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161. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Pulsed, Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Subjects at Risk of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Steven D Nathan.;Kevin R Flaherty.;Marilyn K Glassberg.;Ganesh Raghu.;Jeffrey Swigris.;Roger Alvarez.;Neil Ettinger.;Jim Loyd.;Peter Fernandes.;Hunter Gillies.;Bo Kim.;Parag Shah.;Lisa Lancaster.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷2期637-645页
The interstitial lung diseases include a variety of disorders, many of which are characterized by fibrotic changes (fILD). Of the fILDs, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates fILD and is associated with impaired functional capability, lower physical activity, and significantly reduced life expectancy. There is no proven treatment for patients with fILD-PH. We report results from the first cohort of a phase 2b/3 trial with pulsed inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients with fILD-PH.
162. Effects of the Combination of Atomoxetine and Oxybutynin on OSA Endotypic Traits.
作者: Luigi Taranto-Montemurro.;Ludovico Messineo.;Ali Azarbarzin.;Daniel Vena.;Lauren B Hess.;Nicole A Calianese.;David P White.;Andrew Wellman.;Scott A Sands.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷6期1626-1636页
We recently showed that administration of the combination of the noradrenergic drug atomoxetine plus the antimuscarinic oxybutynin (ato-oxy) prior to sleep greatly reduced OSA severity, likely by increasing upper airway dilator muscle activity during sleep. In patients with OSA who performed the ato-oxy trial with an esophageal pressure catheter to estimate ventilatory drive, the effect of the drug combination (n = 17) and of the single drugs (n = 6) was measured on the endotypic traits over a 1-night administration and compared vs placebo. This study also tested if specific traits were predictors of complete response to treatment (reduction in apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] > 50% and < 10 events/h).
163. Effect of Olfactory Stimulation by L-Menthol on Laboratory-Induced Dyspnea in COPD.
Inhalation of L-menthol as a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 agonist induces a cooling sensation in the airway. This cooling sensation induced through olfactory stimulation by L-menthol (OSM) alleviates dyspnea in healthy humans. Therefore, we investigated effects of OSM on the neural respiratory drive (NRD) and multidimensional aspects of dyspnea induced by inspiratory resistive loaded breathing in COPD.
164. Aprepitant for Cough Suppression in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Vanita Noronha.;Atanu Bhattacharjee.;Vijay M Patil.;Amit Joshi.;Nandini Menon.;Srushti Shah.;Sadhana Kannan.;Sadaf A Mukadam.;Kamesh Maske.;Sandeep Ishi.;Kumar Prabhash.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷6期1647-1655页
Although cough is a common and distressing symptom in patients with lung cancer, there is almost no evidence to guide treatment. Aprepitant, a centrally acting neurokinin-1 inhibitor, significantly decreased cough frequency in a pilot study.
165. Acute Ventilatory Support During Whole-Body Hybrid Rowing in Patients With High-Level Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.
作者: Isabelle Vivodtzev.;Glen Picard.;Felipe X Cepeda.;J Andrew Taylor.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷5期1230-1240页
High-level spinal cord injury (SCI) results in profound spinal and supraspinal deficits, leading to substantial ventilatory limitations during whole-body hybrid functional electrical stimulation (FES)-rowing, a form of exercise that markedly increases the active muscle mass via electrically induced leg contractions. This study tested the effect of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on ventilatory and aerobic capacities in SCI.
166. Validation of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) as an Outcome Measure in Bronchiectasis.
作者: Simon Finch.;Irena F Laska.;Hani Abo-Leyah.;Thomas C Fardon.;James D Chalmers.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷4期815-823页
Objective assessment of symptoms in bronchiectasis is important for research and in clinical practice. The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a short, simple assessment tool widely used in COPD. The items included in the CAT are not specific to COPD and also reflect the dominant symptoms of bronchiectasis. We therefore performed a study to validate the CAT as an outcome measure in bronchiectasis.
167. The Impact of Gravity vs Suction-driven Therapeutic Thoracentesis on Pressure-related Complications: The GRAVITAS Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Robert J Lentz.;Samira Shojaee.;Horiana B Grosu.;Otis B Rickman.;Lance Roller.;Jasleen K Pannu.;Zachary S DePew.;Labib G Debiane.;Joseph C Cicenia.;Jason Akulian.;Charla Walston.;Trinidad M Sanchez.;Kevin R Davidson.;Nikhil Jagan.;Sahar Ahmad.;Christopher Gilbert.;John T Huggins.;Heidi Chen.;Richard W Light.;Lonny Yarmus.;David Feller-Kopman.;Hans Lee.;Najib M Rahman.;Fabien Maldonado.; .
