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1801. Effect of a monetary sanction on immunization rates of recipients of aid to families with dependent children.
Immunization rates among low-income families have lagged behind those for the general community, with several possible barriers cited in the literature.
1802. Effects of exercise training on left ventricular function and peripheral resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized trial.
作者: R Hambrecht.;S Gielen.;A Linke.;E Fiehn.;J Yu.;C Walther.;N Schoene.;G Schuler.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷23期3095-101页
Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure improves work capacity by enhancing endothelial function and skeletal muscle aerobic metabolism, but effects on central hemodynamic function are not well established.
1803. Efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release capsules in nondepressed outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder: A 6-month randomized controlled trial.
作者: A J Gelenberg.;R B Lydiard.;R L Rudolph.;L Aguiar.;J T Haskins.;E Salinas.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷23期3082-8页
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic disorder that is associated with debilitating psychic and somatic symptoms. Venlafaxine extended-release (XR) capsules have been shown to be effective in short-term treatment of patients with GAD without major depressive disorder (MDD), but long-term data are needed to establish whether this agent confers persistent benefits.
1804. Cognitive rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury: A randomized trial. Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program (DVHIP) Study Group.
作者: A M Salazar.;D L Warden.;K Schwab.;J Spector.;S Braverman.;J Walter.;R Cole.;M M Rosner.;E M Martin.;J Ecklund.;R G Ellenbogen.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷23期3075-81页
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a principal cause of death and disability in young adults. Rehabilitation for TBI has not received the same level of scientific scrutiny for efficacy and cost-efficiency that is expected in other medical fields.
1805. Broad-spectrum sunscreen use and the development of new nevi in white children: A randomized controlled trial.
作者: R P Gallagher.;J K Rivers.;T K Lee.;C D Bajdik.;D I McLean.;A J Coldman.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷22期2955-60页
High nevus density is a risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Melanocytic nevi originate in childhood and are largely caused by solar exposure.
1806. Effectiveness of a nurse-based outreach program for identifying and treating psychiatric illness in the elderly.
作者: P V Rabins.;B S Black.;R Roca.;P German.;M McGuire.;B Robbins.;R Rye.;L Brant.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷21期2802-9页
Elderly persons with psychiatric disorders are less likely than younger adults to be diagnosed as having a mental disorder and receive needed mental health treatment. Lack of access to care is 1 possible cause of this disparity.
1807. Safety, immunogenicity, and induction of immunologic memory by a serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine in infants: A randomized controlled trial.
作者: J M MacLennan.;F Shackley.;P T Heath.;J J Deeks.;C Flamank.;M Herbert.;H Griffiths.;E Hatzmann.;C Goilav.;E R Moxon.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷21期2795-801页
Neisseria meningitidis is a common cause of meningitis and septicemia in infants worldwide. Whether a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine protects infants against the serogroup C strain is unknown.
1808. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial.
Panic disorder (PD) may be treated with drugs, psychosocial intervention, or both, but the relative and combined efficacies have not been evaluated in an unbiased fashion.
1809. Intravenous ancrod for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: the STAT study: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial.
作者: D G Sherman.;R P Atkinson.;T Chippendale.;K A Levin.;K Ng.;N Futrell.;C Y Hsu.;D E Levy.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷18期2395-403页
Approved treatment options for acute ischemic stroke in the United States and Canada are limited at present to intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, but bleeding complications, including intracranial hemorrhage, are a recognized complication.
1810. Ketoconazole for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. The ARDS Network.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷15期1995-2002页
Three clinical studies have suggested that ketoconazole, a synthetic imidazole with anti-inflammatory activity, may prevent the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in critically ill patients. However, the use of ketoconazole as treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS has not been previously studied.
1811. Enduring effects of nurse home visitation on maternal life course: a 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial.
作者: H Kitzman.;D L Olds.;K Sidora.;C R Henderson.;C Hanks.;R Cole.;D W Luckey.;J Bondy.;K Cole.;J Glazner.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷15期1983-9页
A home visitation program using nurses to improve maternal and child outcomes had favorable results in a randomized trial with a primarily white, semirural population. Many of the short-term findings have been replicated with urban blacks, but whether the program will continue to demonstrate effectiveness after its conclusion is uncertain.
1812. Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷15期1967-75页
Hypertension is associated with a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Only diuretics and beta-blockers have been shown to reduce this risk in long-term clinical trials. Whether newer antihypertensive agents reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown.
1813. The accuracy of patient history, wheezing, and laryngeal measurements in diagnosing obstructive airway disease. CARE-COAD1 Group. Clinical Assessment of the Reliability of the Examination-Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease.
The accuracy of the clinical examination in detecting obstructive airway disease (OAD) is largely unknown because of a paucity of methodologically rigorous studies.
1814. Estrogen and progestin, lipoprotein(a), and the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease events after menopause.
作者: M G Shlipak.;J A Simon.;E Vittinghoff.;F Lin.;E Barrett-Connor.;R H Knopp.;R I Levy.;S B Hulley.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷14期1845-52页
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, few data exist on the clinical importance of Lp(a) lowering for CHD prevention. Hormone therapy with estrogen has been found to lower Lp(a) levels in women.
1815. Efficacy and safety of sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: K Brady.;T Pearlstein.;G M Asnis.;D Baker.;B Rothbaum.;C R Sikes.;G M Farfel.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷14期1837-44页
Despite the high prevalence, chronicity, and associated comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the community, few placebo-controlled studies have evaluated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for this disorder.
1816. Comparison of ciprofloxacin (7 days) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14 days) for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis pyelonephritis in women: a randomized trial.
作者: D A Talan.;W E Stamm.;T M Hooton.;G J Moran.;T Burke.;A Iravani.;J Reuning-Scherer.;D A Church.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷12期1583-90页
The optimal antimicrobial regimen and treatment duration for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis are unknown.
1817. Rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: an international randomized trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Study Group.
作者: F Gordin.;R E Chaisson.;J P Matts.;C Miller.;M de Lourdes Garcia.;R Hafner.;J L Valdespino.;J Coberly.;M Schechter.;A J Klukowicz.;M A Barry.;R J O'Brien.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷11期1445-50页
Because of problems with adherence, toxicity, and increasing resistance associated with 6- to 12-month isoniazid regimens, an alternative short-course tuberculosis preventive regimen is needed.
1818. Systematic implementation of an advance directive program in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: D W Molloy.;G H Guyatt.;R Russo.;R Goeree.;B J O'Brien.;M Bédard.;A Willan.;J Watson.;C Patterson.;C Harrison.;T Standish.;D Strang.;P J Darzins.;S Smith.;S Dubois.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷11期1437-44页
Although advance directives are commonly used in the community, little is known about the effects of their systematic implementation.
1819. Bipolar permanent magnets for the treatment of chronic low back pain: a pilot study.
Chronic low back pain is one of the most prevalent and costly medical conditions in the United States. Permanent magnets have become a popular treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions, including low back pain, despite little scientific support for therapeutic benefit.
1820. Monitoring osteoporosis therapy with bone densitometry: misleading changes and regression to the mean. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group.
作者: S R Cummings.;L Palermo.;W Browner.;R Marcus.;R Wallace.;J Pearson.;T Blackwell.;S Eckert.;D Black.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷10期1318-21页
The principle of "regression to the mean" predicts that patients with unusual responses to treatment might represent outliers who are likely to have more typical responses if treatment is continued without change.
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