Osteoporosis is an important cause for morbidity, but it remains underdiagnosed, and current screening programs for osteoporosis are underused.

Atelectasis during peripheral bronchoscopy can cause CT-to-body divergence, can cause false-positive radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound images, and can obscure a target. As shown in prior studies, ventilatory strategies to prevent atelectasis, although useful, cannot completely avoid this phenomenon.

Heart failure (HF) is common in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). We explored the impact of HF on in-hospital outcomes of patients with or at risk of OHS who were treated with mechanical ventilation (MV), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), or both.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a form of pulmonary hypertension characterized by unresolved thromboemboli and subsequent fibrotic obstructions of the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is the treatment of choice if feasible. Multidisciplinary evaluation by an experienced CTEPH team is essential to ensure proper patient selection, operability assessment, and appropriate perioperative management of patients with high-risk hemodynamics and right ventricular failure. In the early postoperative period, close monitoring in the ICU is necessary. These patients are at risk for profound oxygenation and hemodynamic derangements after PTE surgery. Inotropic support, diuresis, mechanical ventilation with adequately large tidal volumes, and supportive care for potential complications such as reperfusion lung injury or airway hemorrhage are at the core of ICU management. Anticoagulation is a key cornerstone of CTEPH treatment and must be started as soon as possible, while carefully weighing the risks of bleeding complications vs rethrombosis. Follow-up evaluation after pulmonary endarterectomy is essential to evaluate for residual pulmonary hypertension and identify patients who may benefit from additional treatments. Ultimately, optimal outcomes depend on an experienced multidisciplinary CTEPH team with an approach to care that spans the preoperative, early postoperative, and after discharge phases. This review aims to provide clinicians with practical guidance for the perioperative management of patients with CTEPH undergoing PTE surgery.

The prevalence of e-cigarette use is increasing, and e-cigarette users with no history of tobacco smoking report greater respiratory symptoms. Traditional evaluation of resting pulmonary function may fail to detect subclinical abnormalities.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is an incurable cystic lung disease primarily affecting women whose pathophysiologic features are only partially elucidated. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a diagnostic biomarker for lymphangioleiomyomatosis, but about one-third of patients have low levels, necessitating invasive lung biopsy.

Patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) often develop progressive disease with accelerated lung function decline, as well as increased mortality risk. Exertional desaturation during a 6-minute-walk test (6MWT) is associated with adverse outcomes in fILD; however, limited data inform the impact of recovery time from exertional oxygen (O2) desaturation, independent of hypoxemia.

The relationship between OSA-related nocturnal hypoxemia and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains controversial.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a common complication in patients in ICUs. IC can be divided into bloodstream infections (candidemia) and deep-seated infections. Candida infections are associated with high mortality and longer hospital stays. Moreover, the emergence of Candida auris and other species prone to cause ICU outbreaks highlights the importance of this pathogen.

Uptake of lung cancer screening (LCS) in the United States has been limited, and some groups have argued that the unprecedented Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) coverage mandate for shared decision-making (SDM) contributed to the low screening rates. Late in 2021, the CMS initiated an update of its LCS coverage determination, which included 2 public comment periods.

Dyspnea increases mortality and remains unexplained in 15% of patients. Although OSA is linked to reduced exercise capacity during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the association between dyspnea and OSA remains uncertain.