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1. BCG Revaccination for the Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
作者: Alexander C Schmidt.;Lee Fairlie.;Elizabeth Hellström.;Angelique Luabeya Kany Kany.;Keren Middelkoop.;Kogieleum Naidoo.;Gonasagrie Nair.;Anele Gela.;Elisa Nemes.;Thomas J Scriba.;Amy Cinar.;Nicole Frahm.;Robin Mogg.;David Kaufman.;Michael W Dunne.;Mark Hatherill.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷18期1789-1800页
In a previous phase 2 trial, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination was not shown to provide protection from primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but prevented sustained M. tuberculosis infection, defined by an initial conversion on a QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) test (an interferon-γ release assay) from negative to positive, followed by two additional positive QFT tests at 3 and 6 months after the initial conversion (a secondary end point). A vaccine efficacy of 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 68) was observed.
2. Low-Dose Yellow Fever Vaccine in Adults in Africa.
作者: Derick Kimathi.;Aitana Juan-Giner.;Ndeye S Bob.;Benedict Orindi.;Maria L Namulwana.;Antoine Diatta.;Stanley Cheruiyot.;Gamou Fall.;Moussa Dia.;Mainga M Hamaluba.;Dan Nyehangane.;Henry K Karanja.;John N Gitonga.;Daisy Mugo.;Donwilliams O Omuoyo.;Mwatasa Hussein.;Elizaphan Oloo.;Naomi Kamau.;Jackline Wafula.;Josephine Bendera.;Namanya Silvester.;James Mwavita.;Musiimenta Joshua.;Jane Mwendwa.;Collins Agababyona.;Caroline Ngetsa.;Nalusaji Aisha.;Felix Moki.;Titus Buluku.;Marianne Munene.;Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire.;Julius Lutwama.;John Kayiwa.;Eunice Kamaara.;Alan D Barrett.;Pontiano Kaleebu.;Philip Bejon.;Amadou A Sall.;Rebecca F Grais.;George M Warimwe.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷8期788-797页
Yellow fever vaccine is highly effective with a single dose, but vaccine supply is limited. The minimum dose requirements for seroconversion remain unknown.
3. Efficacy of Zenocutuzumab in NRG1 Fusion-Positive Cancer.
作者: Alison M Schram.;Koichi Goto.;Dong-Wan Kim.;Teresa Macarulla.;Antoine Hollebecque.;Eileen M O'Reilly.;Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou.;Jordi Rodon.;Sun Young Rha.;Kazumi Nishino.;Michaël Duruisseaux.;Joon Oh Park.;Cindy Neuzillet.;Stephen V Liu.;Benjamin A Weinberg.;James M Cleary.;Emiliano Calvo.;Kumiko Umemoto.;Misako Nagasaka.;Christoph Springfeld.;Tanios Bekaii-Saab.;Grainne M O'Kane.;Frans Opdam.;Kim A Reiss.;Andrew K Joe.;Ernesto Wasserman.;Viktoriya Stalbovskaya.;Jim Ford.;Shola Adeyemi.;Lokesh Jain.;Shekeab Jauhari.;Alexander Drilon.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期566-576页
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusions are recurrent oncogenic drivers found in multiple solid tumors. NRG1 binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), leading to heterodimerization with HER2 and activation of downstream growth and proliferation pathways. The efficacy and safety of zenocutuzumab, a bispecific antibody against HER2 and HER3, in patients with NRG1 fusion-positive solid tumors are unclear.
4. Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
作者: Lorenzo Guglielmetti.;Uzma Khan.;Gustavo E Velásquez.;Maelenn Gouillou.;Amanzhan Abubakirov.;Elisabeth Baudin.;Elmira Berikova.;Catherine Berry.;Maryline Bonnet.;Matteo Cellamare.;Vijay Chavan.;Vivian Cox.;Zhanna Dakenova.;Bouke Catherine de Jong.;Gabriella Ferlazzo.;Aydarkhan Karabayev.;Ohanna Kirakosyan.;Nana Kiria.;Mikanda Kunda.;Nathalie Lachenal.;Leonid Lecca.;Helen McIlleron.;Ilaria Motta.;Sergio Mucching Toscano.;Hebah Mushtaque.;Payam Nahid.;Lawrence Oyewusi.;Samiran Panda.;Sandip Patil.;Patrick P J Phillips.;Jimena Ruiz.;Naseem Salahuddin.;Epifanio Sanchez Garavito.;Kwonjune J Seung.;Eduardo Ticona.;Lorenzo Trippa.;Dante E Vargas Vasquez.;Sean Wasserman.;Michael L Rich.;Francis Varaine.;Carole D Mitnick.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期468-482页
For decades, poor treatment options and low-quality evidence plagued care for patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The advent of new drugs to treat tuberculosis and enhanced funding now permit randomized, controlled trials of shortened-duration, all-oral treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.
