With the rising survival rate among children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), prioritizing patient-centered care to address the long-term effects of chemotherapy through tailored rehabilitation interventions is essential for optimizing their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an 8-week intervention using adaptive variable-resistance training (Adaptive-VRT) on chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia, fatigue, and functional restrictions in pediatric survivors of ALL.

Advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sq-NSCLC) has long relied on chemotherapy and, more recently, on its combination with PD-1 immunotherapy. Ibrilatazar (ABTL0812) is an innovative oral agent that induces cytotoxic autophagy selectively in cancer cells. In the ENDOLUNG trial we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of ibrilatazar combined with chemotherapy in sq-NSCLC patients.

The phase 2 trial KEYNOTE-158 ( NCT02628067 ) evaluated pembrolizumab in microsatellite-instability-high and mismatch-repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) noncolorectal tumors. With 373 participants (95% with baseline MSI/dMMR documentation) and 4.5 years of follow-up, the primary endpoint of overall response rate was 33.8%. Secondary endpoints of duration of response, overall survival and progression-free survival were 63.2, 19.8 and 4.0 months, respectively. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 50 (13%) participants. These results further support pembrolizumab use in MSI-H/dMMR tumors.

To compare intravitreal aflibercept alone versus aflibercept combined with oral anti-inflammatory supplementation in patients with diabetic macular edema.

Patients who experience progression of advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and who have previously received first-line systemic treatment have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.

RMX1002 (grapiprant) is a selective E-type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) antagonist and a promising candidate for cancer therapy, potentially enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of RMX1002 as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody toripalimab for advanced solid tumors. This multicenter, phase I trial enrolled patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced solid tumors. This study included three phases: Ia (dose-escalation of RMX1002 monotherapy from 200 to 650 mg BID), Ib (dose-escalation from 500 to 650 mg BID in combination with toripalimab), and Ic (dose-expansion of 500 mg BID with toripalimab). Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy were assessed. A total of 45 patients were enrolled (17 in phase Ia, 12 in phase Ib, and 16 in phase Ic). No dose-limiting toxicity was reported, and the MTD was not reached. Overall, 21 patients experienced RMX1002-related adverse events with CTCAE grade ≥ 3. Pharmacokinetics revealed rapid absorption of RMX1002 with the maximum concentration (Cmax) reached within 2 to 5 h, and dose-dependent increases in Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve. The increase in urinary metabolite of PGE2 suggested the inhibition of EP4 signaling pathway. The best response was stable disease, reported in 64.7%, 28.6%, and 18.8% of patients in phase Ia, Ib, and Ic, respectively. RMX1002 was well tolerated and showed a best response of stable disease. RMX1002 500 mg BID with toripalimab 240 mg every 3 weeks is the recommended dose for future trials.

DX1002 is an oral vascular-disrupting agent and exhibits promising results in preclinical studies, leading to tumor vasculature destruction and xenografted tumor necrosis in various animal models. In the phase 1 trial, 17 patients with solid tumors receive DX1002 ranging from 50 to 1,100 mg. The maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase 2 dose of DX1002 are determined as 600 mg once daily. The most common treatment-related adverse events are nausea (23.5%), vomiting (17.6%), and fatigue (11.8%). All patients are evaluable for anti-tumor response, 12 of which achieve stable disease as best response. One patient with non-small cell lung cancer achieves a stable disease duration of 6.5 months. The median time to progression (TTP) is 2.70 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-4.60). Interestingly, reduced blood perfusion is observed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in a patient with colon cancer. In conclusion, DX1002 is well tolerated and exhibits preliminary anti-tumor efficacy in patients with solid tumors. This study was registered at chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2400080298).

The oral factor Xa inhibitor, edoxaban, is effective and safe in cancer-associated Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) treatment. The EDOI study aims to evaluate compliance and quality of life (QoL) in patients with cancer-associated VTE treated with edoxaban during antineoplastic care.

Even with antiemetic prophylaxis, patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy often still experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists will prevent CINV effectively but are not affordable for patients of low socioeconomic status.