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷3期702-711页
Thoracentesis can be accomplished by active aspiration or drainage with gravity. This trial investigated whether gravity drainage could protect against negative pressure-related complications such as chest discomfort, re-expansion pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax compared with active aspiration.
168. A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study of Three Guided Bronchoscopic Approaches for Investigating Pulmonary Nodules: The PRECISION-1 Study.
作者: Lonny Yarmus.;Jason Akulian.;Momen Wahidi.;Alex Chen.;Jennifer P Steltz.;Sam L Solomon.;Diana Yu.;Fabien Maldonado.;Jose Cardenas-Garcia.;Daniela Molena.;Hans Lee.;Anil Vachani.; .
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷3期694-701页
The capability of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPNs) remains limited. Despite decades of effort, evidence suggests that the diagnostic accuracy for electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (EMN) and radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) approach only 50%. New developments in robotic bronchoscopy (RB) may offer improvements in the assessment of PPNs.
169. The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Orvepitant Is a Novel Antitussive Therapy for Chronic Refractory Cough: Results From a Phase 2 Pilot Study (VOLCANO-1).
作者: Jaclyn Smith.;David Allman.;Huda Badri.;Robert Miller.;Julie Morris.;Imran Satia.;Andrew Wood.;Michael K Trower.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷1期111-118页
Substance P and the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor are implicated in chronic refractory cough pathophysiology. We assessed the efficacy and safety of orvepitant, a brain-penetrant NK-1 antagonist, in an open-label study in CRC patients with chronic refractory cough.
170. Pre-EDIT: A Randomized Feasibility Trial of Elastance-Directed Intrapleural Catheter or Talc Pleurodesis in Malignant Pleural Effusion.
作者: Geoffrey A Martin.;Selina Tsim.;Andrew C Kidd.;John E Foster.;Philip McLoone.;Anthony Chalmers.;Kevin G Blyth.
来源: Chest. 2019年156卷6期1204-1213页
Talc slurry pleurodesis (TSP) prevents recurrence of symptomatic malignant pleural effusion (MPE) in 71% to 78% patients. Nonexpansile lung (NEL) frequently accounts for TSP failure but is often occult predrainage, impairing selection of patients. NEL is associated with high pleural elastance (PEL), but technical limitations have hampered the development of PEL as a predictive NEL marker. We performed a single-center, randomized, controlled, open-label feasibility trial of EDIT (elastance-directed indwelling pleural catheter or TSP) management, using a novel digital manometer and a new definition of high PEL.
171. Use of an Ultrathin vs Thin Bronchoscope for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Masahide Oki.;Hideo Saka.;Fumihiro Asano.;Chiyoe Kitagawa.;Yoshihito Kogure.;Akifumi Tsuzuku.;Masahiko Ando.
来源: Chest. 2019年156卷5期954-964页
When evaluating peripheral pulmonary lesions, a 3.0-mm ultrathin bronchoscope (UTB) with a 1.7-mm working channel is advantageous regarding good access to the peripheral airway, whereas a 4.0-mm thin bronchoscope provides a larger 2.0-mm working channel, which allows the use of various instruments including a guide sheath (GS), larger forceps, and an aspiration needle. This study compared multimodal bronchoscopy using a UTB and a thin bronchoscope with multiple sampling methods for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions.
172. A Randomized Trial of Nebulized Lignocaine, Lignocaine Spray, or Their Combination for Topical Anesthesia During Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy.
作者: Sahajal Dhooria.;Shivani Chaudhary.;Babu Ram.;Inderpaul Singh Sehgal.;Valliappan Muthu.;Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad.;Ashutosh N Aggarwal.;Ritesh Agarwal.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷1期198-204页
The optimal mode of delivering topical anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy remains unknown. This article compares the efficacy and safety of nebulized lignocaine, lignocaine oropharyngeal spray, or their combination.
173. Patient-Level Trajectories and Outcomes After Low-Dose CT Screening in the National Lung Screening Trial.
Shared decision-making is an essential element of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening for lung cancer. Understanding patient-level outcomes from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) is critical to effectively communicate risks and benefits of screening to patients.
