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1. Camrelizumab vs Placebo in Combination With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Early or Locally Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The CamRelief Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Li Chen.;Hui Li.;Hao Zhang.;Huawei Yang.;Jun Qian.;Zhihua Li.;Yu Ren.;Shu Wang.;Peifen Fu.;Hongjian Yang.;Yunjiang Liu.;Jing Sun.;Jianyun Nie.;Ruiwen Lei.;Yongzhong Yao.;Anqin Zhang.;Shouman Wang.;Xiaopeng Ma.;Zhong Ouyang.;Hongwei Yang.;Song-Yang Wu.;Shuo-Wen Cao.;Kun Wang.;Aimei Jiang.;Quchang Ouyang.;Da Pang.;Limin Wei.;Xiaoming Zha.;Yu Shen.;Xiangwen Qu.;Fei Wu.;Xiaoyu Zhu.;Zhonghua Wang.;Lei Fan.;Zhi-Ming Shao.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷8期673-681页
Preferred neoadjuvant strategies for early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer include a 4-drug chemotherapy regimen containing anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, taxanes, and platinum. Blockade of the programmed death receptor 1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway may improve efficacy of classic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, has showed antitumor activity in advanced triple-negative breast cancer.
2. Active Monitoring With or Without Endocrine Therapy for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: The COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: E Shelley Hwang.;Terry Hyslop.;Thomas Lynch.;Marc D Ryser.;Anna Weiss.;Anna Wolf.;Kelsey Norris.;Meredith Witten.;Lars Grimm.;Stuart Schnitt.;Sunil Badve.;Rachel Factor.;Elizabeth Frank.;Deborah Collyar.;Desiree Basila.;Donna Pinto.;Mark A Watson.;Robert West.;Louise Davies.;Jenny L Donovan.;Ayako Shimada.;Yutong Li.;Yan Li.;Antonia V Bennett.;Shoshana Rosenberg.;Jeffrey Marks.;Eric Winer.;Marc Boisvert.;Armando Giuliano.;Kelsey E Larson.;Kathleen Yost.;Priscilla F McAuliffe.;Amy Krie.;Nina Tamirisa.;Lisa A Carey.;Alastair M Thompson.;Ann H Partridge.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷11期972-980页
Active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been proposed as an alternative to guideline-concordant care, but the safety of this approach is unknown.
3. Early Restrictive vs Liberal Oxygen for Trauma Patients: The TRAUMOX2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Tobias Arleth.;Josefine Baekgaard.;Volkert Siersma.;Andreas Creutzburg.;Felicia Dinesen.;Oscar Rosenkrantz.;Johan Heiberg.;Dan Isbye.;Søren Mikkelsen.;Peter M Hansen.;Stine T Zwisler.;Søren Darling.;Louise B Petersen.;Maria C R Mørkeberg.;Mikkel Andersen.;Christian Fenger-Eriksen.;Peder T Bach.;Mark G Van Vledder.;Esther M M Van Lieshout.;Niki A Ottenhof.;Iscander M Maissan.;Dennis Den Hartog.;Wolf E Hautz.;Dominik A Jakob.;Manuela Iten.;Matthias Haenggi.;Roland Albrecht.;Jochen Hinkelbein.;Markus Klimek.;Lars S Rasmussen.;Jacob Steinmetz.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷6期479-489页
Early administration of supplemental oxygen for all severely injured trauma patients is recommended, but liberal oxygen treatment has been associated with increased risk of death and respiratory complications.
4. Electronic Sepsis Screening Among Patients Admitted to Hospital Wards: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.
