Ablation of atrial fibrillation can restore normal heart rhythm, but its effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain.

Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) through social programs or direct cash transfers (DCTs) may address drivers of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality.

Dietary interventions are a potential alternative treatment of depression and anxiety.

Poor communication in health care increases the risk for patient safety incidents. However, there is no up-to-date synthesis of these data.

In 2024, infectious disease literature focused on advancements in the treatment of severe infections and prevention of high-burden diseases. Building on prior data, further evidence supports both the use of shorter courses of antibiotics and the earlier transition to oral antibiotics, including for severe infections, such as bacteremia. A new medication has demonstrated significant, high-impact findings in the long-acting category of drugs for the prevention of HIV infection. Antibiotic resistance continues to be a growing threat, and research this year has demonstrated significant advances for new agents helping to combat resistant gram-negative organisms. Research on the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 continues to expand, with a living systematic review providing us a better understanding of symptom management. Novel treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection are being studied, and the evidence is reviewed for these new regimens. Finally, several emerging infections are highlighted to raise awareness of new or concerning outbreaks that may cause significant effects in the coming year.

Migraine is common, affecting 15% of Americans.

Guidance on acute pain management among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) is limited.

People with disabilities are less likely than the general population to receive clinical preventive services.

The role of transitioning from short dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to potent P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains inconclusive.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle (SEP-1) is now included in the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) Program.

In several settings, therapeutic-dose non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are superior to aspirin for the prevention of arterial and venous thromboembolism.

Various treatments for preventing episodic migraine are available.

Decision making regarding pharmacologic treatments for the prevention of episodic migraine may depend on the importance that patients place on outcomes and specific treatment preferences.

Tissue-based genomic classifiers (GCs) have been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and treatment recommendations.