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1921. Effect on the quality of peer review of blinding reviewers and asking them to sign their reports: a randomized controlled trial.
Anxiety about bias, lack of accountability, and poor quality of peer review has led to questions about the imbalance in anonymity between reviewers and authors.
1922. Effect of blinding and unmasking on the quality of peer review: a randomized trial.
Little research has been conducted into the quality of peer review and, in particular, the effects of blinding peer reviewers to authors' identities or masking peer reviewers' identities.
1923. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: G U Meduri.;A S Headley.;E Golden.;S J Carson.;R A Umberger.;T Kelso.;E A Tolley.
来源: JAMA. 1998年280卷2期159-65页
No pharmacological therapeutic protocol has been found effective in modifying the clinical course of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and mortality remains greater than 50%.
1924. Effect of excessive weight gain with intensive therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.
作者: J Q Purnell.;J E Hokanson.;S M Marcovina.;M W Steffes.;P A Cleary.;J D Brunzell.
来源: JAMA. 1998年280卷2期140-6页
Intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes results in greater weight gain than conventional treatment.
1925. Simultaneous vs sequential initiation of therapy with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine for HIV-1 infection: 100-week follow-up.
作者: R M Gulick.;J W Mellors.;D Havlir.;J J Eron.;C Gonzalez.;D McMahon.;L Jonas.;A Meibohm.;D Holder.;W A Schleif.;J H Condra.;E A Emini.;R Isaacs.;J A Chodakewitz.;D D Richman.
来源: JAMA. 1998年280卷1期35-41页
Combination antiretroviral therapy can markedly suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication but the duration of HIV suppression varies among patients.
1926. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold in children: a randomized controlled trial.
The common cold is one of the most frequently occurring illnesses and is responsible for substantial morbidity and economic loss. Biochemical evidence suggests that zinc may be an effective treatment, and zinc gluconate glycine (ZGG) lozenges have been shown to reduce the duration of cold symptoms in adults.
1927. Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial.
Garlic-containing drugs have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia even though their efficacy is not generally established. Little is known about the mechanisms of action of the possible effects on cholesterol in humans.
1928. Lumbar supports and education for the prevention of low back pain in industry: a randomized controlled trial.
Low back pain is a frequent and costly health problem. Prevention of low back pain is important both for the individual patient and from an economic perspective.
1929. Nebulized budesonide and oral dexamethasone for treatment of croup: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: T P Klassen.;W R Craig.;D Moher.;M H Osmond.;H Pasterkamp.;T Sutcliffe.;L K Watters.;P C Rowe.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷20期1629-32页
The effectiveness of glucocorticoids for patients with croup is well established but it remains uncertain which glucocorticoid regimen is most effective.
1930. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.
作者: J R Downs.;M Clearfield.;S Weis.;E Whitney.;D R Shapiro.;P A Beere.;A Langendorfer.;E A Stein.;W Kruyer.;A M Gotto.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷20期1615-22页
Although cholesterol-reducing treatment has been shown to reduce fatal and nonfatal coronary disease in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), it is unknown whether benefit from the reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients without CHD extends to individuals with average serum cholesterol levels, women, and older persons.
1931. Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial.
作者: W J Catalona.;A W Partin.;K M Slawin.;M K Brawer.;R C Flanigan.;A Patel.;J P Richie.;J B deKernion.;P C Walsh.;P T Scardino.;P H Lange.;E N Subong.;R E Parson.;G H Gasior.;K G Loveland.;P C Southwick.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷19期1542-7页
The percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum has been shown to enhance the specificity of PSA testing for prostate cancer detection, but earlier studies provided only preliminary cutoffs for clinical use.
1932. Role of rifampin for treatment of orthopedic implant-related staphylococcal infections: a randomized controlled trial. Foreign-Body Infection (FBI) Study Group.
Rifampin-containing regimens are able to cure staphylococcal implant-related infections based on in vitro and in vivo observations. However, this evidence has not been proven by a controlled clinical trial.
1933. Abstinence and safer sex HIV risk-reduction interventions for African American adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.
African American adolescents are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but which behavioral interventions to reduce risk are most effective and who should conduct them is not known.
1934. Effects of raloxifene on serum lipids and coagulation factors in healthy postmenopausal women.
作者: B W Walsh.;L H Kuller.;R A Wild.;S Paul.;M Farmer.;J B Lawrence.;A S Shah.;P W Anderson.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷18期1445-51页
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has estrogen-agonistic effects on bone and estrogen-antagonistic effects on breast and uterus.
1935. Effect of local medical opinion leaders on quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: S B Soumerai.;T J McLaughlin.;J H Gurwitz.;E Guadagnoli.;P J Hauptman.;C Borbas.;N Morris.;B McLaughlin.;X Gao.;D J Willison.;R Asinger.;F Gobel.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷17期1358-63页
The effectiveness of recruiting local medical opinion leaders to improve quality of care is poorly understood.
1936. Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at low risk of stroke during treatment with aspirin: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Study. The SPAF III Writing Committee for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷16期1273-7页
Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk for stroke, but absolute rates of stroke vary widely within the broad spectrum of AF patients.
1937. Low molecular weight heparinoid, ORG 10172 (danaparoid), and outcome after acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. The Publications Committee for the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Investigators.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷16期1265-72页
Anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin is used commonly for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, but its use remains controversial because it has not been shown to be effective or safe. Low molecular weight heparins and heparinoids have been shown to be effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis in persons with stroke, and they might be effective in reducing unfavorable outcomes following ischemic stroke.
1938. Montelukast for chronic asthma in 6- to 14-year-old children: a randomized, double-blind trial. Pediatric Montelukast Study Group.
作者: B Knorr.;J Matz.;J A Bernstein.;H Nguyen.;B C Seidenberg.;T F Reiss.;A Becker.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷15期1181-6页
Leukotrienes are important mediators of asthma by causing bronchoconstriction, mucous secretion, and increased vascular permeability. Studies using compounds that block leukotrienes have demonstrated improvement in asthma control in adults and adolescents, but children younger than 12 years, for whom asthma is the most common chronic disease, have not been studied.
1939. Preemptive epidural analgesia and recovery from radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: A Gottschalk.;D S Smith.;D R Jobes.;S K Kennedy.;S E Lally.;V E Noble.;K F Grugan.;H A Seifert.;A Cheung.;S B Malkowicz.;B B Gutsche.;A J Wein.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷14期1076-82页
Preemptive analgesia can decrease the sensitization of the central nervous system that would ordinarily amplify subsequent nociceptive input, but a clear demonstration of its clinical efficacy is necessary for it to become a routine component of acute pain therapy.
1940. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing combinations of nevirapine, didanosine, and zidovudine for HIV-infected patients: the INCAS Trial. Italy, The Netherlands, Canada and Australia Study.
作者: J S Montaner.;P Reiss.;D Cooper.;S Vella.;M Harris.;B Conway.;M A Wainberg.;D Smith.;P Robinson.;D Hall.;M Myers.;J M Lange.
来源: JAMA. 1998年279卷12期930-7页
Current guidelines recommend that individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) be treated using combinations of antiretroviral agents to achieve sustained suppression of viral replication as measured by the plasma HIV-1 RNA assay, in the hopes of achieving prolonged remission of the disease. However, until recently, many drug combinations have not led to sustained suppression of HIV-1 RNA.
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