To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations.

We performed a systematic review of the literature to better define the scope of MYB alterations in angiocentric glioma and their associated clinical characteristics, as well as to include a novel MYB mutation in an angiocentric glioma case. We also review MYB alterations in the context of oncologic disease. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and Web of Science for relevant literature from 2010 to October 2024. Included articles reported original data on human subjects with angiocentric glioma and a detected MYB mutation. We include one additional angiocentric glioma case showcasing a novel MYB mutation. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 114 patients with individual data for pooled analysis. The mean age was 10.3 years (SD ±9.7 years); 60% of patients were male. MYB::QKI was the most common fusion in 68% of patients. Other MYB mutations included MYB rearrangements, MYB::ESR1, MYB::PCDHGA1, MYB::LOC105378099, and MYB::MMP16. The most common anatomical location was in the cerebral cortex in 68% of patients. MYB fusions in other relevant neuro-oncologic diseases highlight the importance of MYB fusions in adenoid cystic carcinomas, which frequently occur at the skull base, head and neck, and breast. In conclusion, we characterize the breadth of angiocentric glioma patterns in terms of demographics, anatomic location, and MYB fusion patterns. The updated molecular diagnosis of angiocentric glioma as of 2021 warrants continued exploration of the scope of MYB oncogene fusions as drivers of prognosis and targets for future therapies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer worldwide. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, affecting both men and women. It has been described that 20-25% of colorectal tumors have mutations in the PIK3CA gene, mainly in three hotspots: E542 and E545 and H1047. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of PIK3CA gene mutations in colorectal tumors based on a systematic review of a selection of studies. Nighty seven studies enrolling 48,446 patients were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were conducted in Asian (41.2%) and European countries (34.0%). The global prevalence ranged from 0 to 80%, with a mean prevalence of 13.7%. Fourteen studies reported a prevalence of less than 5%, 22 between 5 and 10%, 32 between 10 and 15% and 29 showed a prevalence of more than 15%. Mutations were more common in exon 9 than in exon 20 (9.5% vs. 4.7%). After discussing a number of possible reasons that could explain the differences in prevalence, it is very hard to deduce which is the main factor influencing the observed frequency.

Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are rare diffuse gliomas. Although radiotherapy (RT) combined with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) has been the historical standard, temozolomide (TMZ) has been increasingly used.

This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to indicate the most effective first-line therapeutic options for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC, particularly considering their specific clinicopathological characteristics.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with cases expected to rise 60% by 2030, especially in Asia. Metastatic CRC (mCRC) has a poor 5-year survival rate of 14%, posing a major treatment challenge. Tumors with DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) and a high level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), shifting treatment strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate Pembrolizumab (PEM), Nivolumab (NIV), and Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab (NIV + IPI) for their promising antitumor efficacy in MSI-H/dMMR mCRC.

The treatment of patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease progresses after tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment has become a research hotspot.

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of PAX1 gene methylation in the detection of cervical lesions and assess its potential clinical application in cervical cancer screening through both a single-centre study and a meta-analysis.

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health priority, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In this context, liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive method for detecting and monitoring molecular biomarkers, offering advantages over traditional screening approaches. This systematic review included 21 studies published between 2015 and 2025 and was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. The analysis examined the role of serum cytokines, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and circulating cell-free HPV DNA (cfHPV-DNA) in patients with cervical cancer or high-grade intraepithelial lesions. Circulating miRNAs-particularly miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-34a-are consistently associated with recurrence, tumor progression, and reduced survival. However, their immediate clinical translation remains limited by methodological variability and the lack of universal normalizers. In contrast, cfHPV-DNA, especially with ddPCR, exhibited the best study-level performance, with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of approximately 80-88%, across heterogeneous endpoints and analytic conditions. Consequently, cfHPV-DNA represents a promising tool for post-treatment surveillance and early detection of recurrence. Serum cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, reflect inflammation and the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, their lack of standardization and variability across detection platforms restricts their reproducibility, positioning them as complementary rather than stand-alone markers. In conclusion, the evidence supports liquid biopsy as a promising tool in cervical cancer management; nonetheless, only cfHPV-DNA is currently ready for clinical application, whereas miRNAs and cytokines require multicenter validation and technical standardization before implementation.

Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) mainly includes endometrioid ovarian cancer (ENOC) and clear cell ovarian cancer (CCOC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed four molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer (EC) in 2013, which have been proven pivotal in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic domains of EC. Existing evidence indicates that EC and EAOC molecular analysis have similar significance. This review aims to investigate the distribution, staging and prognostic characteristics of molecular subtypes in EAOC.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) achieve selective cytolysis via tumor-specific entry receptor. However, the prevalence of OVs receptors in malignant tumors has not been fully determined yet. Here, we systematically identify and characterize critical cellular entry receptors for clinically relevant OVs, particularly focusing on SCARB2 expression and its potential therapeutic implications for oncolytic Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) therapy in glioma.

Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a novel treatment target for patients with unresectable or stage IV gastric cancer. However, it remains unclear whether the expression of CLDN18.2 affects survival outcomes. In total, 586 patients with GC were enrolled in this study. CLDN18.2 expression in cancer cells was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between CLDN18.2 expression and several clinicopathological factors and survival outcomes were investigated. We also performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis. CLDN18.2 expression was mainly observed in the cell membrane. The CLDN18.2 expression was not significantly correlated with any clinicopathological factor. In all patients, CLDN18.2 did not significantly affect OS. In patients with the diffuse type, the overall survival of patients with CLDN18.2-high expression was worse than that of patients with CLDN18.2-low expression, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.092). Meta-analyses revealed that CLDN18.2 was not significant prognostic factor in resected cases, although CLDN18.2 negative cases showed a trend for worse survival. In, conclusion, CLDN18.2 was not a significant prognostic factor in general, although CLDN18.2 negative cases showed a trend for worse survival. We revealed that patients with CLDN18.2 high expression showed worse survival outcomes especially in the diffuse type.

