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1. Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Gail D'Onofrio.;Andrew A Herring.;Kathryn F Hawk.;Jeanmarie Perrone.;Ethan Cowan.;Ryan P McCormack.;James Dziura.;Abigail G Matthews.;Michael V Pantalon.;Patricia Owens.;Shara Martel.;Edouard Coupet.;Michele R Lofwall.;Sharon L Walsh.;E Jennifer Edelman.;Joseph E Carpenter.;Tania D Strout.;Michael R Baumann.;Erik Anderson.;Tyler W Barrett.;Alyrene Dorey.;Peter Taillac.;Gerald Cochran.;Cameron S Crandall.;Jason Wilson.;Jacob Manteuffel.;Jon B Cole.;Lauren K Whiteside.;Christopher Jones.;Elizabeth Samuels.;Kristen Huntley.;David A Fiellin.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷11期948-960页
Extended-release injectable buprenorphine may expand the reach of initiating medications for opioid use disorder in high-risk and hard-to-reach individuals who visit the emergency department (ED) and can be administered in low levels of withdrawal.
2. Electronic Health Record Intervention and Deprescribing for Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Julie C Lauffenburger.;Meekang Sung.;Robert J Glynn.;Punam A Keller.;Ted Robertson.;Dae H Kim.;Gauri Bhatkhande.;Katharina Tabea Jungo.;Nancy Haff.;Kaitlin E Hanken.;Thomas Isaac.;Niteesh K Choudhry.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷12期1060-1069页
Potentially inappropriate medications are commonly overprescribed to older adults. Although electronic health record (EHR)-based tools can increase use of evidence-based medications, their ability to reduce prescription of potentially inappropriate medications remains unclear.
3. Oral Nalbuphine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-Associated Cough: The CORAL Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Philip L Molyneaux.;Nesrin Mogulkoc.;Hakan Gunen.;Anna Doboszynska.;Michael Kreuter.;Blue Neustifter.;Vandana Mathur.;James Cassella.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷12期1050-1059页
For patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cough impairs quality of life; effective treatments for IPF-associated cough are needed.
4. Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis: Ten-Year Follow-Up of the APPAC Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paulina Salminen.;Roosa Salminen.;Johanna Kallio.;Saija Hurme.;Pia Nordström.;Tuomo Rantanen.;Hannu Paajanen.;Markku Aarnio.;Jukka-Pekka Mecklin.;Juhani Sand.;Juha M Grönroos.;Tero Rautio.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷12期1041-1049页
Antibiotic therapy is effective and safe for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults, but randomized clinical trial results exceeding 5 years are missing.
5. Minor Papillotomy for Treatment of Idiopathic Acute Pancreatitis With Pancreas Divisum: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Gregory A Coté.;Valerie Durkalski-Mauldin.;Evan L Fogel.;Dana C Moffatt.;Andrew Y Wang.;Luis F Lara.;Paul R Tarnasky.;James L Buxbaum.;Sun-Chuan Dai.;Sreeni Jonnalagadda.;Field F Willingham.;Andrew Ross.;Rajesh N Keswani.;Sumant Inamdar.;Truptesh H Kothari.;Timothy B Gardner.;Priya A Jamidar.;Srinivas Gaddam.;Douglas K Pleskow.;Jeffrey J Easler.;B Joseph Elmunzer.;John Gerard Coneys.;J Shawn Mallery.;Daniel S Strand.;Georgios I Papachristou.;Adam Slivka.;Prashant Kedia.;Ara B Sahakian.;Abdul Kouanda.;Anh Phan.;April Williams.;Dana K Andersen.;Jose Serrano.;Dhiraj Yadav.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷8期682-692页
Pancreas divisum is implicated as an obstructive cause for acute pancreatitis. Observational data suggest endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with minor papillotomy reduces the risk of pancreatitis episodes. Even though this endoscopic procedure is widely used in practice, clinical trials are lacking.
6. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) or Opioid Analgesia Added to Ibuprofen for Children's Musculoskeletal Injury: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Samina Ali.;Terry P Klassen.;Patricia Candelaria.;Maala Bhatt.;Scott Sawyer.;Antonia Stang.;Maryna Yaskina.;Anna Heath.;Petros Pechlivanoglou.;Martin Offringa.;Amy L Drendel.;Serena Hickes.;Naveen Poonai.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷10期863-873页
Ibuprofen is first-line therapy for musculoskeletal pain. However, two-thirds of children experience inadequate pain relief with ibuprofen monotherapy, and the efficacy of additive medications for moderate to severe musculoskeletal pain is unclear.
7. Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Cutoff Levels to Rule Out Deep Vein Thrombosis.
作者: Grégoire Le Gal.;Helia Robert-Ebadi.;Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy.;Fares Moustafa.;Andrea Penaloza.;Judith Catella.;Marie Chevallier Grenot.;Shaun Visser.;Lucia Mazzolai.;Alain Plumacker.;Stefano Barco.;Eddy Lang.;Vicky Tagalakis.;Claire Deroche.;Meghan Garnett.;Jennifer Hulme.;Pierre-Marie Roy.;Alexandre Ghuysen.;Francis Couturaud.;Rolf Engelberger.;Dominique El Kouri.;Drahomir Aujesky.;Marc Righini.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷5期416-424页
The age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff (age × 10 µg/L in patients 50 years or older), safely increases the diagnostic yield of D-dimer in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism but has not been validated in patients with suspected leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
8. A Lay Health Worker-Led Symptom Intervention and Acute Care Use in Older Adults With Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Manali I Patel.;Mila Voskanyan.;Hilda Agajanian.;Richy Agajanian.;Yale Podnos.;Arnold Milstein.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷8期674-681页
Undertreated cancer symptoms are common among older adults, yet effective early identification and intervention remain limited.
9. Spinal Manipulation and Clinician-Supported Biopsychosocial Self-Management for Acute Back Pain: The PACBACK Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Gert Bronfort.;Eric N Meier.;Brent Leininger.;Michael Schneider.;Roni Evans.;Carol Greco.;Linda Hanson.;Christine McFarland.;Roger Chou.;John Connett.;Anthony Delitto.;Steven Z George.;Ronald M Glick.;Francis Keefe.;John Licciardone.;Craig Schulz.;Dennis Turk.;Patrick J Heagerty.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷6期497-510页
Low back pain (LBP) is influenced by interrelated physical, psychological, and social factors. However, most treatments focus on symptom reduction without addressing the underlying biopsychosocial needs of patients.
10. An mHealth (Mobile Health) Intervention for Smoking Cessation in People With Tuberculosis: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Maham Zahid.;Fahmidur Rahman.;Mahmoud Danaee.;Shakhawat Hossain Rana.;Asiful Chowdhury.;Saeed Ansaari.;Ai Keow Lim.;Melanie Boeckmann.;Steve Parrott.;Jinshuo Li.;Amina Khan.;Rumana Huque.;John Norrie.;Kamran Siddiqi.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷4期336-344页
Smoking worsens outcomes in people with tuberculosis (TB), while quitting hastens recovery.
11. Valacyclovir Treatment of Early Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease: The VALAD Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: D P Devanand.;Thomas Wisniewski.;Qolamreza Razlighi.;Min Qian.;Renjie Wei.;Howard F Andrews.;Edward P Acosta.;Karen L Bell.;Gregory H Pelton.;Deborah Deliyannides.;Allison C Perrin.;Elise Caccappolo.;Anne A Gershon.;K M Prasad.;William C Kreisl.;Akiva Mintz.;Edward D Huey.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷6期511-522页
Neuroscientific, epidemiological, and electronic health record studies implicate herpes simplex virus (HSV) as potentially etiological for Alzheimer disease (AD).
12. Risk-Based vs Annual Breast Cancer Screening: The WISDOM Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Laura J Esserman.;Allison S Fiscalini.;Arash Naeim.;Laura J Van't Veer.;Andrea Kaster.;Maren T Scheuner.;Andrea Z LaCroix.;Alexander D Borowsky.;Hoda Anton-Culver.;Olufunmilayo I Olopade.;James Esserman.;Rachael Lancaster.;Lisa Madlensky.;Amie M Blanco.;Katherine S Ross.;Deborah L Goodman.;Barry S Tong.;Michael Hogarth.;Diane Heditsian.;Susie Brain.;Vivian Lee.;Kelly Blum.;Mi-Ok Kim.;Leah P Sabacan.;Kirkpatrick B Fergus.;Christina Yau.;Hannah L Park.;Barbara A Parker.;Celia Kaplan.;Kim F Rhoads.;Suzanne Eder.;Kelly Adduci.;Jeffrey B Matthews.;Neil S Wenger.;Yiwey Shieh.;Robert A Hiatt.;Elad Ziv.;Jeffrey A Tice.;Martin Eklund.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷9期763-774页
Individual breast cancer risk can guide screening initiation, frequency, use of supplemental imaging, and preventive measures to improve breast cancer screening by shifting resources from low-risk women to high-risk women.