作者: Yaseen M Arabi.;Abdulmohsen Alsaawi.;Mohammed Alzahrani.;Ali M Al Khathaami.;Raed H AlHazme.;Abdullah Al Mutrafy.;Ali Al Qarni.;Ramesh Kumar Vishwakarma.;Rasha Al Anazi.;Eman Al Qasim.;Sheryl Ann Abdukahil.;Fawaz K Al-Rabeah.;Huda Al Ghamdi.;Abdulaleem Alatassi.;Hasan M Al-Dorzi.;Fahad Al-Hameed.;Razan Babakr.;Abdulaziz A Alghamdi.;Salih Bin Salih.;Ahmad Alharbi.;Mufareh Edah AlKatheri.;Hani Mustafa.;Saad Al-Qahtani.;Shaher Al Qahtani.;Nahar Alselaim.;Nabiha Tashkandi.;Ali H Alyami.;Zeyad Alyousef.;Omar AlDibasi.;Abdul Hadi Al-Qahtani.;Abdulaziz Aldawood.;Angela Caswell.;Nouf Al Ayadhi.;Hadeel Al Rehaili.;Ahmed Al Arfaj.;Hatami Al Mubarak.;Turki Alwasaidi.;Saleh Zahrani.;Yousef Alalawi.;Abdulrahman Alhadab.;Tariq Nasser.;Tagwa Omer.;Sameera M Al Johani.;Abdulaziz Alajlan.;Musharaf Sadat.;Mohammed Alzunitan.;Saad Al Mohrij.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷9期763-773页
Sepsis screening is recommended among hospitalized patients but is supported by limited evidence of effectiveness.
5. High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: The RENOVATE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Israel S Maia.;Letícia Kawano-Dourado.;Lucas Tramujas.;Neymar Elias de Oliveira.;Rafael Naoki Souza.;Dhaisi Faustino Signorini.;Mariangela Pimentel Pincelli.;Cássio Luis Zandonai.;Regiane Tamires Blasius.;Fabrício Freires.;Vanessa Marques Ferreira.;Marcelo Luz Pereira Romano.;Mieko Claudia Miura.;Caroline Maschio de Censo.;Eliana Bernadete Caser.;Betania Silva.;Daniela Correia Santos Bonomo.;Jussara Alencar Arraes.;Meton Soares de Alencar Filho.;Jacques Gabriel Álvares Horta.;Déborah Campos Oliveira.;Emerson Boschi.;Rafael Lessa Costa.;Glauco Adrieno Westphal.;Juliano Ramos.;Fábio Holanda Lacerda.;Conrado Roberto Hoffmann Filho.;Bruno Valle Pinheiro.;Leonardo Bugarin de Andrade Neumamm.;Mário Roberto Rezende Guimarães Júnior.;Davi Tamamaru de Souza.;Juliana Carvalho Ferreira.;Louis Nakayama Ohe.;Daniel Almeida Schettini.;Marlus Muri Thompson.;Maria Cristina França de Oliveira.;Viviane Cordeiro Veiga.;Karina L Negrelli.;Renato H N Santos.;Lucas Damiani.;Rodrigo M Gurgel.;Samara P C Gomes.;Lucas M Lima.;Tamiris A Miranda.;Ligia N Laranjeira.;Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros E Silva.;Flávia R Machado.;Mark Fitzgerald.;Anna Bosse.;Joe Marion.;Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho.;Laurent Brochard.;Roger J Lewis.;Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷10期875-890页
High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are commonly used respiratory support therapies for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).
6. Biomarker-Guided Antibiotic Duration for Hospitalized Patients With Suspected Sepsis: The ADAPT-Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paul Dark.;Anower Hossain.;Daniel F McAuley.;David Brealey.;Gordon Carlson.;Jonathan C Clayton.;Timothy W Felton.;Belinder K Ghuman.;Anthony C Gordon.;Thomas P Hellyer.;Nazir I Lone.;Uzma Manazar.;Gillian Richards.;Iain J McCullagh.;Ronan McMullan.;James J McNamee.;Hannah C McNeil.;Paul R Mouncey.;Micheal J Naisbitt.;Robert J Parker.;Ruth L Poole.;Anthony J Rostron.;Mervyn Singer.;Matt D Stevenson.;Tim S Walsh.;Ingeborg D Welters.;Tony Whitehouse.;Simon Whiteley.;Peter Wilson.;Keith K Young.;Gavin D Perkins.;Ranjit Lall.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷8期682-693页
For hospitalized critically ill adults with suspected sepsis, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) monitoring protocols can guide the duration of antibiotic therapy, but the evidence of the effect and safety of these protocols remains uncertain.
