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1. Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Apparently Healthy, Young Adults.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence in apparently healthy adults younger than 40 years ranges from 4 to 14 per 100 000 person-years worldwide. Of an estimated 350 000 to 450 000 total annual out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the US, approximately 10% survive.
2. Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.
作者: Peter Hanlon.;Elaine Butterly.;Lili Wei.;Heather Wightman.;Saleh Ali M Almazam.;Khalid Alsallumi.;Jamie Crowther.;Ryan McChrystal.;Heidi Rennison.;Katherine Hughes.;Jim Lewsey.;Robert Lindsay.;Stuart McGurnaghan.;John Petrie.;Laurie A Tomlinson.;Sarah Wild.;Amanda Adler.;Naveed Sattar.;David M Phillippo.;Sofia Dias.;Nicky J Welton.;David A McAllister.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1062-1073页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, and SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is not clear whether efficacy varies by age or sex.
3. CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer: A Translational Science Review.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are T lymphocytes that are genetically engineered to express a synthetic receptor that recognizes a tumor cell surface antigen and causes the T cell to kill the tumor cell. CAR T treatments improve overall survival for patients with large B-cell lymphoma and progression-free survival for patients with multiple myeloma.
4. Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Daniel G Rayner.;Dario M Ferri.;Gordon H Guyatt.;Paul M O'Byrne.;Romina Brignardello-Petersen.;Farid Foroutan.;Bradley Chipps.;Kaharu Sumino.;Tamara T Perry.;Sharmilee Nyenhuis.;John Oppenheimer.;Elliot Israel.;Flavia Hoyte.;Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric.;Ellen McCabe.;Susana Rangel.;Lindsay E Shade.;Valerie G Press.;Lisa Hall.;Dia Sue-Wah-Sing.;Angel Melendez.;Hilarry Orr.;Tonya Winders.;Donna D Gardner.;Kathyrn Przywara.;Matthew A Rank.;Leonard B Bacharier.;Giselle Mosnaim.;Derek K Chu.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷2期143-152页
The optimal inhaled reliever therapy for asthma remains unclear.
5. Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review.
作者: Suhana Bedi.;Yutong Liu.;Lucy Orr-Ewing.;Dev Dash.;Sanmi Koyejo.;Alison Callahan.;Jason A Fries.;Michael Wornow.;Akshay Swaminathan.;Lisa Soleymani Lehmann.;Hyo Jung Hong.;Mehr Kashyap.;Akash R Chaurasia.;Nirav R Shah.;Karandeep Singh.;Troy Tazbaz.;Arnold Milstein.;Michael A Pfeffer.;Nigam H Shah.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷4期319-328页
Large language models (LLMs) can assist in various health care activities, but current evaluation approaches may not adequately identify the most useful application areas.
6. Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy, with an estimated 434 840 incident cases worldwide in 2022. In the US, it is the sixth most common cancer among males and ninth among females.
7. Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Mohd H Abdul-Aziz.;Naomi E Hammond.;Stephen J Brett.;Menino O Cotta.;Jan J De Waele.;Anthony Devaux.;Gian Luca Di Tanna.;Joel M Dulhunty.;Hatem Elkady.;Lars Eriksson.;M Shahnaz Hasan.;Ayesha Bibi Khan.;Jeffrey Lipman.;Xiaoqiu Liu.;Giacomo Monti.;John Myburgh.;Emmanuel Novy.;Shahed Omar.;Dorrilyn Rajbhandari.;Claire Roger.;Fredrik Sjövall.;Irene Zaghi.;Alberto Zangrillo.;Anthony Delaney.;Jason A Roberts.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷8期638-648页
There is uncertainty about whether prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics improve clinically important outcomes in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock.
8. Revisiting Race and the Benefit of RAS Blockade in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Li Shen.;Matthew M Y Lee.;Pardeep S Jhund.;Christopher B Granger.;Inder S Anand.;Aldo P Maggioni.;Marc A Pfeffer.;Scott D Solomon.;Karl Swedberg.;Salim Yusuf.;John J V McMurray.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2094-2104页
Concerns have arisen that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are less effective in Black patients than non-Black patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
9. Survival Benefit Associated With Participation in Clinical Trials of Anticancer Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Renata Iskander.;Hannah Moyer.;Karine Vigneault.;Salaheddin M Mahmud.;Jonathan Kimmelman.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2105-2113页
Many cancer clinical investigators view clinical trials as offering better care for patients than routine clinical care. However, definitive evidence of clinical benefit from trial participation (hereafter referred to as the participation effect) has yet to emerge.
10. Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments.
