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1. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients With Mild-to-Severe COPD.
作者: Sophie É Collins.;Miranda Kirby.;Benjamin M Smith.;Zahrah H Rampuri.;Desi P Fuhr.;Samira Rowland.;Andrew R Brotto.;Rhonda J Rosychuk.;Stephanie Thompson.;Jason Weatherald.;Sean van Diepen.;Michael K Stickland.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1524-1535页
Patients with advanced COPD have pulmonary vascular dysfunction and destruction; thus, it is unclear whether they are responsive to selective pulmonary vasodilators.
2. Efficacy and Safety of Ensifentrine in Chinese Participants With COPD: The ENHANCE-CHINA Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Yumin Zhou.;Charlie Chen.;Zihui Wang.;Fan Wu.;Dongbo Tian.;Zuke Xiao.;Jie Cao.;Feng Xu.;Junzhen Gao.;Juan Chen.;Liping Peng.;Yuanrong Dai.;Limin Dong.;Yi Hu.;Ting Yang.;Chuntao Liu.;Limin Wang.;Xiao Liu.;Tiebo Yang.;Guoru Yang.;Dan Zhu.;Zonghui Wei.;Wei Gu.;Pixin Ran.;Nanshan Zhong.; .
来源: Chest. 2026年170卷1期88-100页
Ensifentrine, a novel phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitor, was shown to significantly improve lung function and reduced COPD exacerbations in previous trials in Western populations. However, efficacy and safety data on its use in Chinese participants with COPD remain limited.
3. OSA and Acute Coronary Syndrome Severity: The Potential Role of Coronary Collateral Circulation.
作者: Krish Dodani.;Albina Aldomà.;Adriano Targa.;Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre.;Alicia Sánchez-de-la-Torre.;Lucía Pinilla.;Jorge Abad.;Olga Mínguez.;Lydia Pascual.;Dolores Martínez.;Rafaela Vaca.;Ivan Juez-Garcia.;Ferran Barbé.;Ivan D Benitez.
来源: Chest. 2026年170卷2期543-551页
Some evidence suggests that OSA may attenuate myocardial injury and reduce infarct severity during acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), potentially through stimulation of coronary collateral circulation (CCC). However, the relationship between OSA and collateral development, and their combined impact on ACS event severity, remains unclear.
4. Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation for People in Uganda With Post-TB Lung Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Winceslaus Katagira.;Mark W Orme.;Richard Kasiita.;Jesse A Matheson.;Matthew Richardson.;Andy Barton.;Jalia Nanyonga.;Michael C Steiner.;Bruce Kirenga.;Sally J Singh.
来源: Chest. 2026年170卷1期54-65页
Post-TB lung disease (PTLD) causes significant disability in survivors of TB. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may offer effective disease management but lacks high-quality evidence in this underrepresented population.
5. Win Ratio Analysis to Clarify Clinical Benefits: A Post Hoc Analysis of Phase 3 BOREAS and NOTUS (Two Pivotal Studies to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Dupilumab in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe COPD With Type 2 Inflammation).
作者: Sanjay Ramakrishnan.;Nayia Petousi.;Jessica Bon.;Ian D Pavord.;Surya P Bhatt.;Klaus F Rabe.;Wenying Deng.;Changming Xia.;Jigna Heble.;Mena Soliman.;Simon Couillard.
来源: Chest. 2026年170卷1期76-87页
Clinical trials often assess multiple end points; however, many do not consider the value of composite end points. Although some evaluations of composite end points consider each outcome to be of equal importance, win ratio analysis ranks outcomes by clinical severity, prioritizing more serious events that have the biggest impact on patients.
6. Three-Year Outcomes of Proximal Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in OSA.
作者: Alan R Schwartz.;Ofer Jacobowitz.;Samuel A Mickelson.;Mitchell B Miller.;Arie Oliven.;Victor Certal.;Martin L Hopp.;David H Winslow.;Tod C Huntley.;Nathan E Nachlas.;Luu V Pham.;David W Eisele.;M Boyd Gillespie.;Brian H Weeks.;Eric G Lovett.;John Shen.;Atul Malhotra.;Joachim T Maurer.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷5期1357-1370页
Targeted proximal hypoglossal nerve stimulation was shown to improve sleep-disordered breathing, sleep architecture, and quality of life (QOL) with a favorable safety profile over 1 year in the Targeted Hypoglossal Stimulation 3 (THN3) randomized controlled trial. Herein, THN3 proximal hypoglossal nerve stimulation (pHGNS) 3-year safety and efficacy are profiled with reference to distal hypoglossal nerve stimulation (dHGNS) from the Stimulation Therapy for Apnea Reduction (STAR) trial.
7. Daily Physical Activity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Insights From a Multicenter Longitudinal Trial Using Accelerometry.