5. Lentiviral Gene Therapy with CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells for Hemophilia A.
作者: Alok Srivastava.;Aby Abraham.;Fouzia Aboobacker.;Gurbind Singh.;Tulasi Geevar.;Uday Kulkarni.;Sushil Selvarajan.;Anu Korula.;Rutvi Gautam Dave.;Mohana Shankar.;Abraham S Singh.;Anbu Jeba.;Navien Kumaar.;Christopher Benjamin.;Kavitha M Lakshmi.;Vivi Miriam Srivastava.;Ramachandran V Shaji.;Sukesh C Nair.;Harrison C Brown.;Gabriela Denning.;Pete Lollar.;Christopher B Doering.;Trent Spencer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期450-457页
Severe hemophilia A is managed with factor VIII replacement or hemostatic products that stop or prevent bleeding. Data on gene therapy with hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC)-based expression of factor VIII for the treatment of severe hemophilia A are lacking.
6. Blinatumomab in Standard-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.
作者: Sumit Gupta.;Rachel E Rau.;John A Kairalla.;Karen R Rabin.;Cindy Wang.;Anne L Angiolillo.;Sarah Alexander.;Andrew J Carroll.;Susan Conway.;Lia Gore.;Ilan Kirsch.;Holly R Kubaney.;Amanda M Li.;Jennifer L McNeer.;Olga Militano.;Tamara P Miller.;Yvonne Moyer.;Maureen M O'Brien.;Maki Okada.;Shalini C Reshmi.;Mary Shago.;Elizabeth Wagner.;Naomi Winick.;Brent L Wood.;Tara Haworth-Wright.;Faraz Zaman.;Gerhard Zugmaier.;Sue Zupanec.;Meenakshi Devidas.;Stephen P Hunger.;David T Teachey.;Elizabeth A Raetz.;Mignon L Loh.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷9期875-891页
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Despite a high overall cure rate, relapsed B-cell ALL remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among children. The addition of the bispecific T-cell engager molecule blinatumomab (an anti-CD19 and anti-CD3 single-chain molecule) to therapy for newly diagnosed standard-risk (as defined by the National Cancer Institute) B-cell ALL in children may improve outcomes.
7. Effect of a Reduced PCV10 Dose Schedule on Pneumococcal Carriage in Vietnam.
作者: Lay-Myint Yoshida.;Michiko Toizumi.;Hien Anh Thi Nguyen.;Billy J Quilty.;Le Thuy Lien.;Le Huy Hoang.;Chihiro Iwasaki.;Mizuki Takegata.;Noriko Kitamura.;Monica L Nation.;Jason Hinds.;Kevin van Zandvoort.;Belinda D Ortika.;Eileen M Dunne.;Catherine Satzke.;Hung Thai Do.;Kim Mulholland.;Stefan Flasche.;Duc-Anh Dang.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷21期1992-2002页
After pneumococcal disease and colonization have been controlled through vaccination campaigns, a reduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedule may be sufficient to sustain that control at reduced costs.
8. Standard or Extended Lymphadenectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.
作者: Seth P Lerner.;Catherine Tangen.;Robert S Svatek.;Siamak Daneshmand.;Kamal S Pohar.;Eila Skinner.;Anne Schuckman.;Arthur I Sagalowsky.;Norm D Smith.;Ashish M Kamat.;Wassim Kassouf.;Melissa Plets.;Rick Bangs.;Theresa M Koppie.;Ajjai Alva.;Francisco G La Rosa.;Sumanta K Pal.;Adam S Kibel.;Daniel J Canter.;Ian M Thompson.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷13期1206-1216页
Whether extended lymphadenectomy is associated with improved disease-free and overall survival, as compared with standard lymphadenectomy, among patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy is unclear.