13. Targeted Oxygen for Initial Resuscitation of Preterm Infants: The TORPIDO 30/60 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ju Lee Oei.;Adrienne Kirby.;Javeed Travadi.;Peter Davis.;Ian Wright.;Alpana Ghadge.;Carbo Yeung.;Melinda Cruz.;Anthony Keech.;Wendy Hague.;Kei Lui.;Maximo Vento.;Adrienne Gordon.;Koert De Waal.;Tejasvi Chaudhari.;Timothy Sui Loong Hong.;Scott Morris.;Alla Kushnir.;Dennis Bonney.;Mark Tracy.;Kishore Kumar.;Amitoj Singh Chhnia.;Vijay R Baral.;Prasana Muniyappa.;Fook Choe Cheah.;Prashant Sarnadgouda.;Victor Samuel Rajadurai.;Umamaheshwari Balakrishnan.;Tejo Pratap Oleti.;Victoria Aldecoa-Bilbao.;Maria-Luz Couce.;Caridad Tapia Collados.;Raquel Escrig Fernández.;Elisender Moliner.;Maria Dolores Ruiz Gonzalez.;Mohit Singhal.;Gopal Agrawal.;Jaykishore Singh.;Somalika Pal.;Siddarth Nayya.;Rohit Arora.;Prakash Amboiram.;John Simes.;William Tarnow-Mordi.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷6期523-530页
The most effective initial fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) for resuscitating preterm newborns is unknown.
14. Expectant Management vs Medication for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: The PDA Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Matthew M Laughon.;Sonia M Thomas.;Kristi L Watterberg.;Kathleen A Kennedy.;Martin Keszler.;Namisavayam Ambalavanan.;Alexis S Davis.;Jonathan L Slaughter.;Ronnie Guillet.;Tarah T Colaizy.;C Michael Cotten.;Megan A Dhawan.;Carl L Bose.;Jennifer Talbert.;Sarah Smucny.;William E Benitz.;Matthew A Rysavy.;Robin K Ohls.;Mariana C Baserga.;Sara B DeMauro.;Mambarambath Jaleel.;Wesley M Jackson.;Waldemar A Carlo.;Karen M Puopolo.;Anna Maria Hibbs.;Anup Katheria.;Pablo J Sánchez.;Carl T D'Angio.;Ravi M Patel.;Beth Ann Johnson.;Valerie Y Chock.;Abhay J Bhatt.;Stephanie L Merhar.;Ryan Moore.;Abbot R Laptook.;Sarvin Ghavam.;Janell Fuller.;Shilpa Vyas-Read.;Stephen D Kicklighter.;Baiba Steinbrekera.;Kathryn Anderson.;Praveen K Chandrasekharan.;Myra H Wyckoff.;Cassandra Montoya.;Abhik Das.;Barbara Do.;Samantha Chang.;Rosemary D Higgins.;Michele C Walsh.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷7期588-599页
The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants is controversial.
15. Effect of Automated Closed-Loop Ventilation vs Protocolized Conventional Ventilation on Ventilator-Free Days in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Jante S Sinnige.;Laura A Buiteman-Kruizinga.;Janneke Horn.;Frederique Paulus.;Marcus J Schultz.;Ary Serpa Neto.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷10期874-884页
Automated closed-loop ventilation systems continuously adjust ventilator settings based on real-time physiologic feedback and may optimize lung-protective ventilation. Their effect on patient-centered outcomes in critically ill patients receiving ventilation remains uncertain.
16. Cryopreserved vs Liquid-Stored Platelets for the Treatment of Surgical Bleeding: The CLIP-II Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial.
作者: Michael C Reade.;Denese C Marks.;Belinda D Howe.;Michael J Bailey.;Paul G Bannon.;Glenn M Eastwood.;Craig J French.;David J Gattas.;Alisa M Higgins.;Anthony D Holley.;Raymond T Hu.;David O Irving.;Lacey Johnson.;Shay P McGuinness.;Zoe K McQuilten.;Alistair G Royse.;Julian A Smith.;Laurence Weinberg.;Erica M Wood.; .; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷7期600-608页
Liquid-stored platelets have a shelf-life of 5 to 7 days, limiting availability and resulting in wastage.