作者: Jasleen Minhas.;Haochang Shou.;Nadine Al-Naamani.;Rui Feng.;Roham Zamanian.;Todd Bull.;Murali Chakinala.;Anna Hemnes.;Jude Moutchia.;Stephen C Mathai.;Susan Ellenberg.;Corey Ventetuolo.;Steven M Kawut.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1660-1671页
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional assessments such as the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) may not adequately capture daily physical activity or patient experience in real-world settings.
8. Twelve-Month Follow-Up and Economic Evaluation of an Alternative Care Provider Clinic for Severe Sleep-Disordered Breathing.
作者: Erika D Penz.;Ada Ip-Buting.;Willis H Tsai.;Maria J Santana.;W Ward Flemons.;Kristin L Fraser.;Sachin R Pendharkar.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷6期1703-1716页
Use of nonphysician alternative care providers (ACPs) can improve timely access to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) care, and previous studies have demonstrated beneficial short-term clinical outcomes. Longer-term clinical and economic impacts of an ACP model for patients with severe SDB have not been evaluated.
9. The Effects of Targeted Mild Hypercapnia on Right Ventricular Function After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Substudy of the Targeted Therapeutic Mild Hypercapnia After Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest Trial.
作者: Mathias Baumann Melberg.;Susanne D Rootwelt.;Arnljot Flaa.;Geir Øystein Andersen.;Kjetil Sunde.;Glenn Eastwood.;Rinaldo Bellomo.;Theresa M Olasveengen.;Eirik Qvigstad.
来源: Chest. 2026年170卷1期105-117页
Targeting hypercapnia during invasive mechanical ventilation with subsequent respiratory acidosis may impair right ventricular (RV) function and cause RV failure. RV dysfunction is common after cardiac arrest and may be associated with poor outcomes.
10. Specialist Dietary Intervention in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Experiencing Unintentional Weight Loss: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Rasleen Kahai.;Gioele Castelli.;Fiammetta Danzo.;Luis Ferreira.;Arthihai Srirangan.;Matteo Morviducci.;Flavio Marco Mirabelli.;Punchalee Kaenmuang.;Cara Roberts.;Simon Bax.;Richard J Hewitt.;Maria Kokosi.;Felix Chua.;Vasileios Kouranos.;Philip L Molyneaux.;Peter M George.;Richard Gisli Jenkins.;Winston Banya.;Carmel J W Stock.;Steve Jones.;Gemma Korff.;Alastair Duncan.;Athol U Wells.;Piersante Sestini.;Elisabetta A Renzoni.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期687-697页
Weight loss in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD) is associated with poor prognosis, yet the impact of dietary input is unknown.
11. Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment.
作者: Elisa Perger.;Gianfranco Parati.;Andrea Faini.;Laura Gell.;Paola Faverio.;Fabrizio Luppi.;Simona Bertoli.;Amelia Brunani.;Elisabetta Bigagli.;Carolina Lombardi.;Luigi Taranto-Montemurro.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期527-537页
A subgroup of patients with obesity exhibits hypoventilation as a result of, among other mechanisms, a narrow, collapsible upper airway (UA), a reduced ventilatory drive during both wakefulness and sleep, and the loss of pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep. These features characterize obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). If left untreated, OHS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Besides lifestyle modifications, positive airway pressure (PAP) is the only available treatment, and it is often not well tolerated. Drugs designed to activate UA muscles such as atomoxetine and to stimulate breathing such as acetazolamide represent a potential novel strategy for treating OHS.
12. Effect of Continuous High-Frequency Oscillation Therapy on Lung Aeration in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Impaired Consciousness: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Zhengyong Hu.;Xuehua Pu.;Rui Tang.;Min Zhou.;Weili Liu.;Jiaqiong Li.;Meifang Cui.;Ying Zhu.;Tao Yu.;Jiangquan Yu.;Xinhua Ma.;Huiqing Ge.;Qianghong Xu.;Yuxuan Wang.;Jinlei Ou.;Zenggan Guan.;Tao Chen.;Xueyan Yuan.;Mingjia Zheng.;Hongxing Wang.;Yi Yang.;Haibo Qiu.;Hui Chen.;Ling Liu.; .
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期665-675页
Atelectasis frequently occurs in patients with impaired consciousness who are being treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. It is mainly caused by secretion accumulation, which can lead to longer durations of ventilation and ICU stay.
13. Effectiveness of Health Communication Intervention to Improve Knowledge on Timeliness to Return for Annual Lung Cancer Screening: The Larch Trial.
作者: Karen J Wernli.;Melissa L Anderson.;Lorella Palazzo.;Casey Luce.;Nadejda Bezman.;Margaret Chin.;Hongyuan Gao.;James D Ralston.;Kristine Rogers.;Yu-Ru Su.;Matthew Triplette.;Lisa Carter-Bawa.;Anjali Vasavada.;Matthew Jordan.;Maximillian West.;Sabrina Boler.;Beverly B Green.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期550-561页
Many patients are unaware of the need to repeat lung cancer screening (LCS) annually despite shared decision-making. A health communication intervention was tested to improve patient knowledge, tobacco-related stigma, and self-efficacy in LCS.