7. Personalized Patient Data and Behavioral Nudges to Improve Adherence to Chronic Cardiovascular Medications: A Randomized Pragmatic Trial.
作者: P Michael Ho.;Thomas J Glorioso.;Larry A Allen.;Richard Blankenhorn.;Russell E Glasgow.;Gary K Grunwald.;Amber Khanna.;David J Magid.;Joel C Marrs.;Sylvie Novins-Montague.;Steven Orlando.;Pamela Peterson.;Mary E Plomondon.;Lisa M Sandy.;Joseph J Saseen.;Katy E Trinkley.;Shawni Vaughn.;Joy Waughtal.;Sheana Bull.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷1期49-59页
Poor medication adherence is common. Text messaging is increasingly used to change patient behavior but often not rigorously tested.
8. HepB-CpG vs HepB-Alum Vaccine in People With HIV and Prior Vaccine Nonresponse: The BEe-HIVe Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kristen M Marks.;Minhee Kang.;Triin Umbleja.;Andrea Cox.;Karen J Vigil.;Ngan T Ta.;Ayotunde Omoz-Oarhe.;Hugo Perazzo.;Josphat Kosgei.;Timothy Hatlen.;Jennifer Price.;Leolin Katsidzira.;Khuanchai Supparatpinyo.;Kevin Knowles.;Beverly L Alston-Smith.;Parita Rathod.;Kenneth E Sherman.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷4期295-306页
Nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine is common among people with HIV, resulting in vulnerability to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV).
9. Intravenous Lidocaine for Gut Function Recovery in Colonic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Hugh Paterson.;Thenmalar Vadiveloo.;Karen Innes.;Angie Balfour.;Marek Atter.;Andrew Stoddart.;Seonaidh Cotton.;Robert Arnott.;Lorna Aucott.;Zoe Batham.;Irwin Foo.;Graeme MacLennan.;Susan Nimmo.;Doug Speake.;John Norrie.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷1期39-48页
Despite the recovery advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques, delayed return of gut function after colectomy is a common barrier to timely discharge from hospital.
10. Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Severe Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation: The Tri.Fr Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Erwan Donal.;Julien Dreyfus.;Guillaume Leurent.;Augustin Coisne.;Pierre-Yves Leroux.;Anne Ganivet.;Catherine Sportouch.;Yoan Lavie-Badie.;Patrice Guerin.;Frédéric Rouleau.;Christelle Diakov.;Jan van der Heyden.;Stéphane Lafitte.;Jean-François Obadia.;Mohammed Nejjari.;Nicole Karam.;Anne Bernard.;Antoinette Neylon.;Romain Pierrard.;Didier Tchetche.;Said Ghostine.;Gregory Ducrocq.;Thiziri Si Moussi.;Antoine Jeu.;Marcel Peltier.;Bernard Cosyns.;Yvan Le Dolley.;Gilbert Habib.;Vincent Auffret.;Florent Le Ven.;François Picard.;Nicolas Piriou.;Thierry Laperche.;Elena Galli.;Sabina Istratoaie.;Jerome Jouan.;Guillaume Bonnet.;Pascal de Groote.;Amedeo Anselmi.;Jean-Noel Trochu.;Emmanuel Oger.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷2期124-132页
Correction of tricuspid regurgitation using tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) in addition to guideline-directed optimized medical therapy (OMT) may improve clinical outcomes.
11. Zerlasiran-A Small-Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Steven E Nissen.;Qiuqing Wang.;Stephen J Nicholls.;Ann Marie Navar.;Kausik K Ray.;Gregory G Schwartz.;Michael Szarek.;Erik S G Stroes.;Roland Troquay.;Jannick A N Dorresteijn.;Henry Fok.;David A Rider.;Steven Romano.;Kathy Wolski.;Curtis Rambaran.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷23期1992-2002页
Elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic stenosis.
