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1601. Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial.
作者: Rowan T Chlebowski.;Susan L Hendrix.;Robert D Langer.;Marcia L Stefanick.;Margery Gass.;Dorothy Lane.;Rebecca J Rodabough.;Mary Ann Gilligan.;Michele G Cyr.;Cynthia A Thomson.;Janardan Khandekar.;Helen Petrovitch.;Anne McTiernan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷24期3243-53页
The Women's Health Initiative trial of combined estrogen plus progestin was stopped early when overall health risks, including invasive breast cancer, exceeded benefits. Outstanding issues not previously addressed include characteristics of breast cancers observed among women using hormones and whether diagnosis may be influenced by hormone effects on mammography.
1602. Regional brain metabolic correlates of alpha-methylparatyrosine-induced depressive symptoms: implications for the neural circuitry of depression.
作者: J Douglas Bremner.;Meena Vythilingam.;Chin K Ng.;Eric Vermetten.;Ahsan Nazeer.;Dan A Oren.;Robert M Berman.;Dennis S Charney.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷23期3125-34页
We previously used positron emission tomography (PET) measurement of brain metabolism with 18fluorodeoxyglucose to show that patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) who have a tryptophan depletion-induced return of depressive symptoms have an acute decrease in metabolism in orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and thalamus. Many patients with depression in remission while taking norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) (but not SSRIs) experience a return of depressive symptoms with depletion of norepinephrine and dopamine using alpha-methylparatyrosine (AMPT).
1603. Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Paul Bolton.;Judith Bass.;Richard Neugebauer.;Helen Verdeli.;Kathleen F Clougherty.;Priya Wickramaratne.;Liesbeth Speelman.;Lincoln Ndogoni.;Myrna Weissman.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷23期3117-24页
Despite the importance of mental illness in Africa, few controlled intervention trials related to this problem have been published.
1604. Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial.
作者: Lisa F Berkman.;James Blumenthal.;Matthew Burg.;Robert M Carney.;Diane Catellier.;Marie J Cowan.;Susan M Czajkowski.;Robert DeBusk.;James Hosking.;Allan Jaffe.;Peter G Kaufmann.;Pamela Mitchell.;James Norman.;Lynda H Powell.;James M Raczynski.;Neil Schneiderman.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷23期3106-16页
Depression and low perceived social support (LPSS) after myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with higher morbidity and mortality, but little is known about whether this excess risk can be reduced through treatment.
1605. Aspirin and ticlopidine for prevention of recurrent stroke in black patients: a randomized trial.
作者: Philip B Gorelick.;DeJuran Richardson.;Michael Kelly.;Sean Ruland.;Elena Hung.;Yvonne Harris.;Steven Kittner.;Sue Leurgans.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷22期2947-57页
Blacks are disproportionately affected by stroke, and they are about 2 times more likely than most other individuals in the United States to die of or experience stroke.
1606. Paroxetine controlled release in the treatment of menopausal hot flashes: a randomized controlled trial.
Standard therapy for hot flashes has been hormone replacement with estradiol or progestational agents, but recent data suggest that antidepressants inhibiting serotonin reuptake may also be effective.
1607. Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Paul S Aisen.;Kimberly A Schafer.;Michael Grundman.;Eric Pfeiffer.;Mary Sano.;Kenneth L Davis.;Martin R Farlow.;Shelia Jin.;Ronald G Thomas.;Leon J Thal.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷21期2819-26页
Laboratory evidence that inflammatory mechanisms contribute to neuronal injury in Alzheimer disease (AD), along with epidemiological evidence, suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may favorably influence the course of the disease.
1608. Rapid magnetic resonance imaging vs radiographs for patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Jeffrey G Jarvik.;William Hollingworth.;Brook Martin.;Scott S Emerson.;Darryl T Gray.;Steven Overman.;David Robinson.;Thomas Staiger.;Frank Wessbecher.;Sean D Sullivan.;William Kreuter.;Richard A Deyo.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷21期2810-8页
Faster magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning has made MRI a potential cost-effective replacement for radiographs for patients with low back pain. However, whether rapid MRI scanning results in better patient outcomes than radiographic evaluation or a cost-effective alternative is unknown.
1609. Combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation in advanced chronic heart failure: the MIRACLE ICD Trial.
作者: James B Young.;William T Abraham.;Andrew L Smith.;Angel R Leon.;Randy Lieberman.;Bruce Wilkoff.;Robert C Canby.;John S Schroeder.;L Bing Liem.;Shelley Hall.;Kevin Wheelan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷20期2685-94页
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) through biventricular pacing is an effective treatment for heart failure (HF) with a wide QRS; however, the outcomes of patients requiring CRT and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy are unknown.
1610. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial.
