Chemotherapy, as one of the main treatments for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), brings clinical benefits with varying degrees of gastrointestinal reactions. Post-chemotherapy diarrhea is one of the factors affecting the quality of life of cancer patients. In severe cases, it can cause interruption of the chemotherapy process and even be life-threatening. Probiotics' role in preventing post chemotherapy diarrhea in CRC patients has not been proven.

Cancer immunotherapy enhances the prognosis of cancer patients; however, it has been shown to be associated with potentially fatal cardiac risks, which requires further confirmation. This study aimed to explore the cardiotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in solid tumors.

To evaluate the evidence for tamoxifen induced alterations of retina blood flow in macula region, using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).

Some studies have developed machine learning (ML) models for the prediction of pneumonitis following immunotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with lung cancer (LC). However, the prediction accuracy of these models remains a topic of debate. Thus, this study aims to summarize the advantages of ML methods in the early prediction of radiation pneumonitis (RP) and checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) in LC patients. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to March 23, 2025. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was utilized to explore the risk of bias (RoB) in the included studies. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on variables including radiomics, dosiomics, and clinical characteristics. Fifty-six studies comprising 12,803 LC patients were included. Of these, 43 studies focused on the early prediction of RP, 11 studies on CIP, and 2 studies on differentiating RP and CIP. The meta-analysis revealed that the c-index of dosiomics-based models, radiomics-based models, and models based on radiomics and clinical characteristics for predicting RP was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76-0.87), 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.89), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86-0.94), respectively. In the prediction of CIP, the c-index for the clinical characteristics model was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81-0.85), while the integrated radiomics and clinical characteristics model achieved a c-index of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80-0.92). The ML-based models exhibit strong performance for predicting RP and CIP. Models that integrate dosiomics and radiomics demonstrate superior predictive performance for RP. In addition, hybrid models combining radiomics with clinical features provide excellent predictive value for CIP.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of sorafenib, with or without co-interventions, versus placebo, no intervention, or the same co-interventions for adults, aged 18 and over, with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Recent research suggests a link between KRAS mutations and the effectiveness of ICIs, as KRAS-driven tumors may possess unique immunogenic features that influence the tumor microenvironment. These mutations can increase tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigen load, potentially leading to improved responses to ICIs. This meta-analysis aims to consolidate existing evidence on the impact of KRAS mutations as a predictive factor for survival and treatment outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs. A comprehensive search strategy was designed by a biostatistician and pulmonologist, targeting PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 2022. The outcomes assessed included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), reported as log hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding standard errors (SEs). A pooled estimate of the HR effect size was calculated using Review Manager (RevMan, Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK). Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and the I2 statistic. Ultimately, 10 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in the systematic review from a total of 8722 screened titles and abstracts. The presence of KRAS+ mutations had a significant prognostic factor for better OS in NSCLC patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99) and for better PFS in NSCLC patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87). In conclusion, our study indicates that KRAS mutations may serve as a potential positive predictive biomarker in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.

Platinum-based chemotherapy significantly increases the risk of nausea and vomiting, which can impair the treatment's efficacy and the patient's quality of life. This meta-analysis examines the incidence and risk factors of platinum-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (PINV) in patients treated with this chemotherapy.

To compare the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have demonstrated a survival benefit in various cancer types. A few numbers of imaging studies have recently measured myocardial strain parameters in cancer patients before and after ICI treatment, reporting not univocal results. This systematic review has been primarily designed to summarize the main findings of these studies and to examine the overall effect of ICI therapy on biventricular mechanics in cancer patients.

PurposeTo comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors with chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PARP inhibitor-chemotherapy combinations. Studies reporting progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety outcomes were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, and a meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models.ResultsOf 970 studies retrieved, four RCTs involving 1064 patients met the inclusion criteria. PARP inhibitors combined with chemotherapy significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.84, P < .0001) and showed a trend towards improved OS (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.09, P = .36), though this was not statistically significant. There was no significant improvement in ORR (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.20, P = .13). Regarding safety, no significant difference was observed in all grades or grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) overall, but the combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of anemia, nausea, and diarrhea (RRs ranging from 1.14 to 1.29, all P < .01).ConclusionPARP inhibitor combined with chemotherapy is an effective option for the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer, but its potential increased risks of specific AEs need to be weighed. Clinicians should make individualized treatment plans according to the specific conditions of patients, comprehensive consideration of efficacy and safety.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a prevalent form of skin cancer that can be localized or metastatic. Current evidence supports the use of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitors for locally advanced or metastatic BCC with resistance due to genetic alterations in the Hh pathway. This systematic review evaluated the prevalence of genetic alterations in Hh pathway genes in BCC.

The efficacy of regorafenib or fruquintinib in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment has not been elucidated. This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy.

The use of plant extracts and the compounds isolated from them for the treatment of cancer is an area of active research, given their therapeutic potential. This work focused on evaluating the literature related to the antiproliferative activity of extracts obtained from plants of the genus Tabebuia and molecules isolated in vitro or in vivo. For the search, MeSH and DECS terms were employed in the PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Research has shown that plant extracts derived from plants of the genus Tabebuia exhibit potential applications in the search for new molecules with antiproliferative activity. Among the isolated molecules, the most evaluated correspond to β-lapachone (naphthoquinone); however, molecules with antiproliferative potential belonging to groups such as iridoids, flavonoids, quinones, furanonaphthoquinones, triterpenes, and polysaccharides have also been isolated and reported. Additionally, synthesized molecules have been evaluated on the basis of the modifications made to the structures of molecules isolated from the plant extracts to increase their activity, aiming to develop more potent antitumor agents for future clinical use.

The incidence of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is increasing, but data relating to perinatal outcomes for infants exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero remain limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise evidence from the available literature to investigate whether perinatal outcomes for babies born to women with gestational cancer differ based on whether they are exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero.

Combination of multiple therapies is a common approach to treating patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). The impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on prognosis in uHCC patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and lenvatinib remains unclear.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) significantly improve survival in lung cancer patients. However, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) remains a critical safety concern. This meta-analysis systematically evaluates demographic, clinical, and laboratory risk factors associated with CIP development to guide risk-stratified management.

This review aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise-based interventions on cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) in individuals with cancer.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening complication of chemotherapy. Although practice guidelines suggest the use of existing prediction models when making decisions to prevent and treat FN, recent evidence suggests that these models are limited in their discriminative ability. This study aims to systematically review and critically evaluate the recent literature to assess the question: what evidence-based clinical prediction models can be used to predict FN or its outcomes?

To update the systematic review of assessment tools on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) for pediatric oncology patients based on the evidence available after the published review in 2020.

The aim of this study was to reveal the hepatotoxicity profile of different immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) used strategies in patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by meta-analysis.