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1841. Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) in the treatment of severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock: a randomized controlled efficacy trial.
作者: E P Sloan.;M Koenigsberg.;D Gens.;M Cipolle.;J Runge.;M N Mallory.;G Rodman.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷19期1857-64页
Severe, uncompensated, traumatic hemorrhagic shock causes significant morbidity and mortality, but resuscitation with an oxygen-carrying fluid might improve patient outcomes.
1842. Enhancement of clinicians' diagnostic reasoning by computer-based consultation: a multisite study of 2 systems.
作者: C P Friedman.;A S Elstein.;F M Wolf.;G C Murphy.;T M Franz.;P S Heckerling.;P L Fine.;T M Miller.;V Abraham.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷19期1851-6页
Computer-based diagnostic decision support systems (DSSs) were developed to improve health care quality by providing accurate, useful, and timely diagnostic information to clinicians. However, most studies have emphasized the accuracy of the computer system alone, without placing clinicians in the role of direct users.
1843. Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial.
作者: S B Heymsfield.;A S Greenberg.;K Fujioka.;R M Dixon.;R Kushner.;T Hunt.;J A Lubina.;J Patane.;B Self.;P Hunt.;M McCamish.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷16期1568-75页
The protein hormone leptin is important to the homeostatic regulation of body weight. Treatment with exogenous leptin may affect weight loss.
1844. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
Some observational studies have found an association between television viewing and child and adolescent adiposity.
1845. Effects of intermittent exercise and use of home exercise equipment on adherence, weight loss, and fitness in overweight women: a randomized trial.
Enhancing participation in long-term exercise may translate into improved long-term weight loss in overweight adults.
1846. Prognostic value of 24-hour blood pressure in pregnancy.
作者: G Bellomo.;P L Narducci.;F Rondoni.;G Pastorelli.;G Stangoni.;G Angeli.;P Verdecchia.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷15期1447-52页
Elevated blood pressure (BP) measured at the physician's office may reflect true hypertension or white coat hypertension (WCH). The prognostic value of WCH among pregnant women is unknown.
1847. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group.
作者: S T Harris.;N B Watts.;H K Genant.;C D McKeever.;T Hangartner.;M Keller.;C H Chesnut.;J Brown.;E F Eriksen.;M S Hoseyni.;D W Axelrod.;P D Miller.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷14期1344-52页
Risedronate, a potent bisphosphonate, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Paget disease of bone and other metabolic bone diseases but, to our knowledge, it has not been evaluated in the treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis.
1848. Use of a low-literacy patient education tool to enhance pneumococcal vaccination rates. A randomized controlled trial.
Pneumococcal immunization rates for elderly and high-risk patients are only one third to one half the target rate of 60% established by the US Public Health Service. Limited or marginal literacy, which affects nearly 100 million Americans, especially the elderly, may contribute to these low rates of immunization.
1849. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators.
作者: B Ettinger.;D M Black.;B H Mitlak.;R K Knickerbocker.;T Nickelsen.;H K Genant.;C Christiansen.;P D Delmas.;J R Zanchetta.;J Stakkestad.;C C Glüer.;K Krueger.;F J Cohen.;S Eckert.;K E Ensrud.;L V Avioli.;P Lips.;S R Cummings.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷7期637-45页
Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women, but whether it reduces fracture risk in these women is not known.
1850. Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in experimental human influenza: randomized controlled trials for prevention and treatment.
作者: F G Hayden.;J J Treanor.;R S Fritz.;M Lobo.;R F Betts.;M Miller.;N Kinnersley.;R G Mills.;P Ward.;S E Straus.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷13期1240-6页
Influenza virus neuraminidase is thought to be essential for virus replication in humans; however, to date, available neuraminidase inhibitors are limited to zanamivir, which is topically administered.
1851. Long-term beta-carotene supplementation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Recent data suggest a protective role of carotenoids in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), possibly via an antioxidant effect, but no randomized trial has directly assessed the efficacy of beta-carotene to prevent DM.
1852. Ultrasonography and limited computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of appendicitis in children.
作者: B M Garcia Peña.;K D Mandl.;S J Kraus.;A C Fischer.;G R Fleisher.;D P Lund.;G A Taylor.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷11期1041-6页
Limited computed tomography with rectal contrast (CTRC) has been shown to be 98% accurate in the diagnosis of appendicitis in the adult population, but data are lacking regarding the accuracy and effectiveness of this technique in diagnosing pediatric appendicitis.
1853. Adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy for recurrent acute otitis media: parallel randomized clinical trials in children not previously treated with tympanostomy tubes.
作者: J L Paradise.;C D Bluestone.;D K Colborn.;B S Bernard.;C G Smith.;H E Rockette.;M Kurs-Lasky.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷10期945-53页
Adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy are commonly performed in US children to reduce the occurrence of persistent or recurrent otitis media, but evidence supporting the efficacy of the operations is limited.
1854. A patient decision aid regarding antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: M Man-Son-Hing.;A Laupacis.;A M O'Connor.;J Biggs.;E Drake.;E Yetisir.;R G Hart.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷8期737-43页
Decision aids are tools designed to help patients participate in the clinical decision-making process.
1855. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators.
作者: J A Staessen.;L Thijs.;R Fagard.;E T O'Brien.;D Clement.;P W de Leeuw.;G Mancia.;C Nachev.;P Palatini.;G Parati.;J Tuomilehto.;J Webster.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷6期539-46页
The clinical use of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring requires further validation in prospective outcome studies.
1856. Recombinant glycoprotein vaccine for the prevention of genital HSV-2 infection: two randomized controlled trials. Chiron HSV Vaccine Study Group.
作者: L Corey.;A G Langenberg.;R Ashley.;R E Sekulovich.;A E Izu.;J M Douglas.;H H Handsfield.;T Warren.;L Marr.;S Tyring.;R DiCarlo.;A A Adimora.;P Leone.;C L Dekker.;R L Burke.;W P Leong.;S E Straus.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷4期331-40页
In the last 3 decades, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection seroprevalence and neonatal herpes have increased substantially. An effective vaccine for the prevention of genital herpes could help control this epidemic.
1857. Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit.
作者: L L Leape.;D J Cullen.;M D Clapp.;E Burdick.;H J Demonaco.;J I Erickson.;D W Bates.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷3期267-70页
Pharmacist review of medication orders in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been shown to prevent errors, and pharmacist consultation has reduced drug costs. However, whether pharmacist participation in the ICU at the time of drug prescribing reduces adverse events has not been studied.
1858. Effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: K L Nichol.;P M Mendelman.;K P Mallon.;L A Jackson.;G J Gorse.;R B Belshe.;W P Glezen.;J Wittes.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷2期137-44页
Influenza virus is a major cause of illness, disruption to daily life, and increased use of health care in all age groups.
1859. Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: V M Ranieri.;P M Suter.;C Tortorella.;R De Tullio.;J M Dayer.;A Brienza.;F Bruno.;A S Slutsky.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷1期54-61页
Studies have shown that an inflammatory response may be elicited by mechanical ventilation used for recruitment or derecruitment of collapsed lung units or to overdistend alveolar regions, and that a lung-protective strategy may reduce this response.
1860. Zanamivir in the prevention of influenza among healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: A S Monto.;D P Robinson.;M L Herlocher.;J M Hinson.;M J Elliott.;A Crisp.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷1期31-5页
The neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, a sialic acid analog administered directly to the respiratory tract, has been demonstrated in clinical studies to be effective in treatment of type A and B influenza. It has also been shown to prevent influenza infection and disease in an experimental model.
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