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1. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2020 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.
作者: Michael S Saag.;Rajesh T Gandhi.;Jennifer F Hoy.;Raphael J Landovitz.;Melanie A Thompson.;Paul E Sax.;Davey M Smith.;Constance A Benson.;Susan P Buchbinder.;Carlos Del Rio.;Joseph J Eron.;Gerd Fätkenheuer.;Huldrych F Günthard.;Jean-Michel Molina.;Donna M Jacobsen.;Paul A Volberding.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷16期1651-1669页
Data on the use of antiretroviral drugs, including new drugs and formulations, for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection continue to guide optimal practices.
2. Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷18期1899-1909页
Excessive alcohol use is one of the most common causes of premature mortality in the United States. From 2006 to 2010, an estimated 88 000 alcohol-attributable deaths occurred annually in the United States, caused by both acute conditions (eg, injuries from motor vehicle collisions) and chronic conditions (eg, alcoholic liver disease). Alcohol use during pregnancy is also one of the major preventable causes of birth defects and developmental disabilities.
3. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;David C Grossman.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;Ann Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷16期1678-1687页
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and abuse of older or vulnerable adults are common in the United States but often remain undetected. In addition to the immediate effects of IPV, such as injury and death, there are other health consequences, many with long-term effects, including development of mental health conditions such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior; sexually transmitted infections; unintended pregnancy; and chronic pain and other disabilities. Long-term negative health effects from elder abuse include death, higher risk of nursing home placement, and adverse psychological consequences.
4. Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;David C Grossman.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷11期1163-1171页
More than 35% of men and 40% of women in the United States are obese. Obesity is associated with health problems such as increased risk for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, various types of cancer, gallstones, and disability. Obesity is also associated with an increased risk for death, particularly among adults younger than 65 years.
5. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷9期911-917页
Untreated syphilis infection in pregnant women can be transmitted to the fetus (congenital syphilis) at any time during pregnancy or at birth. Congenital syphilis is associated with stillbirth, neonatal death, and significant morbidity in infants (eg, bone deformities and neurologic impairment). After a steady decline from 2008 to 2012, cases of congenital syphilis markedly increased from 2012 to 2106, from 8.4 to 15.7 cases per 100 000 live births (an increase of 87%). At the same time, national rates of syphilis increased among women of reproductive age.
6. Screening for Cervical Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷7期674-686页
The number of deaths from cervical cancer in the United States has decreased substantially since the implementation of widespread cervical cancer screening and has declined from 2.8 to 2.3 deaths per 100 000 women from 2000 to 2015.
7. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷5期478-484页
Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), and its prevalence increases with age, affecting about 3% of men and 2% of women aged 65 to 69 years and about 10% of adults 85 years and older. Atrial fibrillation is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, increasing risk of stroke by as much as 5-fold. Approximately 20% of patients who have a stroke associated with atrial fibrillation are first diagnosed with atrial fibrillation at the time of stroke or shortly thereafter.
8. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.
作者: Michael S Saag.;Constance A Benson.;Rajesh T Gandhi.;Jennifer F Hoy.;Raphael J Landovitz.;Michael J Mugavero.;Paul E Sax.;Davey M Smith.;Melanie A Thompson.;Susan P Buchbinder.;Carlos Del Rio.;Joseph J Eron.;Gerd Fätkenheuer.;Huldrych F Günthard.;Jean-Michel Molina.;Donna M Jacobsen.;Paul A Volberding.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷4期379-396页
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of prevention and management of HIV infection.
9. Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷2期177-183页
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis in the lower limbs. It can impair walking and, in severe cases, can lead to tissue loss, infection, and amputation. In addition to morbidity directly caused by PAD, patients with PAD are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, because atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that also causes coronary and cerebrovascular events.
10. Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷3期272-280页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death among adults in the United States. Treatment to prevent CVD events by modifying risk factors is currently informed by the Framingham Risk Score, the Pooled Cohort Equations, or similar CVD risk assessment models. If current CVD risk assessment models could be improved by adding more risk factors, treatment might be better targeted, thereby maximizing the benefits and minimizing the harms.
11. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Pignone.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷24期2521-2531页
By 2020, approximately 12.3 million individuals in the United States older than 50 years are expected to have osteoporosis. Osteoporotic fractures, particularly hip fractures, are associated with limitations in ambulation, chronic pain and disability, loss of independence, and decreased quality of life, and 21% to 30% of patients who experience a hip fracture die within 1 year. The prevalence of primary osteoporosis (ie, osteoporosis without underlying disease) increases with age and differs by race/ethnicity. With the aging of the US population, the potential preventable burden is likely to increase in future years.
12. Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Electrocardiography: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷22期2308-2314页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which encompasses atherosclerotic conditions such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, is the most common cause of death among adults in the United States. Treatment to prevent CVD events by modifying risk factors is currently informed by CVD risk assessment with tools such as the Framingham Risk Score or the Pooled Cohort Equations, which stratify individual risk to inform treatment decisions.
13. Screening for Prostate Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Douglas K Owens.;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;Mark Ebell.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Albert L Siu.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷18期1901-1913页
In the United States, the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer is approximately 13%, and the lifetime risk of dying of prostate cancer is 2.5%. The median age of death from prostate cancer is 80 years. Many men with prostate cancer never experience symptoms and, without screening, would never know they have the disease. African American men and men with a family history of prostate cancer have an increased risk of prostate cancer compared with other men.
14. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Pignone.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷16期1696-1704页
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality among older adults in the United States. In 2014, 28.7% of community-dwelling adults 65 years or older reported falling, resulting in 29 million falls (37.5% of which needed medical treatment or restricted activity for a day or longer) and an estimated 33 000 deaths in 2015.
15. Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷15期1592-1599页
Because of the aging population, osteoporotic fractures are an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Approximately 2 million osteoporotic fractures occurred in the United States in 2005, and annual incidence is projected to increase to more than 3 million fractures by 2025. Within 1 year of experiencing a hip fracture, many patients are unable to walk independently, more than half require assistance with activities of daily living, and 20% to 30% of patients will die.
16. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷11期1134-1142页
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Although invasive melanoma accounts for only 2% of all skin cancer cases, it is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the 2 predominant types of nonmelanoma skin cancer, represent the vast majority of skin cancer cases.
17. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2018年319卷6期588-594页
With approximately 14 000 deaths per year, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death among US women and the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer. More than 95% of ovarian cancer deaths occur among women 45 years and older.
18. Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2017年318卷22期2224-2233页
Menopause occurs at a median age of 51.3 years, and the average US woman who reaches menopause is expected to live another 30 years. The prevalence and incidence of most chronic conditions, such as coronary heart disease, dementia, stroke, fractures, and breast cancer, increase with age; however, the excess risk for these conditions that can be attributed to menopause alone is uncertain. Since the publication of findings from the Women's Health Initiative that hormone therapy use is associated with serious adverse health effects in postmenopausal women, use of menopausal hormone therapy has declined.
19. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Susan J Curry.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2017年318卷9期836-844页
One of the most important causes of vision abnormalities in children is amblyopia (also known as "lazy eye"). Amblyopia is an alteration in the visual neural pathway in a child's developing brain that can lead to permanent vision loss in the affected eye. Among children younger than 6 years, 1% to 6% have amblyopia or its risk factors (strabismus, anisometropia, or both). Early identification of vision abnormalities could prevent the development of amblyopia.
20. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;David C Grossman.;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo.;Susan J Curry.;Michael J Barry.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Alex H Krist.;Ann E Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.
来源: JAMA. 2017年318卷2期167-174页
Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthful diet and physical activity have lower rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than those who do not. All persons, regardless of their risk status for cardiovascular disease (CVD), can gain health benefits from healthy eating behaviors and appropriate physical activity.
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