Depending on the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme, a colonoscopy should be performed within 1-3 months after a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) result. However, such short timescales may be difficult to meet and seem trivial when most CRCs take years to develop.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rapidly increasing with high risk to develop cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other end-stage liver diseases. However, only two drugs, resmetirom and semaglutide, have been approved by the US food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of MASLD, with relative low efficient and obvious side effects. Nanomaterials emerged with constantly growing availability of disease therapy benefiting from their well biocompatibility and appropriate properties.

Postdischarge morbidity and mortality is high in acute pancreatitis (AP) and pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Rigorous donor screening is fundamental for the safe and effective delivery of faecal microbiota transplantion (FMT) services, whether in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection or within microbiome intervention clinical trials. Donor screening is of paramount importance given the potential risk of pathogen transmission-a feared complication. While rare in practice, documented cases of FMT-associated infections have resulted in significant morbidity and even mortality. Despite the importance of screening, evidence-based approaches to developing donor-screening protocols are lacking. Inadequate screening for transmissible pathogens may lead to infections in recipients, while overly cautious screening for pathogens with negligible transmission potential could strain healthcare resources and unnecessarily exclude donors, who are already in limited supply. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence underpinning current FMT donor screening protocols. We began by comparing protocols from major FMT guidelines and manufacturers, highlighting their differences in lists of screened pathogens, laboratory assays and clinical characteristics used for donor selection. We critically appraised the existing literature on transmission dynamics for pathogens. These findings were incorporated into a Delphi process with an expert panel group to develop a rational and streamlined screening approach. We further emphasised the importance of maintaining transparency with regard to donor recruitment, screening, monitoring and traceback record keeping. Finally, we explored future directions in donor screening, including approaches to monitoring emerging pathogens and the potential for integration of new technologies, such as metagenomic assays, to enhance and refine donor selection.

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease characterised by oesophageal epithelial remodelling, barrier dysfunction and inflammation. The transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) has been shown to be a key regulator of epithelial proliferation and inflammation in allergic asthma.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a common medical emergency with evolving demographics and management strategies, particularly in medical/endoscopic therapy and transfusion strategies.

Bacterial translocation in cirrhosis can trigger infection and hepatic decompensation, leading to systemic inflammation, organ failure and increased mortality. These infections often originate from the gastrointestinal tract after bacteria breach the intestinal barrier and disseminate to systemic sites.

IBD has become a global disease in the 21st century that shifts through four epidemiological stages. Alterations in the gut microbiome consisting of a complex multikingdom community of bacteria, fungi and viruses are strongly linked to disease pathogenesis. Advances in sequencing technologies, multiomics integration and experimental approaches have shed new insights into host-microbiota interactions in IBD and characterised mechanisms through which the microbiota and its metabolites contribute to disease. We review the evolution of microbiome-based research, with a focus on genetic and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiota, the role of cross-kingdom microbiome and their bioproducts in disease development and new strategies by which microbiome-based approaches can be used to diagnose, monitor, prevent and treat IBD.

Both host and microbe metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) is altered in diabetes; however, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood.

Globally, an estimated 296 million individuals live with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, carrying substantial risks of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Fewer than 20% of patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues or interferons achieve a functional cure, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Peg-interferon (peg-IFN) plays an increasingly important role in HBV cure strategies, either in combination with novel antivirals, as a lead-in or as consolidation treatment.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) enable successful hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) downstaging or bridging for liver transplantation (LT) but increase allograft rejection risk. Although immune-related adverse events (irAEs) reflect immune activation during ICI therapy, their association with post-transplant rejection remains unclear.