Angiogenesis is critical in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a highly lethal cancer with limited treatment options. Sunitinib, a multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has strong antiangiogenic and antitumor effects. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib as a second-line treatment in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with advanced ICC.

Pranayama breathing exercises may help reduce the burden of chemotherapy-induced symptoms in women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pranayama breathing exercise on symptom burden in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

This study investigated the impact of anticancer treatment on the oral microbiome in pediatric patients and its association with oral mucositis (OM).

We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of fosaprepitant plus triple therapy versus triple therapy alone, in terms of both routine and delayed regimen, in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving three-day cisplatin-based treatment.

To confirm transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with apatinib for advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PCC) is effective and safe. A comprehensive treatment plan involving TACE combined with targeted therapy was implemented for the patients with pathologically diagnosed advanced PCC, where TACE was performed every 4-6 weeks to deliver albumin paclitaxel and gemcitabine for a maximum of six times. Oral apatinib was administered in between TACE cycles. The main endpoint of this study was the objective response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess survival risk factors. From November 2019 to October 2020, a total of 41 patients were enrolled with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who were pathologically diagnosed. All underwent TACE treatment and received at least two treatment cycles. As of October 2022, the median follow-up period of this study was 28.3 months, the ORR of this study reached 56.1% (95% CI 39.7-71.5%); DCR reached 90.2% (95% CI 76.9-97.3%), and the median PFS was 9.7 months (95% CI 7.6-11.8 months), the median OS was 16.5 months (95% CI 13.6-19.3 months). The treatment-related adverse events (AEs) in this study were mild, mainly Grade 1 or 2. Among the most common AEs were bone marrow suppression and hand-foot syndrome, while no patient had Grade 4 AE. Comprehensive treatment combining TACE with apatinib for advanced PCC had favorable therapeutic effects, and no major safety issue was observed in the patients enrolled.

SWOG S1609 Dual Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in Rare Tumors (DART) studied the efficacy of ipilimumab combined with nivolumab across multiple rare tumor types. We report the results of the pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) cohort.

The majority of sarcomas are under the influence of a tumor microenvironment that dampens immune activity, resulting in resistance to monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints and reduced clinical effectiveness. Preclinical studies indicate that targeting abnormal neoangiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) can alter the TME, thereby promoting T cell infiltration and increasing tumor immunogenicity. The REGOMUNE study, a phase II clinical trial, assessed the therapeutic combination of regorafenib, a multityrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGFR2 and the PD-L1 blocker avelumab, in individuals with advanced "cold" STS characterized by a lack of mature tertiary lymphoid structures (mTLS). Forty-nine mTLS-negative STS patients were enrolled, including leiomyosarcoma (45%), synovial sarcoma (18%), and other subtypes. The objective response rate was 11.0% (95% CI: 4.0% - 22.0%), with median progression-free survival and overall survival of 1.8 months (95% CI, 1.7-3.5 months) and 15.1 months, respectively. Frequent adverse events included grade 1 or 2 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, fatigue, and diarrhea. On-treatment multiplex immunofluorescence analysis revealed significant increases in CD8 + T cell and B cell infiltration and PD1 expression on immune cells. Plasma analysis indicated significant upregulation of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) levels and tryptophan consumption. Overall, these results indicate that anti-angiogenic therapy modulates the tumor microenvironment in patients with cold STS and highlight the need for complementary strategies to enhance the functional activity of immune cells in this particular setting. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03475953.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, making up 21% of all cancer cases. Although generally slow-growing, 370,000 men die from PC yearly. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently only indicated for the rare cases of microsatellite instability high or tumor mutation burden high disease. Combination therapy strategies that induce immune responses may expand the utility of ICIs. Here, we investigated the safety and efficacy of PROSTVAC, a therapeutic cancer vaccine that targets prostate-specific antigen (PSA), in combination with the programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor nivolumab (NCT02933255).

Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) is a prevalent and debilitating condition observed in cancer patients, especially in those suffering from hematologic malignancies. The present study assessed the efficacy of a compounded mouthwash, both with and without the addition of acyclovir, in the management of CIOM. Although various treatment options exist for this condition, their effectiveness remains limited, underscoring the necessity for innovative approaches to the formulation of compounded mouthwashes for improved management of CIOM.

