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141. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Carrie D Patnode.;Nadia Redmond.;Megan O Iacocca.;Michelle Henninger.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷4期375-388页
Unhealthful dietary patterns, low levels of physical activity, and high sedentary time increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
142. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷4期367-374页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, is the leading cause of death in the US. A large proportion of CVD cases can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, including smoking, obesity, diabetes, elevated blood pressure or hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet. Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthy diet and physical activity have lower rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than those who do not; however, most US adults do not consume healthy diets or engage in physical activity at recommended levels.
143. Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatremia: A Review.
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and it affects approximately 5% of adults and 35% of hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia is defined by a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L and most commonly results from water retention. Even mild hyponatremia is associated with increased hospital stay and mortality.
144. Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health.
作者: Tracy A Balboni.;Tyler J VanderWeele.;Stephanie D Doan-Soares.;Katelyn N G Long.;Betty R Ferrell.;George Fitchett.;Harold G Koenig.;Paul A Bain.;Christina Puchalski.;Karen E Steinhauser.;Daniel P Sulmasy.;Howard K Koh.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷2期184-197页
Despite growing evidence, the role of spirituality in serious illness and health has not been systematically assessed.
145. Sickle Cell Disease: A Review.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, characterized by formation of long chains of hemoglobin when deoxygenated within capillary beds, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells, progressive multiorgan damage, and increased mortality. An estimated 300 000 infants are born annually worldwide with SCD. Most individuals with SCD live in sub-Saharan Africa, India, the Mediterranean, and Middle East; approximately 100 000 individuals with SCD live in the US.
146. Common Hand Conditions: A Review.
作者: Kelly Bettina Currie.;Kashyap Komarraju Tadisina.;Susan E Mackinnon.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷24期2434-2445页
Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and basilar (carpometacarpal) joint arthritis of the thumb can be associated with significant disability.
147. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Corinne V Evans.;Ilya Ivlev.;Megan C Rushkin.;Rachel G Thomas.;Allea Martin.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷23期2334-2347页
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death in the US, and vitamin and mineral supplementation has been proposed to help prevent these conditions.
148. Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷23期2326-2333页
According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 52% of surveyed US adults reported using at least 1 dietary supplement in the prior 30 days and 31% reported using a multivitamin-mineral supplement. The most commonly cited reason for using supplements is for overall health and wellness and to fill nutrient gaps in the diet. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death and combined account for approximately half of all deaths in the US annually. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to have a role in both cardiovascular disease and cancer, and dietary supplements may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
149. Does This Patient With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Have a Bacterial Infection?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Acute infectious conjunctivitis is characterized by ocular redness and discharge, and is a common clinical entity. Evidence-based tools to aid the clinical diagnosis of viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis are lacking and may contribute to overprescribing of topical antibiotics.
150. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Christina Bougatsos.;Rebecca Jungbauer.;Sara Grusing.;Ian Blazina.;Shelley Selph.;Daniel E Jonas.;Shandiz Tehrani.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷21期2129-2140页
A 2016 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that effective treatments are available for refractive errors, cataracts, and wet (advanced neovascular) or dry (atrophic) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there were no differences between visual screening vs no screening on visual acuity or other outcomes.
151. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;John W Epling.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;Melissa A Simon.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷21期2123-2128页
Impairment of visual acuity is a serious public health problem in older adults. The number of persons 60 years or older with impaired visual acuity (defined as best corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) was estimated at 2.91 million in 2015, and the number who are blind (defined as best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse) was estimated at 760 000. Impaired visual acuity is consistently associated with decreased quality of life in older persons, including reduced ability to perform activities of daily living, work, and drive safely, as well as increased risk of falls and other unintentional injuries.
152. Screening for Glaucoma in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Shelley Selph.;Ian Blazina.;Christina Bougatsos.;Rebecca Jungbauer.;Rongwei Fu.;Sara Grusing.;Daniel E Jonas.;Shandiz Tehrani.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷20期1998-2012页
Two 2013 systematic reviews to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess benefits and harms of screening for primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in adults.
153. Screening for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;John W Epling.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;Melissa A Simon.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷20期1992-1997页
Glaucoma affects an estimated 2.7 million people in the US. It is the second-leading cause of irreversible blindness in the US and the leading cause of blindness in Black and Hispanic/Latino persons.
154. Ethical Considerations for the Inclusion of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Research: The PRO Ethics Guidelines.
作者: Samantha Cruz Rivera.;Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi.;Jonathan Ives.;Heather Draper.;Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber.;Carolyn Ells.;Amanda Hunn.;Jane A Scott.;Conrad V Fernandez.;Andrew P Dickens.;Nicola Anderson.;Vishal Bhatnagar.;Andrew Bottomley.;Lisa Campbell.;Clive Collett.;Philip Collis.;Kathrine Craig.;Hugh Davies.;Robert Golub.;Lesley Gosden.;Ari Gnanasakthy.;Elin Haf Davies.;Maria von Hildebrand.;Janet M Lord.;Nirosha Mahendraratnam.;Tempei Miyaji.;Thomas Morel.;Joao Monteiro.;Ann-Dorthe Olsen Zwisler.;John Devin Peipert.;Jessica Roydhouse.;Angela M Stover.;Roger Wilson.;Christina Yap.;Melanie J Calvert.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷19期1910-1919页
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can inform health care decisions, regulatory decisions, and health care policy. They also can be used for audit/benchmarking and monitoring symptoms to provide timely care tailored to individual needs. However, several ethical issues have been raised in relation to PRO use.
155. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US.
156. Diagnosis and Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Review.
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a prevalent and disabling cause of low back and leg pain in older persons, affecting an estimated 103 million persons worldwide. Most are treated nonoperatively. Approximately 600 000 surgical procedures are performed in the US each year for lumbar spinal stenosis.
157. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Corinne V Evans.;Leslie A Perdue.;Sarah I Bean.;Caitlyn A Senger.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷16期1585-1597页
Low-dose aspirin is used for primary cardiovascular disease prevention and may have benefits for colorectal cancer prevention.
158. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Karina W Davidson.;Michael J Barry.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年327卷16期1577-1584页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the US, accounting for more than 1 in 4 deaths. Each year, an estimated 605 000 people in the US have a first myocardial infarction and an estimated 610 000 experience a first stroke.
159. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a subtype of pulmonary hypertension (PH), characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling. The prevalence of PAH is approximately 10.6 cases per 1 million adults in the US. Untreated, PAH progresses to right heart failure and death.
160. Antiseizure Medications for Adults With Epilepsy: A Review.
Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. Persistent seizures are associated with a 20% to 40% risk of bodily injuries (eg, fractures, burns, concussions) over 12-month follow-up. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures while minimizing adverse effects of antiseizure drugs (ASDs).
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