9. A Randomized Trial of Drug Route in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
作者: Keith Couper.;Chen Ji.;Charles D Deakin.;Rachael T Fothergill.;Jerry P Nolan.;John B Long.;James M Mason.;Felix Michelet.;Chloe Norman.;Henry Nwankwo.;Tom Quinn.;Anne-Marie Slowther.;Michael A Smyth.;Kath R Starr.;Alison Walker.;Sara Wood.;Steve Bell.;Gemma Bradley.;Martina Brown.;Shona Brown.;Emma Burrow.;Karl Charlton.;Andrew Claxton Dip.;Victoria Dra'gon.;Christine Evans.;Jakob Falloon.;Theresa Foster.;Justin Kearney.;Nigel Lang.;Matthew Limmer.;Adam Mellett-Smith.;Joshua Miller.;Carla Mills.;Ria Osborne.;Nigel Rees.;Robert E S Spaight.;Gemma L Squires.;Belinda Tibbetts.;Michelle Waddington.;Gregory A Whitley.;Jason V Wiles.;Julia Williams.;Sarah Wiltshire.;Adam Wright.;Ranjit Lall.;Gavin D Perkins.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷4期336-348页
In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the effectiveness of drugs such as epinephrine is highly time-dependent. An intraosseous route of drug administration may enable more rapid drug administration than an intravenous route; however, its effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain.
10. Long-Term Effects of Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.
作者: .;William G Herrington.;Natalie Staplin.;Nikita Agrawal.;Christoph Wanner.;Jennifer B Green.;Sibylle J Hauske.;Jonathan R Emberson.;David Preiss.;Parminder Judge.;Doreen Zhu.;Rejive Dayanandan.;Ryoki Arimoto.;Kaitlin J Mayne.;Sarah Y A Ng.;Emily Sammons.;Michael Hill.;Will Stevens.;Karl Wallendszus.;Susanne Brenner.;Alfred K Cheung.;Zhi-Hong Liu.;Jing Li.;Lai Seong Hooi.;Wen Liu.;Takashi Kadowaki.;Masaomi Nangaku.;Adeer Levin.;David Z I Cherney.;Aldo P Maggioni.;Roberto Pontremoli.;Rajat Deo.;Shinya Goto.;Xavier Rossello.;Katherine R Tuttle.;Dominik Steubl.;Dan Massey.;Martina Brueckmann.;Martin J Landray.;Colin Baigent.;Richard Haynes.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷8期777-787页
In the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, had positive cardiorenal effects in patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression. Post-trial follow-up was designed to assess how the effects of empagliflozin would evolve after the discontinuation of the trial drug.
11. Phase 3 Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer.
作者: Nicholas van As.;Clare Griffin.;Alison Tree.;Jaymini Patel.;Peter Ostler.;Hans van der Voet.;Andrew Loblaw.;William Chu.;Daniel Ford.;Shaun Tolan.;Suneil Jain.;Philip Camilleri.;Kiran Kancherla.;John Frew.;Andrew Chan.;Olivia Naismith.;John Armstrong.;John Staffurth.;Alexander Martin.;Ian Dayes.;Paula Wells.;Derek Price.;Emily Williamson.;Julia Pugh.;Georgina Manning.;Stephanie Brown.;Stephanie Burnett.;Emma Hall.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷15期1413-1425页
Whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is noninferior to conventionally or moderately hypofractionated regimens with respect to biochemical or clinical failure in patients with localized prostate cancer is unclear.
