Lutetium-177 [177Lu]-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 improves overall survival and progression-free survival in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), whereas immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have limited activity. Preclinical evidence suggests radioligand therapy might induce immunogenic cell death that can be enhanced with ICIs. This study evaluates the activity and adverse event profile associated with multiple doses of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 with pembrolizumab.

Background: From 2019 July 15 to 2022 February 14, the REZOR study enrolled 369 treatment-naïve patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation). Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either rezivertinib (180 mg/d) plus gefitinib placebo or gefitinib (250 mg/d) plus rezivertinib placebo. Previous results demonstrated significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) with rezivertinib versus gefitinib and a favorable safety profile. Here, we update the analyses of central nervous system (CNS) outcomes in patients with baseline CNS metastases. Methods: All patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and each subsequent efficacy evaluation until radiological disease progression or any other treatment discontinuation criteria were met. EGFR mutation status was determined by testing using tissue or plasma samples during screening. Patients with stable, asymptomatic CNS metastasis were eligible for enrollment. The CNS full analysis set (cFAS) comprised patients with baseline CNS metastasis identified on magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated by blinded independent central review according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases criteria. Patients with measurable CNS target lesions formed the CNS evaluable-for-response set (cEFR). Results: As of the 2023 November 30 data cutoff, 159 patients had baseline CNS metastasis in the cFAS (rezivertinib: n = 81; gefitinib: n = 78) and 25 in the cEFR (rezivertinib: n = 12; gefitinib: n = 13) per blinded independent central review. In the cFAS, 59 CNS PFS events occurred (rezivertinib: n = 30; gefitinib: n = 29). Median CNS PFS was significantly longer with rezivertinib (24.9 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.5 months-not estimable [NE]) than with gefitinib (15.2 months; 95% CI, 10.5 months-NE), with a hazard ratio of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.99; P = 0.047). In the cEFR, the CNS objective response rate was 83.3% (95% CI, 51.6% to 97.9%) with rezivertinib and 76.9% (95% CI, 46.2% to 95.0%) with gefitinib (odds ratio = 1.50; 95% CI, 0.20 to 11.0; P = 0.690). No new safety findings were observed. Conclusions: Rezivertinib demonstrated a statistically significant superior CNS efficacy over gefitinib as first-line treatment in advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients with baseline CNS metastases. The safety profile was consistent with previous analyses. Trial registration: NCT03866499 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

To determine the pre-specified long term efficacy (survival and swallowing function) and safety of medial retropharyngeal lymph node (MRLN) region sparing radiotherapy for non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy has reshaped metastatic gastric cancer (GC) treatment, improving response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. We aimed to explore circulating immune cells and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of pembrolizumab and capecitabine/oxaliplatin (XELOX) in patients with metastatic GC. Potential immune mechanisms in GC tumors were retrospectively examined among patients from our phase 2 chemoimmunotherapy trial. Peripheral blood samples from patients with GC undergoing first-line pembrolizumab plus XELOX therapy were monitored using high-dimensional cytometry. Matched paired-tissue single-cell RNA-seq data were analyzed. Samples were collected from 24 patients at baseline, after one cycle of XELOX (FU1), and 18 weeks after pembrolizumab addition (FU2). Natural killer cell (CD3-NCAM +) and myeloid cell (CD11c + or CD14 +) subsets increased during chemoimmunotherapy.-At FU1, the proportion of PBMC monocytes was significantly higher in responders compared to non-responders. Consistent with the increase in monocyte-derived macrophages (M1-like) in paired tissues, monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased at FU1. Immunosenescence score revealed recently mobilized monocytes infiltrating the tumor bed after chemotherapy. Gene expression analysis showed significantly upregulated CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL4 in FU1 responders. Early elevation of circulating monocytes correlated with better survival. After adding pembrolizumab, memory CD8 (CD3 + CD8 + CD27 + CD28 + CD45RO +) T cells increased in responders compared to non-responders. Our results elucidate the serial immunological landscape underpinning favorable responses to first-line ICI plus chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Early distinct changes in blood myeloid cells during chemotherapy can be used to assess clinical response.

Although radical perineal prostatectomy is performed less frequently, it represents a minimally invasive open approach that avoids the retropubic space and extensive pelvic dissection. Its longterm oncologic and functional equivalence to standard retropubic prostatectomy has not been adequately evaluated in randomized cohorts.

DHP107 is an oral paclitaxel enabling administration of paclitaxel without Cremophor EL, a vehicle used to improve the solubility of intravenous (IV) paclitaxel. The randomized phase II OPERA study investigated the efficacy and safety of DHP107 versus IV paclitaxel in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy can lessen side effects from treatment and are currently the standard of care for locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC). The boost radiation can be delivered as a sequential or simultaneous integrated boost. Whether they differ in improving locoregional control or toxicity is largely unknown. In the current study, we prospectively compared two types of IMRT for non-nasopharyngeal LAHNC: sequential IMRT (SEQ-IMRT) and simultaneous integrated boost IMRT (SIB-IMRT).