12. Oral Muvalaplin for Lowering of Lipoprotein(a): A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stephen J Nicholls.;Wei Ni.;Grace M Rhodes.;Steven E Nissen.;Ann Marie Navar.;Laura F Michael.;Axel Haupt.;John H Krege.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷3期222-231页
Muvalaplin inhibits lipoprotein(a) formation. A 14-day phase 1 study demonstrated that muvalaplin was well tolerated and reduced lipoprotein(a) levels up to 65%. The effect of longer administration of muvalaplin on lipoprotein(a) levels in individuals at high cardiovascular risk remains uncertain.
13. Pulmonary Vein Isolation With Optimized Linear Ablation vs Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone for Persistent AF: The PROMPT-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Caihua Sang.;Qiang Liu.;Yiwei Lai.;Shijun Xia.;Ruhong Jiang.;Songnan Li.;Qi Guo.;Qifan Li.;Mingyang Gao.;Xueyuan Guo.;Lihong Huang.;Nian Liu.;Chenxi Jiang.;Song Zuo.;Xiaoxia Liu.;Mengmeng Li.;Weili Ge.;Shangming Song.;Lianghua Chen.;Shuanglun Xie.;Jiangang Zou.;Ke Chen.;Xiangfei Liu.;Hesheng Hu.;Xinhua Wang.;Jinlin Zhang.;Zhaojun Wang.;Chi Wang.;Liu He.;Chao Jiang.;Ribo Tang.;Ning Zhou.;Yunlong Wang.;Deyong Long.;Xin Du.;Chenyang Jiang.;Laurent Macle.;Jianzeng Dong.;Changsheng Ma.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷5期381-389页
Success rates of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) are modest for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Additional linear ablation beyond PVI has not been proved superior to PVI alone in randomized trials. Ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall (EIVOM) facilitates ablation at the mitral isthmus and may lead to improved effectiveness of a linear ablation strategy.
14. Tenofovir and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Calvin Q Pan.;Erhei Dai.;Zhongfu Mo.;Hua Zhang.;Thomas Q Zheng.;Yuming Wang.;Yingxia Liu.;Tianyan Chen.;Suwen Li.;Cuili Yang.;Jinjuan Wu.;Xiuli Chen.;Huaibin Zou.;Shanshan Mei.;Lin Zhu.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷5期390-399页
Standard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas.
15. Symptom Screening Linked to Care Pathways for Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: L Lee Dupuis.;Emily Vettese.;Allison C Grimes.;Melissa P Beauchemin.;Lisa M Klesges.;Christina Baggott.;Jenna Demedis.;Catherine Aftandilian.;David R Freyer.;Nicole Crellin-Parsons.;Etan Orgel.;David Dickens.;Kara M Kelly.;Wade Kyono.;Alexandra Walsh.;Farha Sherani.;Daniel Cannone.;Andrea D Orsey.;Allison A King.;Lolie Yu.;Wendy Woods-Swafford.;Scott M Bradfield.;Michael E Roth.;Adam J Esbenshade.;Emi H Caywood.;Vibhuti Agarwal.;Ramamoorthy Nagasubramanian.;George A Tomlinson.;Lillian Sung.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷23期1981-1991页
Pediatric patients with cancer commonly experience severely bothersome symptoms. The effectiveness of routine symptom screening with symptom feedback and symptom management care pathways is unknown.
16. Intratracheal Budesonide Mixed With Surfactant for Extremely Preterm Infants: The PLUSS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Brett J Manley.;C Omar F Kamlin.;Susan M Donath.;Kate L Francis.;Jeanie L Y Cheong.;Peter A Dargaville.;Jennifer A Dawson.;Susan E Jacobs.;Pita Birch.;Steven M Resnick.;Georg M Schmölzer.;Brenda Law.;Risha Bhatia.;Katinka P Bach.;Koert de Waal.;Javeed N Travadi.;Pieter J Koorts.;Mary J Berry.;Kei Lui.;Victor S Rajadurai.;Suresh Chandran.;Martin Kluckow.;Elza Cloete.;Margaret M Broom.;Michael J Stark.;Adrienne Gordon.;Vinayak Kodur.;Lex W Doyle.;Peter G Davis.;Christopher J D McKinlay.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷22期1889-1899页
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common adverse outcome in extremely preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation. Systemic corticosteroids are effective against BPD but may be associated with adverse outcomes. Corticosteroids given directly into the lungs may be effective and safer.
