Anoctamin-1 (ANO1) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the potential prognostic role of ANO1 in cancers.

The evidence for associations between family history of prostate cancer and the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer is inconclusive. The first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was conducted to assess the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer associated with a family history of prostate cancer.A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of science databases up to January 31, 2019. Data were screened and extracted independently by 2 reviewers. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.Nine observational studies including 8,011,625 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (RR 1.12, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.14) with moderate quality evidence, subgroup analysis showed consistent results. Compared with no family history of prostate cancer, history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with a slight risk of ovarian cancer (1.10, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.20) with moderate quality evidence. Family history of prostate cancer among sibling was associated with a 17% increased risk of ovarian cancer (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34), however, no significant association was found between family history of prostate cancer among parent and risk of ovarian cancer (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.70).This review demonstrates that women with a family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. These findings may aid in screening, earlier detection and treatment of women with a family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is characterized by the overproduction of BCR-ABL, a tyrosine kinase with constitutive activity, in which the majority of CML patients have e13a2 or e14a2 transcripts. Reckoned the possible associations between the hematologic and molecular features of the disease, a profound understanding of different aspects of this neoplasm would be provided.

Targeted genetic testing is a tool to identify women at increased risk of gynaecological cancer.

This meta-analysis aimed to compare and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of blood and salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) in discriminating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Lung cancer in young patients is an uncommon and understudied entity that harbors distinctive epidemiological, clinic-demographic, and genomic features. We carried out a systematic review of genomic profiling in young patients with lung cancer from 2010 to 2020 in the main electronic databases and selected 23 manuscripts. Lung cancer in young patients occurs more frequently in women with adenocarcinoma histology and at more advanced stages. Some studies report higher oncogenic genomic alteration in this population, with higher anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements, a distinct profile of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, and other novel genomic alterations. Although still uncommon, the implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has shed some light on germline genomic alterations associated with lung cancer in young patients. Although outcomes when compared with the older population are conflicting, the overall prognosis is still poor in this subset of patients and efforts to find targetable genomic alterations should be made to improve survival.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma and usually presents as an indolent disease. However, some patients present poor outcomes, and FL can transform into more aggressive lymphomas, such as Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA molecules that participate in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, that are emerging biomarkers in cancer. In this systematic review, we included studies evaluating miRNA expression in tumor tissue as diagnosis, transformation or prognosis biomarkers in FL. We identified several miRNAs, which could be diagnostic biomarkers in FL: miR-155-5p and miR-9-3p as miRNAs of potential utility for diagnosis of FL, and miR-150 and miR-17-92 cluster for differential diagnosis between FL and DLBCL. Prognosis and transformation prediction have not been studied in enough depth to draw solid conclusions. Further research is needed to exploit the potential of this field.

Cystic lesions of the pancreas may range from benign to precursors of pancreatic cancer. Simple mucinous cyst (SMC) is larger than 1 cm, has a gastric-type flat mucinous lining, and minimal atypia without ovarian-type stroma. We report a new case of pancreatic SMC, coupling a systematic review of the English literature mainly focused on their clinic-pathological features. We reviewed 103 cases of SMC in adults (73 women), averaging 57 (range, 26-70) years. The SMCs were located in the body-tail region of the pancreas in 60 (58%) cases, presenting as single cystic lesions in 94% of cases; 43% of patients were asymptomatic. A preoperative fine-needle aspiration of the cyst fluid detected amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen positivity in 71% and 76% of cases, respectively. Patients underwent surgery mostly for suspected malignancy; in 83% of cases, a standard pancreatic resection was performed. Mean SMC size was 4.9 (range, 1.5-12.0) cm. Mucins MUC5AC and MUC6 resulted positive in 77% and 81% of cases performed, respectively, whereas MUC2 was negative in all but one patient. The SMC from our institution was characterized by a KRAS somatic mutation. The diagnosis of SMC should be considered when a solitary pancreatic cyst larger than 1 cm is detected in asymptomatic patients. To establish a correct diagnosis, an extensive histologic/immunohistochemical analysis is essential. The presence of a KRAS mutation highlights that SMC may represent another potential pancreatic cancer precursor.

To explore the strategy of pregnancy-preserving and maternal- fetal management in patients with primary gynecologic neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs) during pregnancy.

ackground: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. To understand the precise association, this meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the association between HER2Ile655Val single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to early-onset breast cancer.

Both meta-analyses and systematic reviews were used to assess the relationship between purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2RX7) rs3751143 polymorphism and the risk of cancer.