Fruquintinib is a selective, oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of all three vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, which is approved for patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer regardless of biomarker status. This population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis characterized sources of interpatient variability on the PK of fruquintinib and its major metabolite M11 using data from 557 subjects who received fruquintinib in five phase I/Ib studies and the FRESCO-2 phase III study. The integrated model was a one-compartment model with first-order absorption, lag time in absorption, and linear elimination for fruquintinib and a one-compartment model with linear elimination for M11. The half-life of fruquintinib and M11 were estimated to be 43.2 and 54 h, respectively. Fruquintinib PK demonstrated dose proportionality. Fruquintinib oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution (V/F) increased with increasing body weight. Fruquintinib absorption rate constant was 60.7% lower with concurrent use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), and fruquintinib V/F was 9.08% lower in healthy subjects versus patients with cancer. Magnitudes of the covariate effects of body weight, concurrent use of PPIs, and health status on fruquintinib exposures were estimated to be <20%, which is not considered clinically meaningful. Age (18.0-82.0 years), sex, race (Asian, Black, and White), ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, tumor type, mild or moderate renal impairment, and mild hepatic impairment had no clinically meaningful impact on fruquintinib or M11 PK. This analysis supports the same fruquintinib starting dosage, without need for adjustments, for these patient-specific factors.

PF-07209960 is an antibody-cytokine fusion molecule that consists of a single potency-reduced interleukin-15 (IL-15) mutein and a bivalent high-affinity anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) full-length IgG. This phase I study (NCT04628780) evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and potential clinical benefits of PF-07209960 in patients with selected locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors for whom no standard therapy was available.

Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse event of capecitabine causing treatment modifications. Topical urea cream can reduce sorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reaction. However, its benefit in preventing capecitabine-associated HFS was not seen early in the course and had been unknown with long-term use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of urea cream for HFS prophylaxis throughout capecitabine treatment.

Equivalence between HLX02 and trastuzumab sourced from the European Union (EU-trastuzumab), in combination with docetaxel, was demonstrated in a phase III study. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety data after 3 years of follow-up.

Data on exposure-response or exposure-toxicity relationships of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are limited and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between palbociclib exposure and progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs) and dose reductions.

Mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposomes (PLM60) have been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in China. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of PLM60 in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

PARP inhibitors may work synergistically to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We performed a parallel-arm study of tremelimumab, alone or with olaparib, in patients with recurrent EOC.

Tamoxifen, a common treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)‑positive breast cancer, is associated with an increased risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Curcumin, a compound in turmeric, has shown potential in mitigating liver disease progression. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of curcumin in preventing NAFLD in breast cancer patients initiating tamoxifen therapy.In this 6‑month triple‑blind, randomized placebo‑controlled trial, 44 ER+ breast cancer patients scheduled to receive tamoxifen were assigned to receive either curcumin (500 mg daily) or a placebo. NAFLD grade was assessed via ultrasound at baseline and after 6 months. Laboratory values and demographic data were collected, and adverse effects were monitored. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS version 16.Data of a total of 44 participants (22 participants in each group, mean age: 47.1 ± 6.0 years) were analyses. There were no significant differences between the placebo and curcumin groups regarding the demographic and baseline laboratory values. At study completion, significantly fewer patients in the curcumin group showed an increased NAFLD grade compared to the placebo group (13.6% vs. 54.5%; p = 0.03). Additionally, the prevalence of NAFLD grade ≥ 2 was lower in the curcumin group (13.6% vs. 40.9%; p = 0.04). No adverse effects related to curcumin were reported. Curcumin supplementation demonstrated a protective effect against tamoxifen‑induced NAFLD in ER+ breast cancer patients, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic adjunct to tamoxifen therapy. Larger multi‑centric trials are warranted to confirm these findings.

Selinexor (SEL) is a nuclear exportin 1 inhibitor that blocks the transport of nuclear proteins, including tumor suppressors, to the cytoplasm. Preclinical data suggest that the combination of SEL with checkpoint blockade may result in improved response to immunotherapy.

Venadaparib, a novel poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, has demonstrated high PARP-1/2 selectivity over other PARP family members and exhibited strong PARP-trapping activity, effectively inhibiting tumor growth in homologous recombination deficient (HRD) cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used cancer drugs. We developed "UPLIFT," a video and question prompt list (QPL) intervention to educate patients about ICI risks and benefits.