GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text].

Emergency Med: [Formula: see text] GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Neurology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text] Endocrinology: [Formula: see text].

This article examines the ethical challenges that medical experts have navigated when mobilizing biological and psychological evidence to advocate for transgender patients in legal proceedings across a quarter of a century. In 2002, clinicians from a private clinic in Galveston, Texas, testified on behalf of Michael Kantaras, a transgender male patient, during his divorce and custody trial. Presenting gender identity as an innate product of neuroendocrine development, medical experts in Kantaras v. Kantaras challenged portrayals of gender dysphoria as a psychological illness resulting from sociocultural factors. Although this biological argument was key to destigmatizing transgender identity and convincing the judge to rule in Michael's favor, transgender advocates have argued that such claims strengthen medical authority over transgender identities. The article draws parallels with L.W. v. Skrmetti, a 2023 case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court concerning bans on gender-affirming care for transgender minors, to analyze how physician experts have referenced neuroimaging and genetic-sequencing studies to support the biological foundations of transgender identity. Transgender advocates have similarly expressed concerns about the medicalization of their identities, criticizing these studies as limited with regard to capturing the diversity and complexity of transgender experiences. Through analysis of historical and contemporary court cases, this article identifies shifting evidence-based methods for studying sex, understanding gender identity, and evaluating gender-affirming care, as well as the rising prominence of patient-centered approaches that seek to move beyond medicalized conceptions of gender identity as key themes clinicians should consider in their advocacy for their transgender patients.

Limited research has been done to evaluate the combined effect of energy reduction, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and physical activity on type 2 diabetes incidence.

Rapid changes in the legalized cannabis market have led to the predominance of high-concentration delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis products.

Scarcity of data on the value of long-term routine laboratory toxicity monitoring (lt-RLTM) during disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use results in frequent monitoring in clinical practice.