17. A Digital Health Behavior Intervention to Prevent Childhood Obesity: The Greenlight Plus Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: William J Heerman.;Russell L Rothman.;Lee M Sanders.;Jonathan S Schildcrout.;Kori B Flower.;Alan M Delamater.;Melissa C Kay.;Charles T Wood.;Rachel S Gross.;Aihua Bian.;Laura E Adams.;Evan C Sommer.;H Shonna Yin.;Eliana M Perrin.; .;Belen de la Barrera.;Malakha Bility.;Michelle Cruz Jimenez Smith.;Evelyn F Cruzatte.;Gabriela Guevara.;Janna B Howard.;Jacarra Lampkin.;Colin J Orr.;Jennifer Pilotos McBride.;Lourdes Quintana Forster.;Kimberly S Ramirez.;Javier Rodriguez.;Samantha Schilling.;W Elizabeth Shepard.;Altagracia Soto.;Jessica J Velazquez.;Shelby Wallace.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷24期2068-2080页
Infant growth predicts long-term obesity and cardiovascular disease. Previous interventions designed to prevent obesity in the first 2 years of life have been largely unsuccessful. Obesity prevalence is high among traditional racial and ethnic minority groups.
18. Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis: The EVOLVED Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Krithika Loganath.;Neil J Craig.;Russell J Everett.;Rong Bing.;Vasiliki Tsampasian.;Patrycja Molek.;Simona Botezatu.;Saadia Aslam.;Steff Lewis.;Catriona Graham.;Audrey C White.;Tom MacGillivray.;Christopher E Tuck.;Phillip Rayson.;Denise Cranley.;Sian Irvine.;Ruth Armstrong.;Lynsey Milne.;Calvin W L Chin.;Graham S Hillis.;Timothy Fairbairn.;John P Greenwood.;Richard Steeds.;Stephen J Leslie.;Chim C Lang.;Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci.;Nikhil V Joshi.;Vijay Kunadian.;Vassilios S Vassiliou.;Jason N Dungu.;Sandeep S Hothi.;Nicholas Boon.;Sanjay K Prasad.;Niall G Keenan.;Dana Dawson.;Thomas A Treibel.;Mani Motwani.;Christopher A Miller.;Nicholas L Mills.;Ronak Rajani.;David P Ripley.;Gerry P McCann.;Bernard Prendergast.;Anvesha Singh.;David E Newby.;Marc R Dweck.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷3期213-221页
Development of myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic stenosis precedes left ventricular decompensation and is associated with an adverse long-term prognosis.
19. Early, Individualized Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Abinet M Aklilu.;Steven Menez.;Megan L Baker.;Dannielle Brown.;Katie K Dircksen.;Kisha A Dunkley.;Simon Correa Gaviria.;Salia Farrokh.;Sophia C Faulkner.;Charles Jones.;Bashar A Kadhim.;Dustin Le.;Fan Li.;Amrita Makhijani.;Melissa Martin.;Dennis G Moledina.;Claudia Coronel-Moreno.;Kyle D O'Connor.;Kyra Shelton.;Kristina Shvets.;Nityasree Srialluri.;Jia Wei Tan.;Jeffrey M Testani.;Celia P Corona-Villalobos.;Yu Yamamoto.;Chirag R Parikh.;F Perry Wilson.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷24期2081-2090页
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication during hospitalization and is associated with adverse outcomes.
20. Three vs 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy for High-Risk Retinoblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Huijing Ye.;Kang Xue.;Ping Zhang.;Rongxin Chen.;Xiaowen Zhai.;Li Ling.;Wei Xiao.;Lijuan Tang.;Hongsheng Wang.;Yuxiang Mao.;Siming Ai.;Yingwen Bi.;Qing Liu.;Yusha Zou.;Jiang Qian.;Huasheng Yang.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷19期1634-1641页
Adjuvant therapy is an important and effective treatment for retinoblastoma. However, there is a lack of head-to-head clinical trials comparing 3 vs 6 cycles of CEV chemotherapy (carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine) for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.
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