作者: Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller.;Susan L Hendrix.;Marian Limacher.;Gerardo Heiss.;Charles Kooperberg.;Alison Baird.;Theodore Kotchen.;J David Curb.;Henry Black.;Jacques E Rossouw.;Aaron Aragaki.;Monika Safford.;Evan Stein.;Somchai Laowattana.;W Jerry Mysiw.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷20期2673-84页
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial of estrogen plus progestin was stopped early because of adverse effects, including an increased risk of stroke in the estrogen plus progestin group.
1611. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Stephen R Rapp.;Mark A Espeland.;Sally A Shumaker.;Victor W Henderson.;Robert L Brunner.;JoAnn E Manson.;Margery L S Gass.;Marcia L Stefanick.;Dorothy S Lane.;Jennifer Hays.;Karen C Johnson.;Laura H Coker.;Maggie Dailey.;Deborah Bowen.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷20期2663-72页
Observational studies have suggested that postmenopausal hormone treatment may improve cognitive function, but data from randomized clinical trials have been sparse and inconclusive. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) is an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy trials. On July 8, 2002, the estrogen plus progestin therapy in the WHI trial was discontinued because of certain increased health risks for women.
1612. Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Sally A Shumaker.;Claudine Legault.;Stephen R Rapp.;Leon Thal.;Robert B Wallace.;Judith K Ockene.;Susan L Hendrix.;Beverly N Jones.;Annlouise R Assaf.;Rebecca D Jackson.;Jane Morley Kotchen.;Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller.;Jean Wactawski-Wende.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷20期2651-62页
Postmenopausal women have a greater risk than men of developing Alzheimer disease, but studies of the effects of estrogen therapy on Alzheimer disease have been inconsistent. On July 8, 2002, the study drugs, estrogen plus progestin, in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial were discontinued because of certain increased health risks in women receiving combined hormone therapy.
1613. Combination therapy with hormone replacement and alendronate for prevention of bone loss in elderly women: a randomized controlled trial.
Therapy with individual antiresorptive agents has been shown to be effective for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but whether combination antiresorptive therapy with hormones and bisphosphonates is safe or efficacious or how these agents compare in elderly women is unknown.
1614. Active neck muscle training in the treatment of chronic neck pain in women: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Jari Ylinen.;Esa-Pekka Takala.;Matti Nykänen.;Arja Häkkinen.;Esko Mälkiä.;Timo Pohjolainen.;Sirkka-Liisa Karppi.;Hannu Kautiainen.;Olavi Airaksinen.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷19期2509-16页
Active physical training is commonly recommended for patients with chronic neck pain; however, its efficacy has not been demonstrated in randomized studies.
1616. Effect of a practice-based strategy on test ordering performance of primary care physicians: a randomized trial.
作者: Wim H J M Verstappen.;Trudy van der Weijden.;Jildou Sijbrandij.;Ivo Smeele.;Jan Hermsen.;Jeremy Grimshaw.;Richard P T M Grol.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷18期2407-12页
Numbers of diagnostic tests ordered by primary care physicians are growing and many of these tests seem to be unnecessary according to established, evidence-based guidelines. An innovative strategy that focused on clinical problems and associated tests was developed.
1617. Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope: Second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS II): a randomized trial.
作者: Stuart J Connolly.;Robert Sheldon.;Kevin E Thorpe.;Robin S Roberts.;Kenneth A Ellenbogen.;Bruce L Wilkoff.;Carlos Morillo.;Michael Gent.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷17期2224-9页
Three previous small randomized trials have reported that pacemaker therapy is beneficial for patients with severe recurrent vasovagal syncope. However, because these trials were not double blind, they may have been biased in their assessment of outcomes and had a placebo effect of surgery.
1618. Impact of electron beam tomography, with or without case management, on motivation, behavioral change, and cardiovascular risk profile: a randomized controlled trial.
Although the use of electron beam tomography (EBT) as a motivational tool to change behavior is practiced, its efficacy has not been studied.
1619. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial.
作者: Lawrence J Appel.;Catherine M Champagne.;David W Harsha.;Lawton S Cooper.;Eva Obarzanek.;Patricia J Elmer.;Victor J Stevens.;William M Vollmer.;Pao-Hwa Lin.;Laura P Svetkey.;Sarah W Stedman.;Deborah R Young.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷16期2083-93页
Weight loss, sodium reduction, increased physical activity, and limited alcohol intake are established recommendations that reduce blood pressure (BP). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet also lowers BP. To date, no trial has evaluated the effects of simultaneously implementing these lifestyle recommendations.
1620. Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial.
作者: Henry R Black.;William J Elliott.;Gregory Grandits.;Patricia Grambsch.;Tracy Lucente.;William B White.;James D Neaton.;Richard H Grimm.;Lennart Hansson.;Yves Lacourciere.;James Muller.;Peter Sleight.;Michael A Weber.;Gordon Williams.;Janet Wittes.;Alberto Zanchetti.;Robert J Anders.; .
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷16期2073-82页
Hypertensive patients are often given a calcium antagonist to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, but the benefit compared with other drug classes is controversial.
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