17. Precision Immunotherapy to Improve Sepsis Outcomes: The ImmunoSep Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis.;Antigone Kotsaki.;Ioanna Kotsamidi.;Aikaterini Efthymiou.;Vasiliki Koutsoukou.;Johannes Ehler.;Alexandra Paridou.;Frantzeska Frantzeskaki.;Marcella C A Müller.;Peter Pickkers.;Sylvain Meylan.;Ioannis Nikolopoulos.;Mihaela Lupse.;Alexandra Gavala.;Glykeria Vlachogianni.;Nicky Solomonidi.;Antonia Alevizou.;Eumorfia Kondili.;Eleni Antoniadou.;Maria Nakou.;Nikolaos Markou.;Erifili Hatziagelaki.;Athanassios Prekates.;Apostolos Komnos.;Lieke Bakkerus.;Marleen A Slim.;George N Dalekos.;Areti Karapanagiotou.;Sofia Ktena.;Gennaro De Pascale.;Vassileios Koulouras.;Christos Psarrakis.;Eleni Massa.;Konstantina Dakou.;Chrisoula Pazvanti.;Aikaterini Ioakeimidou.;Iraklis Tsangaris.;Nikolaos Antonakos.;Alexander P J Vlaar.;Souzana Anisoglou.;Thierry Calandra.;Vasilios Papaioannou.;Pavlos Myrianthefs.;Maria Patrani.;Ioannis Alamanos.;Massimo Antonelli.;Jos W M van der Meer.;Tom van der Poll.;W Joost Wiersinga.;Maria Ntaganou.;Eleni Gkeka.;Michael Bauer.;Eleni Mouloudi.;Mihai G Netea.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷9期775-786页
Sepsis is heterogeneous, and the optimal strategy for tailoring immunotherapy is uncertain.
18. Sacubitril/Valsartan vs Enalapril in Heart Failure Due to Chagas Disease: An Open-Label, Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Renato D Lopes.;Edimar Alcides Bocchi.;Luis Eduardo Echeverría.;Caroline Demacq.;Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros E Silva.;Lilian Mazza Barbosa.;Lucas Damiani.;Sarfaraz Sayyed.;Liandra A F Yoshida.;Remo Holanda M Furtado.;Carlos A Morillo.;Ruben Kevorkian.;Felix Ramires.;M Cecilia Bahit.;Antonio Magaña.;Adolfo Chávez-Mendoza.;Adegil Henrique Miguel da Silva.;Aguinaldo Coelho da Silva.;Aguinaldo F Freitas.;Alfredo Alejandro Romano.;Anne Parneix.;Armando Segura.;Cesar Cassio Broilo França.;Cristian Edgardo Botta.;Edileide de Barros.;Eduardo Roque Perna.;Eleonora Montenegro.;Franklin Roberto Quiroz Diaz.;Gilson Soares Feitosa-Filho.;Graciela Viviana Severini.;Israel Molina.;Jacqueline Dos Santos Sampaio Miranda.;Jorgelina Sala.;José Francisco Kerr Saraiva.;Justo Carbajales.;Lilia Nigro Maia.;Luiz Carlos Santana Passos.;Marcus Vinicius Simões.;Maria da Consolação V Moreira.;Maria Carmo P Nunes.;Mauro Esteves Hernandes.;Miguel Hominal.;Raquel Saa Zarandon.;Ricardo Leon de la Fuente.;Roque Aras.;Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan.;Telêmaco Luiz da Silva.;Vagner Madrini.;Wilson Alves de Oliveira.;Wladmir Faustino Saporito.;Claudio Gimpelewicz.;John J V McMurray.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷1期49-59页
The efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended treatments for heart failure (HF) are uncertain in patients with Chagas disease.
19. Intraoperative Driving Pressure-Guided High PEEP vs Standard Low PEEP for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications.
作者: .;Galina Dorland.;Marcelo Gama de Abreu.;Sabrine N T Hemmes.;Liselotte Hol.;Markus W Hollmann.;David M P van Meenen.;Sunny G L H Nijbroek.;Marcus J Schultz.;Ary Serpa Neto.;Tom D Vermeulen.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷8期693-702页
The effect of individualized high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuvers, targeting a low driving pressure, on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery is uncertain.
20. Levosimendan to Facilitate Weaning From ECMO in Patients With Severe Cardiogenic Shock: The LEVOECMO Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Alain Combes.;Ouriel Saura.;Nicolas Nesseler.;Said Lebbah.;Bertrand Rozec.;Bruno Levy.;Jean-Luc Fellahi.;Antoine Beurton.;Simon Meslin.;Philippe Gaudard.;Adrien Bouglé.;André Vincentelli.;Romain Sonneville.;Guillaume Lebreton.;David Lévy.;Alexandre Ouattara.;Florence Tubach.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷1期60-69页
Levosimendan may facilitate weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and improve survival, but supporting evidence remains limited.
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