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1. Intratracheal Budesonide Mixed With Surfactant for Extremely Preterm Infants: The PLUSS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Brett J Manley.;C Omar F Kamlin.;Susan M Donath.;Kate L Francis.;Jeanie L Y Cheong.;Peter A Dargaville.;Jennifer A Dawson.;Susan E Jacobs.;Pita Birch.;Steven M Resnick.;Georg M Schmölzer.;Brenda Law.;Risha Bhatia.;Katinka P Bach.;Koert de Waal.;Javeed N Travadi.;Pieter J Koorts.;Mary J Berry.;Kei Lui.;Victor S Rajadurai.;Suresh Chandran.;Martin Kluckow.;Elza Cloete.;Margaret M Broom.;Michael J Stark.;Adrienne Gordon.;Vinayak Kodur.;Lex W Doyle.;Peter G Davis.;Christopher J D McKinlay.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷22期1889-1899页
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common adverse outcome in extremely preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation. Systemic corticosteroids are effective against BPD but may be associated with adverse outcomes. Corticosteroids given directly into the lungs may be effective and safer.
2. A Digital Health Behavior Intervention to Prevent Childhood Obesity: The Greenlight Plus Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: William J Heerman.;Russell L Rothman.;Lee M Sanders.;Jonathan S Schildcrout.;Kori B Flower.;Alan M Delamater.;Melissa C Kay.;Charles T Wood.;Rachel S Gross.;Aihua Bian.;Laura E Adams.;Evan C Sommer.;H Shonna Yin.;Eliana M Perrin.; .;Belen de la Barrera.;Malakha Bility.;Michelle Cruz Jimenez Smith.;Evelyn F Cruzatte.;Gabriela Guevara.;Janna B Howard.;Jacarra Lampkin.;Colin J Orr.;Jennifer Pilotos McBride.;Lourdes Quintana Forster.;Kimberly S Ramirez.;Javier Rodriguez.;Samantha Schilling.;W Elizabeth Shepard.;Altagracia Soto.;Jessica J Velazquez.;Shelby Wallace.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷24期2068-2080页
Infant growth predicts long-term obesity and cardiovascular disease. Previous interventions designed to prevent obesity in the first 2 years of life have been largely unsuccessful. Obesity prevalence is high among traditional racial and ethnic minority groups.
3. Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis: The EVOLVED Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Krithika Loganath.;Neil J Craig.;Russell J Everett.;Rong Bing.;Vasiliki Tsampasian.;Patrycja Molek.;Simona Botezatu.;Saadia Aslam.;Steff Lewis.;Catriona Graham.;Audrey C White.;Tom MacGillivray.;Christopher E Tuck.;Phillip Rayson.;Denise Cranley.;Sian Irvine.;Ruth Armstrong.;Lynsey Milne.;Calvin W L Chin.;Graham S Hillis.;Timothy Fairbairn.;John P Greenwood.;Richard Steeds.;Stephen J Leslie.;Chim C Lang.;Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci.;Nikhil V Joshi.;Vijay Kunadian.;Vassilios S Vassiliou.;Jason N Dungu.;Sandeep S Hothi.;Nicholas Boon.;Sanjay K Prasad.;Niall G Keenan.;Dana Dawson.;Thomas A Treibel.;Mani Motwani.;Christopher A Miller.;Nicholas L Mills.;Ronak Rajani.;David P Ripley.;Gerry P McCann.;Bernard Prendergast.;Anvesha Singh.;David E Newby.;Marc R Dweck.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷3期213-221页
Development of myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic stenosis precedes left ventricular decompensation and is associated with an adverse long-term prognosis.
4. Early, Individualized Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Abinet M Aklilu.;Steven Menez.;Megan L Baker.;Dannielle Brown.;Katie K Dircksen.;Kisha A Dunkley.;Simon Correa Gaviria.;Salia Farrokh.;Sophia C Faulkner.;Charles Jones.;Bashar A Kadhim.;Dustin Le.;Fan Li.;Amrita Makhijani.;Melissa Martin.;Dennis G Moledina.;Claudia Coronel-Moreno.;Kyle D O'Connor.;Kyra Shelton.;Kristina Shvets.;Nityasree Srialluri.;Jia Wei Tan.;Jeffrey M Testani.;Celia P Corona-Villalobos.;Yu Yamamoto.;Chirag R Parikh.;F Perry Wilson.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷24期2081-2090页
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication during hospitalization and is associated with adverse outcomes.
