当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
1761. Abacavir-lamivudine-zidovudine vs indinavir-lamivudine-zidovudine in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults: A randomized equivalence trial.
作者: S Staszewski.;P Keiser.;J Montaner.;F Raffi.;J Gathe.;V Brotas.;C Hicks.;S M Hammer.;D Cooper.;M Johnson.;S Tortell.;A Cutrell.;D Thorborn.;R Isaacs.;S Hetherington.;H Steel.;W Spreen.; .
来源: JAMA. 2001年285卷9期1155-63页
Abacavir, a nucleoside analogue, has demonstrated suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication alone and in combination therapy. However, the role of abacavir in a triple nucleoside combination regimen has not been evaluated against a standard protease inhibitor-containing regimen for initial antiretroviral treatment.
1762. Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): a randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus.
作者: M S Kramer.;B Chalmers.;E D Hodnett.;Z Sevkovskaya.;I Dzikovich.;S Shapiro.;J P Collet.;I Vanilovich.;I Mezen.;T Ducruet.;G Shishko.;V Zubovich.;D Mknuik.;E Gluchanina.;V Dombrovskiy.;A Ustinovitch.;T Kot.;N Bogdanovich.;L Ovchinikova.;E Helsing.; .
来源: JAMA. 2001年285卷4期413-20页
Current evidence that breastfeeding is beneficial for infant and child health is based exclusively on observational studies. Potential sources of bias in such studies have led to doubts about the magnitude of these health benefits in industrialized countries.
1763. Effectiveness of oseltamivir in preventing influenza in household contacts: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: R Welliver.;A S Monto.;O Carewicz.;E Schatteman.;M Hassman.;J Hedrick.;H C Jackson.;L Huson.;P Ward.;J S Oxford.; .
来源: JAMA. 2001年285卷6期748-54页
Influenza virus is easily spread among the household contacts of an infected person, and prevention of influenza in household contacts can control spread of influenza in the community.
1764. One-year survival following early revascularization for cardiogenic shock.
作者: J S Hochman.;L A Sleeper.;H D White.;V Dzavik.;S C Wong.;V Menon.;J G Webb.;R Steingart.;M H Picard.;M A Menegus.;J Boland.;T Sanborn.;C E Buller.;S Modur.;R Forman.;P Desvigne-Nickens.;A K Jacobs.;J N Slater.;T H LeJemtel.; .
来源: JAMA. 2001年285卷2期190-2页
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the leading cause of death for patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
1765. E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators.
作者: D C Angus.;M C Birmingham.;R A Balk.;P J Scannon.;D Collins.;J A Kruse.;D R Graham.;H V Dedhia.;S Homann.;N MacIntyre.
来源: JAMA. 2000年283卷13期1723-30页
Knowledge and understanding of gram-negative sepsis have grown over the past 20 years, but the ability to treat severe sepsis successfully has not.
1766. Comparison of vignettes, standardized patients, and chart abstraction: a prospective validation study of 3 methods for measuring quality.
Better health care quality is a universal goal, yet measuring quality has proven to be difficult and problematic. A central problem has been isolating physician practices from other effects of the health care system.
1767. Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Most antidiabetic agents target only 1 of several underlying causes of diabetes. The complementary actions of the antidiabetic agents metformin hydrochloride and rosiglitazone maleate may maintain optimal glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes; therefore, their combined use may be indicated for patients whose diabetes is poorly controlled by metformin alone.
1768. Fludrocortisone acetate to treat neurally mediated hypotension in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: P C Rowe.;H Calkins.;K DeBusk.;R McKenzie.;R Anand.;G Sharma.;B A Cuccherini.;N Soto.;P Hohman.;S Snader.;K E Lucas.;M Wolff.;S E Straus.
来源: JAMA. 2001年285卷1期52-9页
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are more likely than healthy persons to develop neurally mediated hypotension (NMH) in response to prolonged orthostatic stress.
1769. Effectiveness of team-managed home-based primary care: a randomized multicenter trial.
作者: S L Hughes.;F M Weaver.;A Giobbie-Hurder.;L Manheim.;W Henderson.;J D Kubal.;A Ulasevich.;J Cummings.; .
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷22期2877-85页
Although home-based health care has grown over the past decade, its effectiveness remains controversial. A prior trial of Veterans Affairs (VA) Team-Managed Home-Based Primary Care (TM/HBPC) found favorable outcomes, but the replicability of the model and generalizability of the findings are unknown.
1770. Diurnal variation in fasting plasma glucose: implications for diagnosis of diabetes in patients examined in the afternoon.
