Tonya L Jenkins.;Sara Zahraeifard.;Rose Peterson.;Milo Taylor.;Christine Jones.;Amanda Urban.;Daniele Avila.;Mauricio Campillay.;Jamie Wilhelm.;Ariane Soldatos.;Jens Kuhle.;Poorva Jain.;Sydney Corey.;Jenna R E Bergerson.;Daniel S Reich.;Steven Highfill.;David Stroncek.;Anh Dinh.;Stefania Pittaluga.;Heidi H Kong.;Helen C Su.;Luigi D Notarangelo.;Sung-Yun Pai.;Michael Grimley.;Alexandra F Freeman.;Irene Cortese.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷20期2061-2064页 9. Prehospital Resuscitation with Type O Whole Blood for Trauma and Hemorrhage.
作者: Jason L Sperry.;Francis X Guyette.;Bryan A Cotton.;James F Luther.;Richard B Utarnachitt.;Matthew E Kutcher.;Brian J Daley.;Allan B Peetz.;Mayur B Patel.;Michael D Goodman.;Jeffrey A Claridge.;Nimitt Patel.;Brian G Harbrecht.;Zain G Hashmi.;Ryan Zarychanski.;Matthew D Neal.;Mark H Yazer.;Christian Martin-Gill.;Laura E Vincent.;Ashley M Harner.;David E Meyer.;Andrew J Latimer.;Bryce R Robinson.;Catherine L McKnight.;William R Hinckley.;Keith R Miller.;Jan O Jansen.;Douglas Martin.;Erin E Fox.;Bedda L Rosario-Rivera.;Stephen R Wisniewski.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷23期2317-2328页
Blood transfusion before arrival at a hospital reduces mortality from traumatic hemorrhage and shock. Whether transfusion with whole blood is more beneficial than transfusion with blood components is uncertain, as are the effects of the length of time that blood products are in storage between donation and transfusion.
10. Azithromycin for Preschoolers with Wheezing in the Emergency Department.
作者: Kurt R Denninghoff.;T Charles Casper.;Joseph J Zorc.;Richard M Ruddy.;Sarah Satola.;Wendi-Jo Wendt.;Claudia R Morris.;Melissa M Tavarez.;Matthew J Lipshaw.;Maria Y Kwok.;Jo-Ann O Nesiama.;Kyle A Nelson.;Michael Webb.;Fernando D Martinez.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年
Wheezing illnesses are a leading cause of hospitalization for preschool-age children and are frequently treated with antibiotics. Observational studies have shown more frequent isolation of three pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae) from nasopharyngeal samples from children with recurrent episodes of wheezing than from those without such illnesses.
13. Pulmonary Tuberculosis Detection with MiniDock MTB Using Swab Samples.
作者: Seda Yerlikaya.;Masuzyo Chirwa.;Bukola Ajide.;Maria Del Mar Castro.;Huy Ha.;Midori Kato-Maeda.;Esther Kisakye.;Danaida Marcelo.;Tessa Mochizuki.;Loren Rockman.;Amy Steadman.;Balamugesh Thangakunam.;John Samson Bimba.;Devasahayam J Christopher.;Monde Muyoyeta.;Ha Phan.;Grant Theron.;Charles Yu.;Kristin Kremer.;Patrick P J Phillips.;Payam Nahid.;Claudia M Denkinger.;Adithya Cattamanchi.;Alfred Andama.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷17期1710-1722页
Improved diagnostic tools for tuberculosis that are suitable for use in peripheral health centers are essential for reducing the persistent gap between estimated and notified cases. The diagnostic accuracy and usability of the MiniDock MTB test for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis is unknown.
14. Balanced Fluid or 0.9% Saline in Children Treated for Septic Shock.
作者: Fran Balamuth.;Scott L Weiss.;Elliot Long.;Graham C Thompson.;Amanda S Artis.;Atzael B Campos.;Meredith L Borland.;Stuart R Dalziel.;Adriana Yock-Corrales.;Ruchi Singh.;Amanda Williams.;Beata Mickiewicz.;Christopher P Hickey.;Julie C Fitzgerald.;Benjamin L Laskin.;Robert W Hickey.;Michelle Eckerle.;Waleed Alqurashi.;Elizabeth Alpern.;Lilliam Ambroggio.;Mohamed Badawy.;Shannon Baumer-Mouradian.;Simon Berthelot.;Lindsay D Clukies.;Simon Craig.;Sarah J Curtis.;Adrienne L Davis.;Susan Duffy.;Matthew A Eisenberg.;Jason G Emsley.;Ara Festekjian.;Shane George.;Rebecca Green.;Karen E Gripp.;Priya G Jain.;Shefali Jani.;Gary I Joubert.;Pavan Judge.;April Kam.;Amit Kochar.;Ioannis Koutroulis.;Maria Y Kwok.;Roni D Lane.;Anna Lithgow.;Julia Lloyd.;Karim Mansour.;Julie K McManemy.;Claudia Morris.;Natalie Phillips.;Arjun Rao.;Alexander Rogers.;Anupam Sehgal.;Yasaman Shayan.;Jonathan Silverman.;Eunicia Tan.;Neil G Uspal.;Cheryl Vance.;Emma Whyte.;Jing Huang.;Stephen B Freedman.;Franz E Babl.;Nathan Kuppermann.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年
Whether treatment with balanced crystalloid fluid leads to better outcomes than 0.9% saline in children treated for septic shock is debated.