5. Three vs 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy for High-Risk Retinoblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Huijing Ye.;Kang Xue.;Ping Zhang.;Rongxin Chen.;Xiaowen Zhai.;Li Ling.;Wei Xiao.;Lijuan Tang.;Hongsheng Wang.;Yuxiang Mao.;Siming Ai.;Yingwen Bi.;Qing Liu.;Yusha Zou.;Jiang Qian.;Huasheng Yang.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷19期1634-1641页
Adjuvant therapy is an important and effective treatment for retinoblastoma. However, there is a lack of head-to-head clinical trials comparing 3 vs 6 cycles of CEV chemotherapy (carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine) for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.
6. Electronic Nudges to Increase Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Niklas Dyrby Johansen.;Muthiah Vaduganathan.;Ankeet S Bhatt.;Daniel Modin.;Safia Chatur.;Brian L Claggett.;Kira Hyldekær Janstrup.;Carsten Schade Larsen.;Lykke Larsen.;Lothar Wiese.;Michael Dalager-Pedersen.;Lars Køber.;Scott D Solomon.;Pradeesh Sivapalan.;Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen.;Cyril Jean-Marie Martel.;Tyra Grove Krause.;Tor Biering-Sørensen.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷22期1900-1911页
Despite strong worldwide guideline recommendations, influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal among young and middle-aged patients with chronic diseases. Effective scalable strategies to increase vaccination are needed.
7. Effect of Tele-ICU on Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients: The TELESCOPE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Adriano J Pereira.;Danilo T Noritomi.;Maura Cristina Dos Santos.;Thiago D Corrêa.;Leonardo J R Ferraz.;Guilherme P P Schettino.;Eduardo Cordioli.;Renata A Morbeck.;Lúbia C Morais.;Jorge I F Salluh.;Luciano C P Azevedo.;Rodrigo S Biondi.;Regis G Rosa.;Alexandre B Cavalcanti.;Otavio Berwanger.;Ary Serpa Neto.;Otavio T Ranzani.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷21期1798-1807页
Despite its implementation in several countries, there has not been a randomized clinical trial to assess whether telemedicine in intensive care units (ICUs) could improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients.
8. Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Fabio Silvio Taccone.;Carla Bittencourt Rynkowski.;Kirsten Møller.;Piet Lormans.;Manuel Quintana-Díaz.;Anselmo Caricato.;Marco Antonio Cardoso Ferreira.;Rafael Badenes.;Pedro Kurtz.;Christian Baastrup Søndergaard.;Kirsten Colpaert.;Leticia Petterson.;Herve Quintard.;Raphael Cinotti.;Elisa Gouvêa Bogossian.;Cassia Righy.;Serena Silva.;Erik Roman-Pognuz.;Catherine Vandewaeter.;Daniel Lemke.;Olivier Huet.;Ata Mahmoodpoor.;Aaron Blandino Ortiz.;Mathieu van der Jagt.;Russell Chabanne.;Walter Videtta.;Pierre Bouzat.;Jean-Louis Vincent.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷19期1623-1633页
Blood transfusions are commonly administered to patients with acute brain injury. The optimal hemoglobin transfusion threshold is uncertain in this patient population.
9. Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: The SIRAKI02 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Xosé Pérez-Fernández.;Arnau Ulsamer.;María Cámara-Rosell.;Fabrizio Sbraga.;Enric Boza-Hernández.;Enrique Moret-Ruíz.;Erika Plata-Menchaca.;Doménech Santiago-Bautista.;Patricia Boronat-García.;Víctor Gumucio-Sanguino.;Judith Peñafiel-Muñoz.;Mercedes Camacho-Pérez.;Antoni Betbesé-Roig.;Lui Forni.;Ana Campos-Gómez.;Joan Sabater-Riera.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷17期1446-1454页
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) remains a significant problem following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Various strategies are proposed to attenuate CSA-AKI, including extracorporeal blood purification (EBP), but little is known about the effect of EBP through an acrylonitrile-sodium methallylsulfonate/polyethyleneimine membrane during CPB.
10. Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Karen E A Burns.;Jessica Wong.;Leena Rizvi.;Myriam Lafreniere-Roula.;Kevin Thorpe.;John W Devlin.;Deborah J Cook.;Andrew Seely.;Peter M Dodek.;Maged Tanios.;Thomas Piraino.;Audrey Gouskos.;Kenneth C Kiedrowski.;Phyllis Kay.;Susan Mitchell.;George W Merner.;Michael Mayette.;Frederick D'Aragon.;Francois Lamontagne.;Bram Rochwerg.;Alexis Turgeon.;Ying Tung Sia.;Emmanuel Charbonney.;Pierre Aslanian.;Gerard J Criner.;Robert C Hyzy.;Jeremy R Beitler.;Elias Baedorf Kassis.;Demetrios James Kutsogiannis.;Maureen O Meade.;Janice Liebler.;Santhi Iyer-Kumar.;Jennifer Tsang.;Robert Cirone.;Carl Shanholtz.;Nicholas S Hill.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷21期1808-1821页
The optimal screening frequency and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) technique to liberate adults from ventilators are unknown.