There are international studies that examine the effects of laughter yoga on the symptoms and quality of life of cancer patients as a complementary therapeutic method.

The use of trastuzumab and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor is effective in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer; however, their use has not been investigated in patients with localized disease. This phase 2 trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of dual PD-1 (sintilimab) and HER2 blockade with chemotherapy in patients with resectable HER2-positive gastric and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma. 22 patients are enrolled, and 20 patients undergo surgery. The primary endpoint is achieved; 12 (55%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 32-76) of 22 patients have a major pathological response, and 11 (50%, 95% CI: 28-72) of 22 patients achieve pathological complete response. The most common grade 3 treatment-related adverse events are neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. No treatment-related deaths occur. Transcriptomic analysis, bioinformatics analysis, and immunofluorescence staining demonstrate that regulatory T cells are associated with possibility of drug resistance. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier: ChiCTR2200058732).

Lisavanbulin is a prodrug of the microtubule-targeting agent avanbulin. Both avanbulin and lisavanbulin have demonstrated significant antitumor activity in several preclinical tumor models including glioblastoma. Previous human studies demonstrated that 48-h infusions of intravenous lisavanbulin were well tolerated with preliminary activity in recurrent glioblastoma. The current phase 1/2a study evaluates the safety and tolerability of once-daily oral lisavanbulin in patients with solid tumors or recurrent glioblastoma or high-grade glioma. Lisavanbulin is associated with profound, durable responses in a subset of patients with recurrent refractory grade 4 astrocytoma or glioblastoma. We present here the clinical and translational results from this trial, including a description of a response-predictive molecular signature that warrants further exploration in these tumor types of significant unmet need. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02490800).

Objective responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are rare. Response rates may be increased by combination with other drugs known to promote immune infiltration, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which have led to benefit in BRCA-altered uterine LMS. We therefore evaluated the combination of a PARP inhibitor, rucaparib, and the anti-programmed death receptor-1 monoclonal antibody, nivolumab, in patients with advanced LMS and investigated its effects on the tumor immune microenvironment.

This study compared efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity, and safety between AVT06, proposed biosimilar to reference product (RP) aflibercept (Eylea®), in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Thrombocytopenia is the main limiting toxicity of chemotherapy, which has not been adequately addressed until now. However, no exact studies have been conducted on the secondary prevention of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.The aim of this study is to explore the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the secondary prevention of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in malignant solid tumors.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the skin with an aggressive behavior and high propensity for locoregional recurrence and metastasis. The therapeutic options in the metastatic disease are limited and are mainly based on immunotherapy or platinum-based doublets. Importantly, a significant proportion of patients experience resistance to single-agent immunotherapy highlighting the need for more active upfront combinations. The PANDORA trial [NCT06086288] is an open label, multicenter, phase II trial evaluating the activity and safety of pembrolizumab combined with cisplatin or carboplatin and etoposide as first line treatment in patients with advanced MCC. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR). Secondary objectives include overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and duration of response (DOR). Exploratory objectives include identification of immune and molecular biomarkers and assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life of pembrolizumab plus cisplatin/carboplatin and etoposide in participants with advanced/metastatic MCC. We planned to enroll 35 patients according to the study design. The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy was associated with better outcomes compared to either treatment alone in several cancer thanks to a potential synergy. Moving from a biological and clinical rationale, PANDORA may impact on the therapeutic landscape of MCC.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT06086288 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) after radical surgery is an important cause of treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC). Intraoperative intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy may be an effective method for preventing postoperative PM in patients with CRC. This study aimed to explore the safety and feasibility of intraoperatively preventive intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy using lobaplatin for CRC.

Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. This phase II, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study (AngioCheck) evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma previously treated with taxane-based chemotherapy.

Metastatic triple negative breast cancer has a poor prognosis with limited targeted treatment options. In preclinical studies PI3K inhibition led to increased DNA damage and subsequent sensitization to PARP inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the combination of an mTOR/pan-PI3K inhibitor, gedatolisib, with the PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, in patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer or advanced HER2 negative breast cancer and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has shown promising short-term outcomes of perioperative treatments for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is expected to release long-term survival benefits. Here, we reported the long-term prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT over ∼a 5-year follow-up.