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2. Geroscience: A Translational Review.
The incidence of stroke, heart failure, dementia, many cancers, coronary artery disease, and physical disability rise exponentially with age. Geroscience is a relatively new discipline that aims to define and modify aging-related biologic pathways, slow age-related disability, prevent age-related diseases, and increase disability-free survival.
3. Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke: A Review.
A patent foramen ovale (PFO), an opening between the right and left atria during normal fetal development that fails to close after birth, is present in approximately 25% of all adults. Paradoxical embolism, a venous thromboembolism that travels to the systemic circulation typically through a PFO, accounts for about 5% of all strokes and 10% of strokes in younger patients.
4. Ovarian Cancer: A Review.
Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cause of cancer and cancer death in women worldwide. In 2022, ovarian cancer was diagnosed in approximately 324 398 individuals, and 206 839 died of ovarian cancer worldwide. In 2025, it is estimated that 20 890 US women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 12 730 patients will die of ovarian cancer.
5. Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review.
Early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is typically defined as GI cancer diagnosed in individuals younger than 50 years. The incidence of early-onset GI cancer is rising globally, and early-onset GI cancers represent the most rapidly increasing early-onset cancer in the US.
6. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men: A Review.
Up to 40% of men older than 50 years have lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary urgency, nocturia, and weak urinary stream, due to disorders of the bladder and prostate. These symptoms negatively affect quality of life and may be associated with urinary retention, which can cause kidney insufficiency, bladder calculi, hematuria, and urinary tract infections.
7. West Nile Virus: A Review.
作者: Carolyn V Gould.;J Erin Staples.;Sarah Anne J Guagliardo.;Stacey W Martin.;Shelby Lyons.;Susan L Hills.;Randall J Nett.;Lyle R Petersen.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷7期618-628页
West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic flavivirus spread by Culex species mosquitoes, is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the contiguous US. From 2014 to 2023, a mean of 1300 WNV neuroinvasive disease cases and 130 deaths were reported annually in the US.
8. Osteoporosis: A Review.
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, increased bone fragility, and increased susceptibility to fracture, which is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Worldwide, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men older than 50 years of age experience osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime.
9. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and for Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults: An Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Cynthia Feltner.;Christine Peat.;Gary N Asher.;Sarah Wright.;Jessica Vaughan.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷4期339-355页
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and caregiver abuse of older or vulnerable adults are common and cause significant morbidity.
10. Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Review.
作者: Rita R Kalyani.;Joshua J Neumiller.;Nisa M Maruthur.;Deborah J Wexler.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷11期984-1002页
Type 2 diabetes involves progressive loss of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells in the setting of insulin resistance and manifests clinically as hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% to 95% of all cases of diabetes globally, with estimates ranging from 589 million to 828 million people worldwide. In the US, type 2 diabetes affects approximately 1 in 6 adults.
11. Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review.
Adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome of cortisol deficiency and is categorized as primary, secondary, or glucocorticoid induced. Although primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency are rare, affecting less than 279 per 1 million individuals, glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency is common.
12. Uveitis in Adults: A Review.
作者: Panayiotis Maghsoudlou.;Simon J Epps.;Catherine M Guly.;Andrew D Dick.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷5期419-434页
Uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the uvea-the middle portion of the eye composed of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid-causing eye redness, pain, photophobia, floaters, and blurred vision. Untreated uveitis may cause cataracts, glaucoma, macular edema, retinal detachment, optic nerve damage, and vision loss.
13. Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review.
Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy that presents with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia. Worldwide annual incidence of iTTP is 2 cases per million to 6 cases per million.
14. The Microbiome and Cancer: A Translational Science Review.
Growing evidence suggests that microbes located within the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations influence the development and progression of diseases such as cancer.
15. Endometriosis: A Review.
作者: Sawsan As-Sanie.;Scott C Mackenzie.;Leigh Morrison.;Andrew Schrepf.;Krina T Zondervan.;Andrew W Horne.;Stacey A Missmer.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷1期64-78页
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease defined by endometrial-like tissue (lesions) outside the uterine lining. It affects up to 10% of women worldwide, and 9 million women in the US, during reproductive years.
16. Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Adults: A Review.
Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition caused by permanent bronchial dilatation and inflammation and is characterized by daily cough, sputum, and recurrent exacerbations. Approximately 500 000 people in the US have non-CF bronchiectasis.
17. Has This Child Experienced Physical Abuse?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Sonal N Shah.;Hiu-Fai Fong.;Suzanne B Haney.;Nancy S Harper.;Mary Clyde Pierce.;Mark I Neuman.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷2期160-170页
Nearly 100 000 children experience physical abuse each year in the US. Among approximately 2000 annual deaths related to child maltreatment, more than 40% resulted from physical abuse, and half of those children were younger than 1 year. Many of these young children had unidentified abusive injuries before the fatal event.
18. Cataracts: A Review.
Age-related cataract, defined as progressive opacification or clouding of the eye's natural lens, is a leading cause of visual disability and blindness. Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures in high-income countries. More than 3.5 million cataract operations are performed annually in the US.
19. Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Carrie D Patnode.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Erin L Coppola.;Megan O Iacocca.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷17期1527-1537页
Interventions to support breastfeeding may help individuals and families initiate breastfeeding or breastfeed exclusively or for a prolonged period of time.
20. Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Review.
Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium, is the leading cause of death from bacteremia worldwide, with a case fatality rate of 15% to 30% and an estimated 300 000 deaths per year.
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