11. Assessment of Antitachycardia Pacing in Primary Prevention Patients: The APPRAISE ATP Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Claudio Schuger.;Boyoung Joung.;Kenji Ando.;Lluís Mont.;Pier D Lambiase.;Gilles E O'Hara.;John M Jennings.;Derek Yung.;Giuseppe Boriani.;Jonathan P Piccini.;Nicholas Wold.;Kenneth M Stein.;James P Daubert.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷20期1723-1731页
The emergence of novel programming guidelines that reduce premature and inappropriate therapies along with the availability of new implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) technologies lacking traditional endocardial antitachycardia pacing (ATP) capabilities requires the reevaluation of ATP as a first strategy in terminating fast ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in primary prevention ICD recipients.
12. Screening for Helicobacter pylori to Prevent Gastric Cancer: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Yi-Chia Lee.;Tsung-Hsien Chiang.;Han-Mo Chiu.;Wei-Wen Su.;Kun-Ching Chou.;Sam Li-Sheng Chen.;Amy Ming-Fang Yen.;Jean Ching-Yuan Fann.;Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu.;Shu-Lin Chuang.;Yi-Ru Chen.;Shih-Dian Chen.;Tsung-Hui Hu.;Yi-Jen Fang.;Ming-Shiang Wu.;Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen.;Yen-Po Yeh.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷19期1642-1651页
Effects of screening for Helicobacter pylori on gastric cancer incidence and mortality are unknown.
13. Fever Prevention in Patients With Acute Vascular Brain Injury: The INTREPID Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: David M Greer.;Raimund Helbok.;Neeraj Badjatia.;Sang-Bae Ko.;Mary McKenna Guanci.;Kevin N Sheth.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷18期1525-1534页
Fever is associated with worse outcomes in patients with stroke, but whether preventing fever improves outcomes is unclear.
14. Effect of High-Intensity vs Low-Intensity Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Need for Endotracheal Intubation in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The HAPPEN Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Zujin Luo.;Yichong Li.;Wenjun Li.;Ying Li.;Qingrong Nie.;Yu Shi.;Juan Wang.;Qiuling Ji.;Xuefeng Han.;Sijie Liu.;Dongmei Li.;ShaSha Wang.;Zhijun Li.;Dong Jia.;Huiqing Ge.;Peifeng Xu.;Zhijun Feng.;Fengjie Li.;Fucheng An.;Na Tai.;Lili Yue.;Hongwei Xie.;Xiuhong Jin.;Hongru Liu.;Qiang Dang.;Yongxiang Zhang.;Li Sun.;Jinxiang Wang.;He Huang.;Liang Chen.;Yingmin Ma.;Zhixin Cao.;Chen Wang.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷20期1709-1722页
The effect of high-intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on the need for endotracheal intubation in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown.
15. Tenecteplase vs Alteplase for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ORIGINAL Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Xia Meng.;Shuya Li.;Hongguo Dai.;Guozhi Lu.;Weiwei Wang.;Fengyuan Che.;Yu Geng.;Minghui Sun.;Xiyan Li.;Hao Li.;Yongjun Wang.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷17期1437-1445页
Tenecteplase is a bioengineered variant of alteplase with greater fibrin specificity and a longer half-life, allowing single-bolus administration. Evidence on the treatment effect of tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is limited.
16. Balloon Angioplasty vs Medical Management for Intracranial Artery Stenosis: The BASIS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Xuan Sun.;Yiming Deng.;Yong Zhang.;Ming Yang.;Dapeng Sun.;Thanh N Nguyen.;Xu Tong.;Guangge Peng.;Aihua Liu.;Yun Xu.;Yunhu Wu.;Xiaokun Geng.;Yang Wang.;Tianxiao Li.;Shihui Xing.;Wei Wu.;Yunxiang Ji.;Hua Yang.;Shouchun Wang.;Xiaoping Gao.;Weimin Yang.;Xingquan Zhao.;Liping Liu.;Ning Ma.;Feng Gao.;Dapeng Mo.;Xiaochuan Huo.;Ligang Song.;Xiaoqing Li.;Jingbo Zhang.;Hongwei He.;Ming Lv.;Shiqing Mu.;Wengui Yu.;David S Liebeskind.;Sepideh Amin-Hanjani.;Yongjun Wang.;Yilong Wang.;Zhongrong Miao.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷13期1059-1069页
Previous randomized clinical trials did not demonstrate the superiority of endovascular stenting over aggressive medical management for patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS). However, balloon angioplasty has not been investigated in a randomized clinical trial.