14. Ceftriaxone to Prevent Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Resistome Assessment (PROTECT).
作者: David J Gagnon.;Kristin M Burkholder.;Alexandra J Weissman.;Richard R Riker.;Sergey Ryzhov.;Teresa L May.;John DiPalazzo.;Joanne T deKay.;Lacey Knudsen.;Meagan W Moore.;Nicholas A Pozzessere.;Mary Weatherbee.;Muriel Kelly.;Adane S Nigatu.;Joseph L Sevigny.;Stephen Simpson.;W Kelley Thomas.;Clifton W Callaway.;Bram J Geller.;Douglas B Sawyer.;David B Seder.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期115-127页
Antibiotic prophylaxis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces early-onset pneumonia. However, it has an uncertain impact on mortality and noninfectious outcomes, with ongoing concerns about the subsequent development of antibiotic resistance.
15. Association of Hypoxic Burden With Cardiovascular Events: A Risk Stratification Analysis of the Randomized Intervention With CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea Cohort.
作者: Yüksel Peker.;Yeliz Celik.;Andrey Zinchuk.;Scott A Sands.;Susan Redline.;Ali Azarbarzin.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1481-1493页
The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the standard measure of OSA, has limitations in reflecting disease severity.
16. Medical Thoracoscopy With vs Without Prior Artificial Pneumothorax for Patients With Minimal or Absent Pleural Effusion.
作者: Kaige Wang.;Liang Zhou.;Min Zhu.;Wei Zhang.;Zhengguang He.;Xiaowu Tan.;Xing Luo.;Lingfeng Min.;Feng Xu.;Jun Zeng.;Hao Qin.;Jun Wang.;Huizhen Liu.;Dan Liu.;Panwen Tian.;Luca Richeldi.;Weimin Li.;Fengming Luo.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期269-279页
Thoracoscopy guidelines recommend inducing artificial pneumothorax before medical thoracoscopy in patients with minimal or absent pleural effusion. Single-arm studies have demonstrated that nonartificial pneumothorax approaches reduce operative time and complication rates compared with artificial pneumothorax techniques in these patients. However, there is a lack of trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of performing artificial pneumothorax vs not performing it in these cases.
17. Ultrathin Bronchoscopy With Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound and Rapid On-Site Evaluation for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Factorial Trial.
作者: Erik Vakil.;Marc Fortin.;Anne V Gonzalez.;Laïla Samy.;Alex C Chee.;Elaine Dumoulin.;Marie Dvorakova.;Christopher A Hergott.;Moosa Khalil.;Noël Lampron.;Paul MacEachern.;Simon Martel.;Benjamin Shieh.;Mathieu Simon.;Thibaud Soumagne.;Tatjana Terzic.;Alain Tremblay.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷4期1034-1048页
The routine use of CT imaging and lung cancer screening has increased the identification of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Sampling may be needed for some nodules. Many new technologies are available to improve the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy for the sampling of PPLs, but few comparative trials exist. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) using an ultrathin bronchoscope (BF-MP190F; Olympus) with a non-ultrathin bronchoscope and to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with and without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).
18. Oxygen Saturation Targets and Neurologic Outcomes Following Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the Pragmatic Investigation of Optimal Oxygen Targets Trial.
作者: Stephanie C DeMasi.;Alexander T Clark.;Amelia L Muhs.;Jin H Han.;Kipp Shipley.;Jared J McKinney.;Li Wang.;Todd W Rice.;Ari Moskowitz.;Matthew E Prekker.;Nicholas J Johnson.;Wesley H Self.;Jonathan D Casey.;Matthew W Semler.;Kevin P Seitz.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷5期1131-1140页
More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience an out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest each year. Following resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest is uncertain.
19. Effect of Admilparant, a Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Antagonist, on Disease Progression in Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Michael Kreuter.;Toby M Maher.;Wim A Wuyts.;Claudia Valenzuela.;Mark Hamblin.;Sinae Kim.;Aditya Patel.;Brandon Elpers.;Luca Richeldi.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷3期677-687页
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.
20. Effect of Ventilator Mode on Ventilator-Free Days in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kevin P Seitz.;Bradley D Lloyd.;Li Wang.;Matthew S Shotwell.;Edward T Qian.;Amelia L Muhs.;Roger K Richardson.;J Craig Rooks.;Vanessa Hennings-Williams.;Claire E Sandoval.;Whitney D Richardson.;Tracy L Morgan.;Amber N Thompson.;Pamela G Hastings.;Terry P Ring.;Joanna L Stollings.;Erica M Talbot.;David J Krasinski.;Bailey R DeCoursey.;Tanya K Marvi.;Stephanie C DeMasi.;Kevin W Gibbs.;Wesley H Self.;Amanda S Mixon.;Todd W Rice.;Matthew W Semler.;Jonathan D Casey.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷4期912-923页
Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown.
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