Nilotinib has been used as a third-line drug for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) after a failure of sunitinib. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nilotinib in different genomic subtypes of GISTs. We searched the English articles through EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PubMed Database regarding to the use of nilotinib on GISTs, which published up to February 15, 2019. Inclusion criteria were: GISTs patients received nilotinib in a clinical trial and had detailed genetic subtype records (such as KIT exon 9, KIT exon 11, or PDGFRA mutations, or wild-type). The clinical benefit rate was used to assess the efficacy of nilotinib. A total of 3 studies involving 218 GISTs were included in this meta-analysis. The overall OR (KIT group vs WT group) was 3.26 (95% CI: 1.14-9.28; P = 0.027, Pheterogeneity = 0.613). The overall OR in KIT exon 11 group vs WT group was 5.30 (95% CI: 1.79-15.68; P = 0.003, Pheterogeneity = 0.409). The overall OR in KIT exon 9 group vs WT group was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.02-0.86; P = 0.035, Pheterogeneity = 0.229). The overall OR in KIT exon 11 group vs exon 9 group was 9.96 (95% CI: 0.39-254.66; P < 0.0001, Pheterogeneity = 0.024). Different genotypes of GISTs showed different responses to nilotinib, and KIT exon 11-mutant GISTs mostly benefited from nilotinib, followed by KIT exon 9-mutant or WT one.

Recent trials have shown an overall survival (OS) benefit in 10-40% advanced cancer patients treated with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PD-L1 expression and the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with cancer with recurrent or metastatic disease, compared with control treatments.

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism (hereafter, G4C14-to-A4T14) and lung cancer risk.

Hypoxia is a characteristic of many solid tumours and results in an increase in expression of HIF-1α. Many studies have investigated the prognostic value of HIF-1α expression in breast cancer (BC), however, the prognostic value remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the prognostic value of HIF-1α in BC patients.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene Pro12Ala allele polymorphism (PPARG2 Pro12Ala; rs1801282) has been linked to both cancer risk and dietary factors. We conducted the first systematic literature review of studies published before December 2020 using the PubMed database to summarize the current evidence on whether dietary factors for cancer may differ by individuals carrying C (common) and/or G (minor) alleles of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that investigated the association between food or nutrient consumption and risk of incident cancer stratified by PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism. From 3815 identified abstracts, nine articles (18,268 participants and 4780 cancer cases) covering three cancer sites (i.e., colon/rectum, prostate, and breast) were included. CG/GG allele carriers were more impacted by dietary factors than CC allele carriers. High levels of protective factors (e.g., carotenoids and prudent dietary patterns) were associated with a lower cancer risk, and high levels of risk factors (e.g., alcohol and refined grains) were associated with a higher cancer risk. In contrast, both CG/GG and CC allele carriers were similarly impacted by dietary fats, well-known PPAR-γ agonists. These findings highlight the complex relation between PPARG2 Pro12Ala allele polymorphism, dietary factors, and cancer risk, which warrant further investigation.

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) may function as a diagnostic biomarker of breast cancer (BC). Nevertheless, the available evidence is controversial. Therefore, we performed this study to summarize the global predicting role of miR-155 for early detection of BC and preliminarily explore the functional roles of miR-155 in BC.

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in treating T790M mutationpositive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of osimertinib in treating advanced NSCLC patients with acquired T790M mutation.

Background: We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials & methods: After a systematic literature search bivariate linear mixed models were used to integrate sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio. The area under receiver operating characteristics curves of the included studies was used to estimate the diagnostic value. Results: Thirty-eight articles enrolled in quantitative synthesis. In overall analysis the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under receiver operating characteristics curves for cfDNA in distinguishing HCC patients from healthy controls were 0.54, 0.90, 5.23, 0.51, 10.27 and 0.82, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that cfDNA has a promising diagnostic accuracy in detection of HCC.

BACKGROUND The association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) risk remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between mtDNA copy number and HNSCC risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE until August 2020. Studies that assessed the association between mtDNA copy number and HNSCC as the outcome of interest were included. We performed a 2-class and dose-response meta-analysis to assess the association between cancer risk and mtDNA. RESULTS Eight articles (2 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies) with a total of 3913 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The overall results showed that mean mtDNA copy number level from 9 studies was 0.71 higher in patients with cancer than in non-cancer controls (the standardized mean differences (SMD) 0.71, 95% CI: 0.28-1.15, P<0.001). However, when 4 studies were pooled by dichotomizing mtDNA copy number at the median value into high- and low-content groups, no significant association between mtDNA content and overall cancer risk was found (odds ratio (OR)=0.87, 95% CI: 0.52-1.44, P=0.584). Furthermore, we observed a non-linear association from 3 studies between increased mtDNA copy number levels (P for nonlinearity <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The elevated mtDNA copy number could predict the risk of HNSCC as a biomarker. Moreover, there was non-linear relationship of risk between HNSCC and mtDNA copy number.