17. Potassium Supplementation and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: The TIGHT K Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Benjamin O'Brien.;Niall G Campbell.;Elizabeth Allen.;Zahra Jamal.;Joanna Sturgess.;Julie Sanders.;Charles Opondo.;Neil Roberts.;Jonathan Aron.;Maria Rita Maccaroni.;Richard Gould.;Bilal H Kirmani.;Ben Gibbison.;Gudrun Kunst.;Alexander Zarbock.;Maren Kleine-Brüggeney.;Christian Stoppe.;Keith Pearce.;Mark Hughes.;Laura Van Dyck.;Richard Evans.;Hugh E Montgomery.;Diana Elbourne.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷12期979-988页
Supplementing potassium in an effort to maintain high-normal serum concentrations is a widespread strategy used to prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFACS), but is not evidence-based, carries risks, and is costly.
18. Low-Dose Triple-Pill vs Standard-Care Protocols for Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Dike B Ojji.;Abdul Salam.;Mahmoud U Sani.;Okechukwu S Ogah.;Aletta E Schutte.;Mark D Huffman.;Rashmi Pant.;Arpita Ghosh.;Rupasvi Dhurjati.;Josyula K Lakshmi.;Nanna R Ripiye.;Ikechukwu A Orji.;Shehu A Kana.;Tijjani Abdussalam.;Abdulgafar L Olawumi.;Isiaka M Alfa.;Olanike Allison Orimolade.;Moses O Ajayi.;Anthony Rodgers.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷13期1070-1079页
With the high burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need for effective, safe and scalable treatment strategies.
19. Continuation vs Discontinuation of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Before Major Noncardiac Surgery: The Stop-or-Not Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Matthieu Legrand.;Jérémy Falcone.;Bernard Cholley.;Hélène Charbonneau.;Amélie Delaporte.;Adrien Lemoine.;Matthias Garot.;Alexandre Joosten.;Claude Meistelman.;Delphine Cheron-Leroy.;Jean-Philippe Rives.;Bruno Pastene.;Antoine Dewitte.;Stéphanie Sigaut.;Marc Danguy des Deserts.;Cyrille Truc.;Matthieu Boisson.;Sigismond Lasocki.;Philippe Cuvillon.;Ugo Schiff.;Samir Jaber.;Morgan Le Guen.;Anaïs Caillard.;Stéphane Bar.;Edmundo Pereira de Souza Neto.;Vincent Colas.;Florin Dimache.;Thibaut Girardot.;Elsa Jozefowicz.;Simon Viquesnel.;Francis Berthier.;Eric Vicaut.;Etienne Gayat.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷12期970-978页
Before surgery, the best strategy for managing patients who are taking renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers) is unknown. The lack of evidence leads to conflicting guidelines.
20. Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection: The HeLiX Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paul J Karanicolas.;Yulia Lin.;Stuart A McCluskey.;Jordan Tarshis.;Kevin E Thorpe.;Alice Wei.;Elijah Dixon.;Geoff Porter.;Prosanto Chaudhury.;Sulaiman Nanji.;Leyo Ruo.;Melanie E Tsang.;Anton Skaro.;Gareth Eeson.;Sean Cleary.;Carol-Anne Moulton.;Chad G Ball.;Julie Hallet.;Natalie Coburn.;Pablo E Serrano.;Shiva Jayaraman.;Calvin Law.;Ved Tandan.;Gonzalo Sapisochin.;David Nagorney.;Douglas Quan.;Rory Smoot.;Steven Gallinger.;Peter Metrakos.;Trevor W Reichman.;Diederick Jalink.;Sean Bennett.;Francis Sutherland.;Edward Solano.;Michele Molinari.;Ephraim S Tang.;Susanne G Warner.;Oliver F Bathe.;Jeffrey Barkun.;Michael L Kendrick.;Mark Truty.;Rachel Roke.;Grace Xu.;Myriam Lafreniere-Roula.;Gordon Guyatt.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷13期1080-1089页
Tranexamic acid reduces bleeding and blood transfusion in many types of surgery, but its effect in patients undergoing liver resection for a cancer-related indication remains unclear.
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