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161. Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma: A Review.
作者: Andrew J Cowan.;Damian J Green.;Mary Kwok.;Sarah Lee.;David G Coffey.;Leona A Holmberg.;Sherilyn Tuazon.;Ajay K Gopal.;Edward N Libby.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷5期464-477页
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by presence of abnormal clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with potential for uncontrolled growth causing destructive bone lesions, kidney injury, anemia, and hypercalcemia. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed in an estimated 34 920 people in the US and in approximately 588 161 people worldwide each year.
162. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Leila C Kahwati.;Gary N Asher.;Zachary O Kadro.;Susan Keen.;Rania Ali.;Emmanuel Coker-Schwimmer.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷4期368-383页
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, increases the risk of stroke.
163. Evaluating the Patient With a Pulmonary Nodule: A Review.
Pulmonary nodules are identified in approximately 1.6 million patients per year in the US and are detected on approximately 30% of computed tomographic (CT) images of the chest. Optimal treatment of an individual with a pulmonary nodule can lead to early detection of cancer while minimizing testing for a benign nodule.
164. Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Review.
Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the US had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 2018. This review provides an update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes.
165. Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects: A Review.
Many women spend a substantial proportion of their lives preventing or planning for pregnancy, and approximately 87% of US women use contraception during their lifetime.
166. Screening and Interventions to Prevent Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Miranda Pappas.;Tracy Dana.;Shelley Selph.;Erica Hart.;Rongwei F Fu.;Eli Schwarz.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷21期2179-2192页
A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that oral fluoride supplementation and topical fluoride use were associated with reduced caries incidence in children younger than 5 years.
167. Screening and Interventions to Prevent Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Karina W Davidson.;Michael J Barry.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;James Stevermer.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷21期2172-2178页
Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children in the US. According to the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, approximately 23% of children aged 2 to 5 years had dental caries in their primary teeth. Prevalence is higher in Mexican American children (33%) and non-Hispanic Black children (28%) than in non-Hispanic White children (18%). Dental caries in early childhood is associated with pain, loss of teeth, impaired growth, decreased weight gain, negative effects on quality of life, poor school performance, and future dental caries.
168. Management of Acne Vulgaris: A Review.
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin that primarily involves the face and trunk and affects approximately 9% of the population worldwide (approximately 85% of individuals aged 12-24 years, and approximately 50% of patients aged 20-29 years). Acne vulgaris can cause permanent physical scarring, negatively affect quality of life and self-image, and has been associated with increased rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.
169. Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review.
作者: Marc D Samsky.;David A Morrow.;Alastair G Proudfoot.;Judith S Hochman.;Holger Thiele.;Sunil V Rao.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷18期1840-1850页
Cardiogenic shock affects between 40 000 and 50 000 people in the US per year and is the leading cause of in-hospital mortality following acute myocardial infarction.
170. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization: The STROBE-MR Statement.
作者: Veronika W Skrivankova.;Rebecca C Richmond.;Benjamin A R Woolf.;James Yarmolinsky.;Neil M Davies.;Sonja A Swanson.;Tyler J VanderWeele.;Julian P T Higgins.;Nicholas J Timpson.;Niki Dimou.;Claudia Langenberg.;Robert M Golub.;Elizabeth W Loder.;Valentina Gallo.;Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen.;George Davey Smith.;Matthias Egger.;J Brent Richards.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷16期1614-1621页
Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use genetic variation associated with modifiable exposures to assess their possible causal relationship with outcomes and aim to reduce potential bias from confounding and reverse causation.
171. Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Review.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the esophagus that affects an estimated 34.4/100 000 people in Europe and North America. EoE affects both children and adults, and causes dysphagia, food impaction of the esophagus, and esophageal strictures.
172. Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jillian T Henderson.;Kimberly K Vesco.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Rachel G Thomas.;Nadia Redmond.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷12期1192-1206页
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that poses serious maternal and infant health risks. Previous systematic reviews have established benefits of low-dose aspirin taken during pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia and its sequelae.
173. Pancreatic Cancer: A Review.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a relatively uncommon cancer, with approximately 60 430 new diagnoses expected in 2021 in the US. The incidence of PDAC is increasing by 0.5% to 1.0% per year, and it is projected to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2030.
174. A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses of Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: The AGReMA Statement.
作者: Hopin Lee.;Aidan G Cashin.;Sarah E Lamb.;Sally Hopewell.;Stijn Vansteelandt.;Tyler J VanderWeele.;David P MacKinnon.;Gemma Mansell.;Gary S Collins.;Robert M Golub.;James H McAuley.; .;A Russell Localio.;Ludo van Amelsvoort.;Eliseo Guallar.;Judith Rijnhart.;Kimberley Goldsmith.;Amanda J Fairchild.;Cara C Lewis.;Steven J Kamper.;Christopher M Williams.;Nicholas Henschke.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷11期1045-1056页
Mediation analyses of randomized trials and observational studies can generate evidence about the mechanisms by which interventions and exposures may influence health outcomes. Publications of mediation analyses are increasing, but the quality of their reporting is suboptimal.
175. Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Amy Cantor.;Tracy Dana.;Jessica C Griffin.;Heidi D Nelson.;Chandler Weeks.;Kevin L Winthrop.;Roger Chou.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷10期957-966页
The 2014 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement supported the effectiveness of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in asymptomatic, sexually active women 24 years or younger and in older women at increased risk for infection, although evidence for screening in men was insufficient.
176. Screening and Interventions for Social Risk Factors: Technical Brief to Support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Michelle Eder.;Michelle Henninger.;Shauna Durbin.;Megan O Iacocca.;Allea Martin.;Laura M Gottlieb.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷14期1416-1428页
Evidence-based guidance is limited on how clinicians should screen for social risk factors and which interventions related to these risk factors improve health outcomes.
177. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Karen Crotty.;Jonathan D Y Yun.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Cynthia Feltner.;Sian Taylor-Phillips.;Colleen Barclay.;Andrea Dotson.;Claire Baker.;Casey P Balio.;Christiane E Voisin.;Russell P Harris.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷8期744-760页
Type 2 diabetes is common and is a leading cause of morbidity and disability.
178. Screening for Gestational Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jennifer Pillay.;Lois Donovan.;Samantha Guitard.;Bernadette Zakher.;Michelle Gates.;Allison Gates.;Ben Vandermeer.;Christina Bougatsos.;Roger Chou.;Lisa Hartling.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷6期539-562页
Gestational diabetes is associated with several poor health outcomes.
179. Does This Adult Patient Have Hypertension?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Anthony J Viera.;Yuichiro Yano.;Feng-Chang Lin.;David L Simel.;Jonathan Yun.;Gaurav Dave.;Ann Von Holle.;Laura A Viera.;Daichi Shimbo.;Shakia T Hardy.;Katrina E Donahue.;Alan Hinderliter.;Christiane E Voisin.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷4期339-347页
Office blood pressure (BP) measurements are not the most accurate method to diagnose hypertension. Home BP monitoring (HBPM) and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) are out-of-office alternatives, and ABPM is considered the reference standard for BP assessment.
180. Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: A Review.
Alcohol-associated liver disease results in cirrhosis in approximately 10% to 20% of patients. In 2017, more than 2 million people had alcohol-associated cirrhosis in the US. Alcohol-associated liver disease is the primary cause of liver-related mortality and the leading indication for liver transplant, representing 40% to 50% of all liver transplant in high-income countries.
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