While probiotics show promise in reducing chemoradiotherapy side effects like oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients, robust clinical evidence of their consistent effectiveness is still needed. The objectives of this study were to compare the incidence and severity of oral mucositis, dysphagia, and compliance of radiotherapy treatment between the study arm (oral probiotics, along with concurrent chemoradiotherapy) and the control arm (concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone) in patients of locally advanced carcinoma oropharynx.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Surgical resection of the breast mass could induce an inflammatory response, which increases cytokines, such as interleukin IL beta-1 and IL-6. These mediators lead to peripheral and central sensitization and induce hyperalgesia. In this study, we hypothesized that perioperative lidocaine infusion could not only reduce serum interleukin levels but also reduce postoperative pain severity.

Loss of appetite and weight loss are major concerns in patients with pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of corticosteroid therapy with weight change and appetite in the long term, in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

It has been suggested that baseline tumor burden may correlate with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) outcome for individual tumor types in which ICIs are standardly used. The authors investigated whether pretreatment tumor burden correlates with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and tumor regression among patients who had rare cancers treated with dual ICIs.

Despite adjuvant systemic chemotherapy after surgical resection in patients with pT4 stage colon cancer, a high percentage of them will develop peritoneal metastases. Intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment option with the goal of preventing metachronous peritoneal metastases. The aim of this study was to report the longer-term outcomes of peritoneal control with the use of intraoperative HIPEC based on mitomycin C after the last enrolled patient of the HIPECT4 trial reached 36 months follow-up.

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by a high recurrence rate and poor postoperative prognosis, despite advances in adjuvant therapy. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel adjuvant regimen combining envafolimab, lenvatinib, and capecitabine in patients with BTC at high risk of recurrence following R0 resection.

LINKER-MM1 (NCT03761108) is a Phase 1/2 study of linvoseltamab, a human BCMA×CD3 bispecific antibody for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who are triple-class exposed (TCE) with ≥ 3 prior lines of therapy (3L+), or triple-class refractory (TCR). To contextualize efficacy data from LINKER-MM1, the Phase 2 linvoseltamab 200 mg cohort (N = 105) was compared with an international external control arm (ECA) comprising 203 patients from participating International Myeloma Working Group sites who met LINKER-MM1 eligibility criteria based on chart reviews. The ECA reflected real-world standard-of-care (RW SOC). An independent data review committee assessed data relevance, quality, and cohort comparability, while a separate independent central review committee evaluated response data. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance baseline characteristics between the linvoseltamab arm and the ECA. Linvoseltamab had a higher objective response rate (weighted odds ratio 3.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-4.1]) and longer median progression-free survival (weighted hazard ratio [wHR] 0.33 [95% CI: 0.28-0.40]), time to next treatment (wHR 0.34 [95% CI: 0.29-0.44]), and overall survival (wHR 0.72 [95% CI: 0.58-0.98]) than RW SOC. These findings highlight linvoseltamab's potential as an effective treatment for 3L+ and TCE/TCR RRMM.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition (PARPi) is a precision medicine strategy in advanced prostate cancer, with the greatest benefit seen in a subset of patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations. Combination approaches may expand activity beyond HRR-altered disease. We conducted a phase 2 study of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab in an HRR-unselected population of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Standard adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer consists of a fluoropyrimidine-plus-oxaliplatin regimen. Whether the addition of atezolizumab (an anti-programmed death ligand 1 agent) to a modified FOLFOX6 regimen (fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin; called mFOLFOX6) would improve outcomes in patients with stage III colon cancer with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) status is unclear.

Perioperative pembrolizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved outcomes versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone in early-stage, resectable, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-671 study. We report outcomes in participants with baseline clinical stage II disease.

SHR-A1811, an antibody‒drug conjugate consisting of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab conjugated via a cleavable linker to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, demonstrated substantial antitumor activity in patients with heavily treated HER2-expressing or mutated advanced solid tumors. The main analysis was reported, and this is a long-term follow-up of the HORIZON-X trial (NCT04446260). This global, multicenter, first-in-human, phase 1 trial enrolled patients aged ≥ 18 years with unresectable, advanced, or metastatic HER2-expressing or mutated solid tumors refractory or intolerant to standard therapies across 38 hospitals. SHR-A1811 was administered intravenously at doses ranging from 1.0 to 8.0 mg/kg every three weeks. The primary endpoints included dose-limiting toxicity, safety, and the recommended phase 2 dose. From September 7, 2020, to June 4, 2024, 396 patients with a median of three prior treatment regimens (IQR 2-5) received SHR-A1811. As of March 12, 2025, the median follow-up was 17.1 months for HER2-positive breast cancer, 10.6 months for HER2-low expressing breast cancer, and 4.3 to 8.2 months in non-breast cancers. The safety profile remained consistent with that of previous reports. Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events occurred in 261 patients (65.9%), and any grade interstitial lung disease was observed in 10 patients (2.5%). The median progression-free survival was 25.0 months (95% CI 17.2-33.6) for HER2-positive breast cancer, 11.0 months (95% CI 8.2-13.8) for HER2-low expressing breast cancer, and 3.5 to 17.2 months for non-breast tumors. This final analysis further confirmed the long-term efficacy and favorable safety profile of SHR-A1811 among heavily prior-treated advanced solid tumors, reinforcing its potential as an effective HER2-targeted therapy.

To investigate long-term outcomes for triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients enrolled in JBCRG-22.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden globally and in China, where 3%-5% of cases involve the BRAFV600E mutation, which is associated with aggressive disease and therefore a poor prognosis. Although the combination of encorafenib and cetuximab has demonstrated improved survival in BRAFV600E mutant metastatic CRC (mCRC), such treatments remain unavailable as chemotherapy-free options in China.