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141. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Corinne V Evans.;Ilya Ivlev.;Megan C Rushkin.;Rachel G Thomas.;Allea Martin.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷23期2334-2347页
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death in the US, and vitamin and mineral supplementation has been proposed to help prevent these conditions.
142. Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷23期2326-2333页
According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 52% of surveyed US adults reported using at least 1 dietary supplement in the prior 30 days and 31% reported using a multivitamin-mineral supplement. The most commonly cited reason for using supplements is for overall health and wellness and to fill nutrient gaps in the diet. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death and combined account for approximately half of all deaths in the US annually. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to have a role in both cardiovascular disease and cancer, and dietary supplements may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
143. Does This Patient With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Have a Bacterial Infection?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Acute infectious conjunctivitis is characterized by ocular redness and discharge, and is a common clinical entity. Evidence-based tools to aid the clinical diagnosis of viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis are lacking and may contribute to overprescribing of topical antibiotics.
144. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Christina Bougatsos.;Rebecca Jungbauer.;Sara Grusing.;Ian Blazina.;Shelley Selph.;Daniel E Jonas.;Shandiz Tehrani.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷21期2129-2140页
A 2016 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that effective treatments are available for refractive errors, cataracts, and wet (advanced neovascular) or dry (atrophic) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there were no differences between visual screening vs no screening on visual acuity or other outcomes.
145. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;John W Epling.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;Melissa A Simon.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷21期2123-2128页
Impairment of visual acuity is a serious public health problem in older adults. The number of persons 60 years or older with impaired visual acuity (defined as best corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) was estimated at 2.91 million in 2015, and the number who are blind (defined as best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse) was estimated at 760 000. Impaired visual acuity is consistently associated with decreased quality of life in older persons, including reduced ability to perform activities of daily living, work, and drive safely, as well as increased risk of falls and other unintentional injuries.
146. Screening for Glaucoma in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Shelley Selph.;Ian Blazina.;Christina Bougatsos.;Rebecca Jungbauer.;Rongwei Fu.;Sara Grusing.;Daniel E Jonas.;Shandiz Tehrani.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷20期1998-2012页
Two 2013 systematic reviews to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess benefits and harms of screening for primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in adults.
147. Screening for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;John W Epling.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;Melissa A Simon.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷20期1992-1997页
Glaucoma affects an estimated 2.7 million people in the US. It is the second-leading cause of irreversible blindness in the US and the leading cause of blindness in Black and Hispanic/Latino persons.
148. Ethical Considerations for the Inclusion of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Research: The PRO Ethics Guidelines.
作者: Samantha Cruz Rivera.;Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi.;Jonathan Ives.;Heather Draper.;Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber.;Carolyn Ells.;Amanda Hunn.;Jane A Scott.;Conrad V Fernandez.;Andrew P Dickens.;Nicola Anderson.;Vishal Bhatnagar.;Andrew Bottomley.;Lisa Campbell.;Clive Collett.;Philip Collis.;Kathrine Craig.;Hugh Davies.;Robert Golub.;Lesley Gosden.;Ari Gnanasakthy.;Elin Haf Davies.;Maria von Hildebrand.;Janet M Lord.;Nirosha Mahendraratnam.;Tempei Miyaji.;Thomas Morel.;Joao Monteiro.;Ann-Dorthe Olsen Zwisler.;John Devin Peipert.;Jessica Roydhouse.;Angela M Stover.;Roger Wilson.;Christina Yap.;Melanie J Calvert.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷19期1910-1919页
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can inform health care decisions, regulatory decisions, and health care policy. They also can be used for audit/benchmarking and monitoring symptoms to provide timely care tailored to individual needs. However, several ethical issues have been raised in relation to PRO use.
149. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US.
150. Diagnosis and Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Review.
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a prevalent and disabling cause of low back and leg pain in older persons, affecting an estimated 103 million persons worldwide. Most are treated nonoperatively. Approximately 600 000 surgical procedures are performed in the US each year for lumbar spinal stenosis.
151. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Corinne V Evans.;Leslie A Perdue.;Sarah I Bean.;Caitlyn A Senger.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷16期1585-1597页
Low-dose aspirin is used for primary cardiovascular disease prevention and may have benefits for colorectal cancer prevention.
152. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Karina W Davidson.;Michael J Barry.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷16期1577-1584页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the US, accounting for more than 1 in 4 deaths. Each year, an estimated 605 000 people in the US have a first myocardial infarction and an estimated 610 000 experience a first stroke.
153. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a subtype of pulmonary hypertension (PH), characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling. The prevalence of PAH is approximately 10.6 cases per 1 million adults in the US. Untreated, PAH progresses to right heart failure and death.
154. Antiseizure Medications for Adults With Epilepsy: A Review.
Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. Persistent seizures are associated with a 20% to 40% risk of bodily injuries (eg, fractures, burns, concussions) over 12-month follow-up. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures while minimizing adverse effects of antiseizure drugs (ASDs).
155. Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Cynthia Feltner.;Christine Peat.;Shivani Reddy.;Sean Riley.;Nancy Berkman.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Casey Balio.;Manny Coker-Schwimmer.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷11期1068-1082页
Eating disorders are associated with adverse health and social outcomes.
156. Acute Cholecystitis: A Review.
Gallbladder disease affects approximately 20 million people in the US. Acute cholecystitis is diagnosed in approximately 200 000 people in the US each year.
157. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Review.
作者: John A Belperio.;Faisal Shaikh.;Fereidoun G Abtin.;Michael C Fishbein.;S Samuel Weigt.;Rajan Saggar.;Joseph P Lynch.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷9期856-867页
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory granulomatous disease of unknown cause that affects an estimated 2 to 160 people per 100 000 worldwide and can involve virtually any organ. Approximately 10% to 30% of patients with sarcoidosis develop progressive pulmonary disease.
159. Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Review.
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are characterized by a sudden reduction in blood supply to the heart and include ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina. Each year, an estimated more than 7 million people in the world are diagnosed with ACS, including more than 1 million patients hospitalized in the US.
160. Treatment of Tobacco Smoking: A Review.
作者: Nancy A Rigotti.;Gina R Kruse.;Jonathan Livingstone-Banks.;Jamie Hartmann-Boyce.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷6期566-577页
More deaths in the US are attributed to cigarette smoking each year than to any other preventable cause. Approximately 34 million people and an estimated 14% of adults in the US smoke cigarettes. If they stopped smoking, they could reduce their risk of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality and potentially gain up to 10 years of life.
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