作者: Joshua D Wallach.;Samuel Yoon.;Harry Doernberg.;Laura R Glick.;Oriana Ciani.;Rod S Taylor.;Maryam Mooghali.;Reshma Ramachandran.;Joseph S Ross.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷19期1646-1654页
Surrogate markers are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials supporting drug approvals.
11. Cancer Stage Compared With Mortality as End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Xiaoshuang Feng.;Hana Zahed.;Justina Onwuka.;Matthew E J Callister.;Mattias Johansson.;Ruth Etzioni.;Hilary A Robbins.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷22期1910-1917页
Randomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence of stage III-IV cancer is a potential alternative end point that may accelerate completion of randomized clinical trials of cancer screening.
12. Cardiac Amyloidosis Due to Transthyretin Protein: A Review.
Systemic amyloidosis from transthyretin (ATTR) protein is the most common type of amyloidosis that causes cardiomyopathy.
13. Reporting of Factorial Randomized Trials: Extension of the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
作者: Brennan C Kahan.;Sophie S Hall.;Elaine M Beller.;Megan Birchenall.;An-Wen Chan.;Diana Elbourne.;Paul Little.;John Fletcher.;Robert M Golub.;Beatriz Goulao.;Sally Hopewell.;Nazrul Islam.;Merrick Zwarenstein.;Edmund Juszczak.;Alan A Montgomery.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷21期2106-2114页
Transparent reporting of randomized trials is essential to facilitate critical appraisal and interpretation of results. Factorial trials, in which 2 or more interventions are assessed in the same set of participants, have unique methodological considerations. However, reporting of factorial trials is suboptimal.
14. Obesity Management in Adults: A Review.
作者: Arielle Elmaleh-Sachs.;Jessica L Schwartz.;Carolyn T Bramante.;Jacinda M Nicklas.;Kimberly A Gudzune.;Melanie Jay.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷20期2000-2015页
Obesity affects approximately 42% of US adults and is associated with increased rates of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, osteoarthritis, and premature death.
15. Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Melissa McPheeters.;Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Sean Riley.;Sara M Kennedy.;Christiane Voisin.;Kaitlin Kuznacic.;Cory P Coffey.;Mark D Edlund.;Georgiy Bobashev.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷17期1653-1665页
Alcohol use disorder affects more than 28.3 million people in the United States and is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality.
16. Orthostatic Hypotension, Hypertension Treatment, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis.
作者: Stephen P Juraschek.;Jiun-Ruey Hu.;Jennifer L Cluett.;Anthony M Ishak.;Carol Mita.;Lewis A Lipsitz.;Lawrence J Appel.;Nigel S Beckett.;Ruth L Coleman.;William C Cushman.;Barry R Davis.;Greg Grandits.;Rury R Holman.;Edgar R Miller.;Ruth Peters.;Jan A Staessen.;Addison A Taylor.;Lutgarde Thijs.;Jackson T Wright.;Kenneth J Mukamal.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷15期1459-1471页
There are ongoing concerns about the benefits of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) treatment among adults with orthostatic hypotension or standing hypotension.
17. Hyperthyroidism: A Review.
Overt hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), affects approximately 0.2% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as low concentrations of thyrotropin and normal concentrations of T3 and FT4, affects approximately 0.7% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, osteoporosis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. It may lead to unintentional weight loss and is associated with increased mortality.
18. Adherence to CPAP Treatment and the Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis.
作者: Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre.;Esther Gracia-Lavedan.;Ivan D Benitez.;Alicia Sánchez-de-la-Torre.;Anna Moncusí-Moix.;Gerard Torres.;Kelly Loffler.;Richard Woodman.;Robert Adams.;Gonzalo Labarca.;Jorge Dreyse.;Christine Eulenburg.;Erik Thunström.;Helena Glantz.;Yüksel Peker.;Craig Anderson.;Doug McEvoy.;Ferran Barbé.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷13期1255-1265页
The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is highly debated.
19. Efficacy and Tolerability of Gefapixant for Treatment of Refractory or Unexplained Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
作者: Elena Kum.;Matthew Patel.;Nermin Diab.;Mustafaa Wahab.;Dena Zeraatkar.;Derek K Chu.;Paul M O'Byrne.;Gordon H Guyatt.;Imran Satia.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷14期1359-1369页
Gefapixant represents an emerging therapy for patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough.
20. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review.
Approximately 18.6 million people worldwide are affected by a diabetic foot ulcer each year, including 1.6 million people in the United States. These ulcers precede 80% of lower extremity amputations among people diagnosed with diabetes and are associated with an increased risk of death.
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