12. Nivolumab+AVD in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
作者: Alex F Herrera.;Michael LeBlanc.;Sharon M Castellino.;Hongli Li.;Sarah C Rutherford.;Andrew M Evens.;Kelly Davison.;Angela Punnett.;Susan K Parsons.;Sairah Ahmed.;Carla Casulo.;Nancy L Bartlett.;Joseph M Tuscano.;Matthew G Mei.;Brian T Hess.;Ryan Jacobs.;Hayder Saeed.;Pallawi Torka.;Boyu Hu.;Craig Moskowitz.;Supreet Kaur.;Gaurav Goyal.;Christopher Forlenza.;Andrew Doan.;Adam Lamble.;Pankaj Kumar.;Saeeda Chowdhury.;Brett Brinker.;Namita Sharma.;Avina Singh.;Kristie A Blum.;Anamarija M Perry.;Alexandra E Kovach.;David Hodgson.;Louis S Constine.;Lale Kostakoglu Shields.;Anca Prica.;Hildy Dillon.;Richard F Little.;Margaret A Shipp.;Michael Crump.;Brad Kahl.;John P Leonard.;Sonali M Smith.;Joo Y Song.;Kara M Kelly.;Jonathan W Friedberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷15期1379-1389页
Incorporating brentuximab vedotin into the treatment of advanced-stage classic Hodgkin's lymphoma improves outcomes in adult and pediatric patients. However, brentuximab vedotin increases the toxic effects of treatment in adults, more than half of pediatric patients who receive the drug undergo consolidative radiation, and relapse remains a challenge. Programmed death 1 blockade is effective in Hodgkin's lymphoma, including in preliminary studies involving previously untreated patients.
13. Collagenase Injection versus Limited Fasciectomy for Dupuytren's Contracture.
作者: Joseph Dias.;Puvanendran Tharmanathan.;Catherine Arundel.;Charlie Welch.;Qi Wu.;Paul Leighton.;Maria Armaou.;Nick Johnson.;Sophie James.;John Cooke.;Lionel Bainbridge.;Michael Craigen.;David Warwick.;Samantha Brady.;Lydia G Flett.;Judy Jones.;Catherine N Knowlson.;Michelle Watson.;Ada Keding.;Catherine E Hewitt.;David Torgerson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷16期1499-1510页
Treatments for Dupuytren's contracture include limited fasciectomy and collagenase injection. Comparisons of the effectiveness of these treatments have been limited.
14. Fractional Doses of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine - A Noninferiority Trial.
作者: Katherine E Gallagher.;Ruth Lucinde.;Christian Bottomley.;Mary Kaniu.;Badaud Suaad.;Mary Mutahi.;Laura Mwalekwa.;Sarah Ragab.;Louise Twi-Yeboah.;James A Berkley.;Mainga Hamaluba.;Angela Karani.;Jimmy Shangala.;Mark Otiende.;Elizabeth Gardiner.;Daisy Mugo.;Peter G Smith.;Collins Tabu.;Fred Were.;David Goldblatt.;J Anthony G Scott.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷21期2003-2013页
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are an expensive component of the routine immunization schedule. Fractional-dose regimens may be one option to increase the sustainability of the vaccine program.
15. Pomalidomide for Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.
作者: Hanny Al-Samkari.;Raj S Kasthuri.;Vivek N Iyer.;Allyson M Pishko.;Jake E Decker.;Clifford R Weiss.;Kevin J Whitehead.;Miles B Conrad.;Marc S Zumberg.;Jenny Y Zhou.;Joseph Parambil.;Derek Marsh.;Marianne Clancy.;Lauren Bradley.;Lisa Wisniewski.;Benjamin A Carper.;Sonia M Thomas.;Keith R McCrae.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷11期1015-1027页
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by extensive telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations. The primary clinical manifestation is epistaxis that results in iron-deficiency anemia and reduced health-related quality of life.
16. Pembrolizumab in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer.
作者: Yelena Y Janjigian.;Akihito Kawazoe.;Yuxian Bai.;Jianming Xu.;Sara Lonardi.;Jean Phillipe Metges.;Patricio Yañez.;Lucjan S Wyrwicz.;Lin Shen.;Yuriy Ostapenko.;Mehmet Bilici.;Hyun Cheol Chung.;Kohei Shitara.;Shukui Qin.;Eric Van Cutsem.;Josep Tabernero.;Suxia Luo.;Mauricio Mahave.;Yong Tang.;Maeve Lowery.;Maria M F Monteiro.;Linzhi Xu.;Chie-Schin Shih.;Kanu P Sharan.;Pooja Bhagia.;Sun Young Rha.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷14期1360-1362页 17. Phase 3 Trial of Cabozantinib to Treat Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors.