174. Proteomic Profiling to Identify Blood Biomarkers Predictive of Response to Azithromycin in Children and Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis.
作者: Kang Dong.;Amrit Singh.;Raymond T Ng.;Don D Sin.;Scott J Tebbutt.;Felix Ratjen.;Bradley S Quon.
来源: Chest. 2019年156卷4期667-673页
Azithromycin reduces pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) risk in cystic fibrosis (CF), but not all individuals benefit. The goal of this study was to discover blood protein biomarkers predictive of clinical response to azithromycin treatment in children and adolescents with CF.
175. Association of Angiotensin Modulators With the Course of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Michael Kreuter.;David J Lederer.;Maria Molina-Molina.;Imre Noth.;Claudia Valenzuela.;Lutz Frankenstein.;Derek Weycker.;Mark Atwood.;Klaus-Uwe Kirchgaessler.;Vincent Cottin.
来源: Chest. 2019年156卷4期706-714页
Angiotensin peptides have been implicated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis. Angiotensin modulators are used to treat arterial hypertension, a frequent comorbidity of IPF. This post hoc analysis evaluated associations of antihypertensive treatments with disease-related outcomes in IPF.
176. Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome and ARDS After Extubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) has been described as supplying the combined advantages of nasal CPAP (NCPAP) and HFOV. However, its effect on preterm infants needs to be further elucidated. Our objective was to assess whether NHFOV could reduce intubation and Pco2 levels as compared with NCPAP during the postextubation phase in preterm infants.
177. Predictors of Response to Endobronchial Coil Therapy in Patients With Advanced Emphysema.
作者: Dirk-Jan Slebos.;Joseph Cicenia.;Frank C Sciurba.;Gerard J Criner.;Jorine E Hartman.;Justin Garner.;Gaëtan Deslée.;Antoine Delage.;Michael Jantz.;Charles-Hugo Marquette.;Charlie Strange.;Umur Hatipoglu.;Atul C Mehta.;Adam S LaPrad.;Gerald Schmid-Bindert.;Felix J F Herth.;Pallav L Shah.; .
来源: Chest. 2019年155卷5期928-937页
The Lung Volume Reduction Coil Treatment in Patients With Emphysema (RENEW) trial reported improvements in quality of life, pulmonary function, and exercise performance following endobronchial coil treatment.
178. Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in BAL: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Joseph R Paonessa.;Raj D Shah.;Chiagozie I Pickens.;Bryan D Lizza.;Helen K Donnelly.;Michael Malczynski.;Chao Qi.;Richard G Wunderink.
来源: Chest. 2019年155卷5期999-1007页
Guidelines recommend empirical vancomycin or linezolid for patients with suspected pneumonia at risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Unneeded vancomycin or linezolid use may unnecessarily alter host flora and expose patients to toxicity. We therefore sought to determine if rapid testing for MRSA in BAL can safely decrease use of vancomycin or linezolid for suspected MRSA pneumonia.
179. Interaction of Glutathione S-Transferase M1, T1, and P1 Genes With Early Life Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Lung Function in Adolescents.
作者: Xin Dai.;Shyamali C Dharmage.;Gayan Bowatte.;Nilakshi T Waidyatillake.;Jennifer L Perret.;Jennie Hui.;Bircan Erbas.;Michael J Abramson.;Adrian J Lowe.;John A Burgess.;Cecilie Svanes.;Caroline J Lodge.
来源: Chest. 2019年155卷1期94-102页
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are involved in the management of oxidative stress in the lungs. We aimed to determine whether they modify the associations between early life smoke exposure and adverse lung health outcomes.
180. Efficacy of Pirfenidone in the Context of Multiple Disease Progression Events in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Steven D Nathan.;Ulrich Costabel.;Ian Glaspole.;Marilyn K Glassberg.;Lisa H Lancaster.;David J Lederer.;Carlos A Pereira.;Benjamin Trzaskoma.;Elizabeth A Morgenthien.;Susan L Limb.;Athol U Wells.
来源: Chest. 2019年155卷4期712-719页
Declines in percent predicted FVC (% predicted FVC), declines in 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and respiratory hospitalizations are events associated with disease progression and mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The incidence of multiple events in the same patient over 12 months of pirfenidone treatment is unknown.
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