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most aggressive primary brain tumour in adults, marked by pronounced cellular heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, and resistance to conventional treatment. In recent years, transcriptomic profiling has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern the progression of glioblastoma. This systematic review aims to synthesise the current literature on dysregulated gene expression in GBM, focusing on gene signatures associated with stemness, immune modulation, extracellular matrix remodelling, metabolic adaptation, and therapeutic resistance.

Chordoma represents a central nervous system tumor with an incidence of 8.4 per 10 million individuals in the U.S. Current treatment options include surgical resection and radiotherapy. Despite recent studies demonstrating significant improvement in molecular understanding of disease, treatment options remain limited.

Discrepancies in cancer sequencing data continue to pose significant challenges for accurate mutation detection, potentially resulting in misdiagnoses and suboptimal treatment strategies. Although deep learning (DL) has emerged as a transformative approach for identifying and rectifying these errors, there remains a lack of comprehensive evaluation of DL architectures, performance benchmarks, and clinical translation. In this systematic review of 78 studies (2015-2024), We synthesize recent advancements in DL methodologies for identifying genomic discrepancies, demonstrating that convolutional and graph-based architectures currently achieve state-of-the-art performance in variant calling and tumor stratification. DL models reduce false-negative rates by 30%-40% compared to traditional pipelines, with methods such as MAGPIE prioritizing pathogenic variants with 92% accuracy. However, challenges such as data scarcity, batch effects, and the interpretability of "black-box" models persist. We propose a future research roadmap advocating federated learning to enhance data privacy and attention mechanisms to improve model transparency. By bridging bioinformatics and oncology, this review offers actionable insights to expedite the deployment of DL in precision cancer therapy.

Papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) is a rare central nervous system tumor with high recurrence and significant morbidity. The BRAF V600E mutation has emerged as a potential target for treatment, with BRAF-MEK inhibitors showing promise in early studies. However, their efficacy and safety remain uncertain due to limited data from small-scale studies and case reports. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of dual BRAF-MEK inhibitor therapy in BRAF V600E-mutated PCP.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 15-20% of childhood leukemia cases; however, it is characterized by very high aggressiveness and has the highest mortality rate among leukemias, with relapse rates ranging from 34% to 38%. It is a disease characterized by high molecular diversity, and the frequency of specific genetic alterations in children is different from that in adults. Furthermore, mutations and rearrangements vary with age within the pediatric population. To date, a wide spectrum of genetic alterations has already been studied, but the molecular landscape of each patient is unique. An analysis of rearrangements and mutations specific to children of different ages appears to be crucial in order to individualize diagnosis and therapy appropriately. The aim of the following review is to analyze the molecular landscape of pediatric AML by age in detail in order to prioritize therapeutic strategies dedicated to specific age groups.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common skin condition associated with cumulative sun exposure and advancing age. As a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma, it is clinically relevant as a target for prevention. While epidemiological studies have suggested various risk factors, causal inference is often limited by confounding. Mendelian randomization (MR), which uses genetic variants as proxies for exposures, can help address this. This review aimed to provide an overview of published MR studies that have examined AK either as an exposure or an outcome.

Objectives: Cases from our hospital and a systematic review were performed in this paper to get a better understanding on the diagnosis and therapies for primary pulmonary NUT carcinoma (PPNC) patients. Methods: The clinical features, pathological diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of PPNC patients from 2020-2025, including four cases from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, were collected delicately. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to calculate cumulative survival and prognostic factors. Results: The male-to-female ratio of PPNC was 18∶15, the left to right ratio was 14∶19, the median age was 36 years old and the median tumor diameter was 6.1 cm. Most patients were already at an advanced stage with the clinical features-cough (16/33) and chest or back pain (13/33) when they first came to the hospital. The tumor cells were arranged in nest pattern with small-medium size, round to oval shape, and nuclei were deeply stained. The high positive staining of NUT (32/32) and CK-pan (16/19) was observed, NUTM1 gene translocation in 24 cases was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and different gene rearrangements were located by NGS-NUTM1-BRD4 (8/12), NUTM1-BRD3 (2/12), NUTM1-BRD2 (1/12) and NUTM1-ZNF532 (1/12). Most patients accepted different chemotherapy regimens (25/29), including paclitaxel albumin and platinum (13/25), etoposide and platinum (8/25). Meanwhile, 12 cases were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 antibody during the therapy. The median follow-up time was 7 months in 28 cases tracked from 2-90 months. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that metastasis of this disease affected patient prognosis (HR=2.55, 95% CI: 0.974-6.677, P=0.057) and the cumulative survival rate was lower in the older ones. Conclusions: PPNC, more often found in middle-aged patients, no difference in sex, can be diagnosed by pathmorphology and immunophenotype, while NUTM1 molecular test is highly suggested for the accurate therapy. Metastasis can be recognized as the prognostic risk factor. Early detection of the cancer improves the chances of successful treatment, especially in patients with older age.

Chemoresistance is a significant issue in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment due to recurrence, poor survival and limited salvage options. Non-invasive biomarkers can identify early chemoresistance. These cohorts may benefit from initiating early chemotherapy or second-line drugs at an earlier timeline.