作者: Jennifer A Chan.;Susan Geyer.;Tyler Zemla.;Michael V Knopp.;Spencer Behr.;Sydney Pulsipher.;Fang-Shu Ou.;Amylou C Dueck.;Jared Acoba.;Ardaman Shergill.;Edward M Wolin.;Thorvardur R Halfdanarson.;Bhavana Konda.;Nikolaos A Trikalinos.;Bernard Tawfik.;Nitya Raj.;Shagufta Shaheen.;Namrata Vijayvergia.;Arvind Dasari.;Jonathan R Strosberg.;Elise C Kohn.;Matthew H Kulke.;Eileen M O'Reilly.;Jeffrey A Meyerhardt.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷7期653-665页
Treatment options for patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors are limited. The efficacy of cabozantinib in the treatment of previously treated, progressive extrapancreatic or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is unclear.
18. Adjuvant Pembrolizumab versus Observation in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma.
作者: Andrea B Apolo.;Karla V Ballman.;Guru Sonpavde.;Stephanie Berg.;William Y Kim.;Rahul Parikh.;Min Yuen Teo.;Randy F Sweis.;Daniel M Geynisman.;Petros Grivas.;Gurkamal Chatta.;Zachery Roger Reichert.;Joseph W Kim.;Mehmet Asim Bilen.;Bradley McGregor.;Parminder Singh.;Abhishek Tripathi.;Suzanne Cole.;Nicholas Simon.;Scot Niglio.;Lisa Ley.;Lisa Cordes.;Sandy Srinivas.;Jiaoti Huang.;Meagan Odegaard.;Colleen Watt.;Daniel Petrylak.;Jeannie Hoffman-Censits.;Yujia Wen.;Olwen Hahn.;Cecilia Mitchell.;Alan Tan.;Howard Streicher.;Elad Sharon.;Helen Moon.;Michael Woods.;Susan Halabi.;Gabriela Perez Burbano.;Michael J Morris.;Jonathan E Rosenberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷1期45-55页
Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive disease with high rates of relapse. Whether pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy would be effective in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma after radical surgery is unknown.
19. Final, 10-Year Outcomes with Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma.
作者: Jedd D Wolchok.;Vanna Chiarion-Sileni.;Piotr Rutkowski.;C Lance Cowey.;Dirk Schadendorf.;John Wagstaff.;Paola Queirolo.;Reinhard Dummer.;Marcus O Butler.;Andrew G Hill.;Michael A Postow.;Caroline Gaudy-Marqueste.;Theresa Medina.;Christopher D Lao.;John Walker.;Iván Márquez-Rodas.;John B A G Haanen.;Massimo Guidoboni.;Michele Maio.;Patrick Schöffski.;Matteo S Carlino.;Shahneen Sandhu.;Céleste Lebbé.;Paolo A Ascierto.;Georgina V Long.;Corey Ritchings.;Ayman Nassar.;Margarita Askelson.;Melanie Pe Benito.;Wenjia Wang.;F Stephen Hodi.;James Larkin.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷1期11-22页
Previous results from this trial showed longer overall survival after treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or with nivolumab monotherapy than with ipilimumab monotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma. Given that patients with advanced melanoma are living longer than 7.5 years, longer-term data were needed to address new clinically relevant questions.
20. Doxorubicin-Trabectedin with Trabectedin Maintenance in Leiomyosarcoma.
作者: Patricia Pautier.;Antoine Italiano.;Sophie Piperno-Neumann.;Christine Chevreau.;Nicolas Penel.;Nelly Firmin.;Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette.;François Bertucci.;Valérie Lebrun-Ly.;Isabelle Ray-Coquard.;Elsa Kalbacher.;Emmanuelle Bompas.;Olivier Collard.;Nicolas Isambert.;Cécile Guillemet.;Maria Rios.;Axel Le Cesne.;Corinne Balleyguier.;Baptiste Archambaud.;Florence Duffaud.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷9期789-799页
The addition of trabectedin to doxorubicin, followed by trabectedin maintenance, may have superior efficacy to doxorubicin alone as first-line treatment in patients with advanced leiomyosarcoma.
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