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1. Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.
作者: Peter Hanlon.;Elaine Butterly.;Lili Wei.;Heather Wightman.;Saleh Ali M Almazam.;Khalid Alsallumi.;Jamie Crowther.;Ryan McChrystal.;Heidi Rennison.;Katherine Hughes.;Jim Lewsey.;Robert Lindsay.;Stuart McGurnaghan.;John Petrie.;Laurie A Tomlinson.;Sarah Wild.;Amanda Adler.;Naveed Sattar.;David M Phillippo.;Sofia Dias.;Nicky J Welton.;David A McAllister.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1062-1073页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, and SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is not clear whether efficacy varies by age or sex.
2. Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Daniel G Rayner.;Dario M Ferri.;Gordon H Guyatt.;Paul M O'Byrne.;Romina Brignardello-Petersen.;Farid Foroutan.;Bradley Chipps.;Kaharu Sumino.;Tamara T Perry.;Sharmilee Nyenhuis.;John Oppenheimer.;Elliot Israel.;Flavia Hoyte.;Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric.;Ellen McCabe.;Susana Rangel.;Lindsay E Shade.;Valerie G Press.;Lisa Hall.;Dia Sue-Wah-Sing.;Angel Melendez.;Hilarry Orr.;Tonya Winders.;Donna D Gardner.;Kathyrn Przywara.;Matthew A Rank.;Leonard B Bacharier.;Giselle Mosnaim.;Derek K Chu.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷2期143-152页
The optimal inhaled reliever therapy for asthma remains unclear.
3. Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review.
作者: Suhana Bedi.;Yutong Liu.;Lucy Orr-Ewing.;Dev Dash.;Sanmi Koyejo.;Alison Callahan.;Jason A Fries.;Michael Wornow.;Akshay Swaminathan.;Lisa Soleymani Lehmann.;Hyo Jung Hong.;Mehr Kashyap.;Akash R Chaurasia.;Nirav R Shah.;Karandeep Singh.;Troy Tazbaz.;Arnold Milstein.;Michael A Pfeffer.;Nigam H Shah.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷4期319-328页
Large language models (LLMs) can assist in various health care activities, but current evaluation approaches may not adequately identify the most useful application areas.
4. Risk Stratification in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Using CMR Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Christian Eichhorn.;David Koeckerling.;Rohin K Reddy.;Maddalena Ardissino.;Marek Rogowski.;Bernadette Coles.;Lukas Hunziker.;Simon Greulich.;Isaac Shiri.;Norbert Frey.;Jens Eckstein.;Stephan Windecker.;Raymond Y Kwong.;George C M Siontis.;Christoph Gräni.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷18期1535-50页
Accurate risk stratification of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) remains challenging.
5. Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Mohd H Abdul-Aziz.;Naomi E Hammond.;Stephen J Brett.;Menino O Cotta.;Jan J De Waele.;Anthony Devaux.;Gian Luca Di Tanna.;Joel M Dulhunty.;Hatem Elkady.;Lars Eriksson.;M Shahnaz Hasan.;Ayesha Bibi Khan.;Jeffrey Lipman.;Xiaoqiu Liu.;Giacomo Monti.;John Myburgh.;Emmanuel Novy.;Shahed Omar.;Dorrilyn Rajbhandari.;Claire Roger.;Fredrik Sjövall.;Irene Zaghi.;Alberto Zangrillo.;Anthony Delaney.;Jason A Roberts.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷8期638-648页
There is uncertainty about whether prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics improve clinically important outcomes in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock.
6. Revisiting Race and the Benefit of RAS Blockade in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Li Shen.;Matthew M Y Lee.;Pardeep S Jhund.;Christopher B Granger.;Inder S Anand.;Aldo P Maggioni.;Marc A Pfeffer.;Scott D Solomon.;Karl Swedberg.;Salim Yusuf.;John J V McMurray.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2094-2104页
Concerns have arisen that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are less effective in Black patients than non-Black patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
7. Survival Benefit Associated With Participation in Clinical Trials of Anticancer Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Renata Iskander.;Hannah Moyer.;Karine Vigneault.;Salaheddin M Mahmud.;Jonathan Kimmelman.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2105-2113页
Many cancer clinical investigators view clinical trials as offering better care for patients than routine clinical care. However, definitive evidence of clinical benefit from trial participation (hereafter referred to as the participation effect) has yet to emerge.
8. Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments.
作者: Joshua D Wallach.;Samuel Yoon.;Harry Doernberg.;Laura R Glick.;Oriana Ciani.;Rod S Taylor.;Maryam Mooghali.;Reshma Ramachandran.;Joseph S Ross.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷19期1646-1654页
Surrogate markers are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials supporting drug approvals.
9. Cancer Stage Compared With Mortality as End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Xiaoshuang Feng.;Hana Zahed.;Justina Onwuka.;Matthew E J Callister.;Mattias Johansson.;Ruth Etzioni.;Hilary A Robbins.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷22期1910-1917页
Randomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence of stage III-IV cancer is a potential alternative end point that may accelerate completion of randomized clinical trials of cancer screening.
10. Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Melissa McPheeters.;Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Sean Riley.;Sara M Kennedy.;Christiane Voisin.;Kaitlin Kuznacic.;Cory P Coffey.;Mark D Edlund.;Georgiy Bobashev.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷17期1653-1665页
Alcohol use disorder affects more than 28.3 million people in the United States and is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality.
11. Orthostatic Hypotension, Hypertension Treatment, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis.
作者: Stephen P Juraschek.;Jiun-Ruey Hu.;Jennifer L Cluett.;Anthony M Ishak.;Carol Mita.;Lewis A Lipsitz.;Lawrence J Appel.;Nigel S Beckett.;Ruth L Coleman.;William C Cushman.;Barry R Davis.;Greg Grandits.;Rury R Holman.;Edgar R Miller.;Ruth Peters.;Jan A Staessen.;Addison A Taylor.;Lutgarde Thijs.;Jackson T Wright.;Kenneth J Mukamal.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷15期1459-1471页
There are ongoing concerns about the benefits of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) treatment among adults with orthostatic hypotension or standing hypotension.
12. Adherence to CPAP Treatment and the Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis.
作者: Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre.;Esther Gracia-Lavedan.;Ivan D Benitez.;Alicia Sánchez-de-la-Torre.;Anna Moncusí-Moix.;Gerard Torres.;Kelly Loffler.;Richard Woodman.;Robert Adams.;Gonzalo Labarca.;Jorge Dreyse.;Christine Eulenburg.;Erik Thunström.;Helena Glantz.;Yüksel Peker.;Craig Anderson.;Doug McEvoy.;Ferran Barbé.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷13期1255-1265页
The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is highly debated.
13. Efficacy and Tolerability of Gefapixant for Treatment of Refractory or Unexplained Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
作者: Elena Kum.;Matthew Patel.;Nermin Diab.;Mustafaa Wahab.;Dena Zeraatkar.;Derek K Chu.;Paul M O'Byrne.;Gordon H Guyatt.;Imran Satia.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷14期1359-1369页
Gefapixant represents an emerging therapy for patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough.
14. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Gary N Asher.;Cynthia Feltner.;Wade N Harrison.;Emmanuel Schwimmer.;Caroline Rains.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷6期510-512页 15. Associations of Unintended Pregnancy With Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Heidi D Nelson.;Blair G Darney.;Katherine Ahrens.;Amanda Burgess.;Rebecca M Jungbauer.;Amy Cantor.;Chandler Atchison.;Karen B Eden.;Rose Goueth.;Rongwei Fu.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷17期1714-1729页
Unintended pregnancy is common in the US and is associated with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes; however, estimates of these associations specific to current US populations are lacking.
16. Association Between Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Naomi E Hammond.;John Myburgh.;Ian Seppelt.;Tessa Garside.;Ruan Vlok.;Sajeev Mahendran.;Derick Adigbli.;Simon Finfer.;Ya Gao.;Fiona Goodman.;Gordon Guyatt.;Joseph Alvin Santos.;Balasubramanian Venkatesh.;Liang Yao.;Gian Luca Di Tanna.;Anthony Delaney.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷19期1922-1934页
The effectiveness of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in critically ill adults receiving mechanical ventilation is uncertain.
18. Association of HIV Infection With Cardiovascular Pathology Based on Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging: A Systematic Review.
作者: Jonathan A Hudson.;Edith D Majonga.;Rashida A Ferrand.;Pablo Perel.;Shirjel R Alam.;Anoop S V Shah.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷10期951-962页
HIV-associated cardiovascular disease is increasing in prevalence, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood.
19. Association of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Ticagrelor With Vein Graft Failure After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Sigrid Sandner.;Björn Redfors.;Dominick J Angiolillo.;Katia Audisio.;Stephen E Fremes.;Paul W A Janssen.;Alexander Kulik.;Roxana Mehran.;Joyce Peper.;Marc Ruel.;Jacqueline Saw.;Giovanni Jr Soletti.;Andrew Starovoytov.;Jurrien M Ten Berg.;Laura M Willemsen.;Qiang Zhao.;Yunpeng Zhu.;Mario Gaudino.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷6期554-562页
The role of ticagrelor with or without aspirin after coronary artery bypass graft surgery remains unclear.
20. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Juliana H VanderPluym.;Rashmi B Halker Singh.;Meritxell Urtecho.;Allison S Morrow.;Tarek Nayfeh.;Victor D Torres Roldan.;Magdoleen H Farah.;Bashar Hasan.;Samer Saadi.;Sahrish Shah.;Rami Abd-Rabu.;Lubna Daraz.;Larry J Prokop.;Mohammad Hassan Murad.;Zhen Wang.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷23期2357-2369页
Migraine is common and can be associated with significant morbidity, and several treatment options exist for acute therapy.
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