15. Oral Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir for Covid-19 in Higher-Risk Outpatients.
作者: Christopher C Butler.;Andrew D Pinto.;Victoria Harris.;Jane Holmes.;Najib M Rahman.;Lucy Cureton.;Gail Hayward.;Duncan B Richards.;David M Lowe.;Joseph F Standing.;Judith Breuer.;Kerenza Hood.;May Ee Png.;Stavros Petrou.;Jienchi Dorward.;Mahendra G Patel.;Nicholas P B Thomas.;Philip Evans.;Nigel D Hart.;Bhautesh D Jani.;Banafshe Hosseini.;Srinivas Murthy.;Kerry McBrien.;Amanda Condon.;Emily G McDonald.;Peter Daley.;Michelle Greiver.;Bruno R da Costa.;Peter Selby.;Peter Jüni.;Todd C Lee.;Haolun Shi.;Michelle A Detry.;Christina T Saunders.;Mark Fitzgerald.;Nicholas S Berry.;Benjamin R Saville.;Saye H Khoo.;Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam.;F D Richard Hobbs.;Ly-Mee Yu.;Paul Little.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷16期1583-1594页
Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir has been shown to reduce progression to severe illness from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in unvaccinated high-risk outpatients. The effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in persons who have been vaccinated, infected naturally, or both is unclear.
16. Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome after Laboratory-Confirmed Dengue Infection.
作者: Thiago Cerqueira-Silva.;Enny Paixão.;Giovanny V A França.;Luiza X S Tenório.;Mateus C Amaral.;Nubia M Santos.;Neil Pearce.;Viviane S Boaventura.;Manoel Barral-Netto.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷15期1546-1548页 18. Endovascular Therapy for Post-Thrombotic Syndrome - A Randomized Trial.
作者: Suresh Vedantham.;Susan R Kahn.;William A Marston.;Ido Weinberg.;Akhilesh K Sista.;Elizabeth A Magnuson.;David J Cohen.;Suman M Wasan.;Mahmood K Razavi.;Samuel Z Goldhaber.;Kristen M Sanfilippo.;Anthony J Comerota.;Ezana M Azene.;Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar.;Daniel A Leung.;K Pallav Kolli.;Sanjeeva P Kalva.;Nassir Rostambeigi.;Ajinkya Desai.;Kush R Desai.;Alfonso J Tafur.;Bhavraj Khalsa.;Elaine Majerus.;Borong Wang.;Yang Wang.;Patricia Nieters.;Mary Clare Derfler.;Angela Oliver.;Cassandra Hardy.;Riyaz Bashir.;Ronald Winokur.;Natalie Weger.;Minhaj S Khaja.;Aditya Sharma.;Naganathan Mani.;Pavan Kavali.;Siddhant Thukral.;Leslie L Lake.;Kathryn Mikkelsen.;Sameer Parpia.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷23期2293-2304页
Post-thrombotic syndrome is common after deep-vein thrombosis and can cause severe symptoms involving the limbs that impair patients' activity and quality of life. Endovascular therapy can eliminate chronic venous obstruction and is hypothesized to reduce the severity of post-thrombotic syndrome.
20. Multifaceted Strategies for Hypertension Control in Low-Income Patients.
作者: Katherine T Mills.;Marie Krousel-Wood.;Erin M Peacock.;Jing Chen.;Farah Allouch.;Amy K Carreras.;Siyi Geng.;Alecia Cyprian.;Gerrelda Davis.;Sonja R Fuqua.;Darie Gilliam.;Angelique Greer.;Tammy Mitchell.;Wylea Gray-Winfrey.;Shondra Williams.;Gary M Wiltz.;Keith L Winfrey.;Hua He.;Paul K Whelton.;Jiang He.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2026年394卷14期1376-1387页
Uncontrolled hypertension disproportionately affects populations that have substantial health disparities. Data regarding the effectiveness and implementation of multifaceted, team-based strategies for hypertension control among low-income patients are lacking.
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