Current diagnostic criteria for diabetes are based on plasma glucose levels in blood samples obtained in the morning after an overnight fast, with a value of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or more indicating diabetes. However, many patients are seen by their physicians in the afternoon. Because plasma glucose levels are higher in the morning, it is unclear whether these diagnostic criteria can be applied to patients who are tested for diabetes in the afternoon.
1771. Electroacupuncture for control of myeloablative chemotherapy-induced emesis: A randomized controlled trial.
作者: J Shen.;N Wenger.;J Glaspy.;R D Hays.;P S Albert.;C Choi.;P G Shekelle.
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷21期2755-61页
High-dose chemotherapy poses considerable challenges to emesis management. Although prior studies suggest that acupuncture may reduce nausea and emesis, it is unclear whether such benefit comes from the nonspecific effects of attention and clinician-patient interaction.
1772. Trace contamination of over-the-counter androstenedione and positive urine test results for a nandrolone metabolite.
作者: D H Catlin.;B Z Leder.;B Ahrens.;B Starcevic.;C K Hatton.;G A Green.;J S Finkelstein.
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷20期2618-21页
Several anabolic steroids are sold over-the-counter (OTC) in the United States, and their production is not regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration. Reports have suggested that use of these supplements can cause positive urine test results for metabolites of the prohibited steroid nandrolone.
1773. Stratified care vs step care strategies for migraine: the Disability in Strategies of Care (DISC) Study: A randomized trial.
Various guidelines recommend different strategies for selecting and sequencing acute treatments for migraine. In step care, treatment is escalated after first-line medications fail. In stratified care, initial treatment is based on measurement of the severity of illness or other factors. These strategies for migraine have not been rigorously evaluated.
1774. Treatment of acute hypoxemic nonhypercapnic respiratory insufficiency with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by a face mask: A randomized controlled trial.
作者: C Delclaux.;E L'Her.;C Alberti.;J Mancebo.;F Abroug.;G Conti.;C Guérin.;F Schortgen.;Y Lefort.;M Antonelli.;E Lepage.;F Lemaire.;L Brochard.
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷18期2352-60页
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is widely used in the belief that it may reduce the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency.
1775. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human nerve growth factor in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy: A randomized controlled trial. rhNGF Clinical Investigator Group.
作者: S C Apfel.;S Schwartz.;B T Adornato.;R Freeman.;V Biton.;M Rendell.;A Vinik.;M Giuliani.;J C Stevens.;R Barbano.;P J Dyck.
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷17期2215-21页
Nerve growth factor is a neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of small fiber sensory neurons and sympathetic neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) has demonstrated efficacy as treatment for peripheral neuropathy in experimental models and phase 2 clinical trials.
1776. Evaluation of HIV-1 immunogen, an immunologic modifier, administered to patients infected with HIV having 300 to 549 x 10(6)/L CD4 cell counts: A randomized controlled trial.
Despite enormous improvements achieved through the use of antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), the risk for eventual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression remains high. Agents that enhance the immunologic mechanism for viral recognition might reduce disease progression.
1777. Comprehensive follow-up care and life-threatening illnesses among high-risk infants: A randomized controlled trial.
作者: R S Broyles.;J E Tyson.;E T Heyne.;R J Heyne.;J F Hickman.;M Swint.;S S Adams.;L A West.;N Pomeroy.;P J Hicks.;C Ahn.
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷16期2070-6页
Inner-city high-risk infants often receive limited and fragmented care, a problem that may increase serious illness.
1778. Vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone for early medical abortion: A randomized trial.
作者: E A Schaff.;S L Fielding.;C Westhoff.;C Ellertson.;S H Eisinger.;L S Stadalius.;L Fuller.
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷15期1948-53页
The conventional timing of misoprostol administration after mifepristone for medical abortion is 2 days, but more flexible intervals, which may make the regimen more convenient, have not been studied.
1779. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Parkinson Study Group.
Pramipexole and levodopa both ameliorate the motor symptoms of early Parkinson disease (PD), but no controlled studies have compared long-term outcomes after initiating dopaminergic therapy with pramipexole vs levodopa.
1780. Efficacy of 3 commonly used hearing aid circuits: A crossover trial. NIDCD/VA Hearing Aid Clinical Trial Group.
作者: V D Larson.;D W Williams.;W G Henderson.;L E Luethke.;L B Beck.;D Noffsinger.;R H Wilson.;R A Dobie.;G B Haskell.;G W Bratt.;J E Shanks.;P Stelmachowicz.;G A Studebaker.;A E Boysen.;A Donahue.;R Canalis.;S A Fausti.;B Z Rappaport.
来源: JAMA. 2000年284卷14期1806-13页
Numerous studies have demonstrated that hearing aids provide significant benefit for a wide range of sensorineural hearing loss, but no carefully controlled, multicenter clinical trials comparing hearing aid efficacy have been conducted.
|