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1521. Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial.
作者: James J Ferguson.;Robert M Califf.;Elliott M Antman.;Marc Cohen.;Cindy L Grines.;Shaun Goodman.;Dean J Kereiakes.;Anatoly Langer.;Kenneth W Mahaffey.;Christopher C Nessel.;Paul W Armstrong.;Alvaro Avezum.;Phil Aylward.;Richard C Becker.;Luigi Biasucci.;Steven Borzak.;Jacques Col.;Marty J Frey.;Ed Fry.;Dietrich C Gulba.;Sema Guneri.;Enrique Gurfinkel.;Robert Harrington.;Judith S Hochman.;Neal S Kleiman.;Martin B Leon.;Jose Luis Lopez-Sendon.;Carl J Pepine.;Witold Ruzyllo.;Steven R Steinhubl.;Paul S Teirstein.;Luis Toro-Figueroa.;Harvey White.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年292卷1期45-54页
Enoxaparin has demonstrated advantages over unfractionated heparin in low- to moderate-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS) treated with a conservative strategy.
1522. Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Katherine Esposito.;Francesco Giugliano.;Carmen Di Palo.;Giovanni Giugliano.;Raffaele Marfella.;Francesco D'Andrea.;Massimo D'Armiento.;Dario Giugliano.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷24期2978-84页
Healthy lifestyle factors are associated with maintenance of erectile function in men.
1523. Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.
作者: Mark A Espeland.;Stephen R Rapp.;Sally A Shumaker.;Robert Brunner.;JoAnn E Manson.;Barbara B Sherwin.;Judith Hsia.;Karen L Margolis.;Patricia E Hogan.;Robert Wallace.;Maggie Dailey.;Ruth Freeman.;Jennifer Hays.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷24期2959-68页
The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) previously reported that estrogen plus progestin therapy does not protect cognition among women aged 65 years or older. The effect of estrogen-alone therapy, also evaluated in WHIMS, on cognition has not been established for this population.
1524. Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.
作者: Sally A Shumaker.;Claudine Legault.;Lewis Kuller.;Stephen R Rapp.;Leon Thal.;Dorothy S Lane.;Howard Fillit.;Marcia L Stefanick.;Susan L Hendrix.;Cora E Lewis.;Kamal Masaki.;Laura H Coker.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷24期2947-58页
The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) previously found increased risk for dementia and no effect on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in women treated with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA).
1525. Treatment of acne vulgaris with a pulsed dye laser: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Jeffrey S Orringer.;Sewon Kang.;Ted Hamilton.;Wendy Schumacher.;Soyun Cho.;Craig Hammerberg.;Gary J Fisher.;Darius J Karimipour.;Timothy M Johnson.;John J Voorhees.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷23期2834-9页
The high prevalence of acne vulgaris and its significant morbidity underscore the need for convenient, low-risk, and efficacious therapy. Treatment with various lasers has been reported to improve acne.
1526. Sustainability of reductions in malaria transmission and infant mortality in western Kenya with use of insecticide-treated bednets: 4 to 6 years of follow-up.
作者: Kim A Lindblade.;Thomas P Eisele.;John E Gimnig.;Jane A Alaii.;Frank Odhiambo.;Feiko O ter Kuile.;William A Hawley.;Kathleen A Wannemuehler.;Penelope A Phillips-Howard.;Daniel H Rosen.;Bernard L Nahlen.;Dianne J Terlouw.;Kubaje Adazu.;John M Vulule.;Laurence Slutsker.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷21期2571-80页
Insecticide-treated bednets reduce malaria transmission and child morbidity and mortality in short-term trials, but this impact may not be sustainable. Previous investigators have suggested that bednet use might paradoxically increase mortality in older children through delayed acquisition of immunity to malaria.
1527. Impact of the Mexican program for education, health, and nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children: a randomized effectiveness study.
作者: Juan A Rivera.;Daniela Sotres-Alvarez.;Jean-Pierre Habicht.;Teresa Shamah.;Salvador Villalpando.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷21期2563-70页
Malnutrition causes death and impaired health in millions of children. Existing interventions are effective under controlled conditions; however, little information is available on their effectiveness in large-scale programs.
1528. Monthly antibiotic chemoprophylaxis and incidence of sexually transmitted infections and HIV-1 infection in Kenyan sex workers: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Rupert Kaul.;Joshua Kimani.;Nico J Nagelkerke.;Karoline Fonck.;Elizabeth N Ngugi.;Florence Keli.;Kelly S MacDonald.;Ian W Maclean.;Job J Bwayo.;Marleen Temmerman.;Allan R Ronald.;Stephen Moses.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷21期2555-62页
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in female sex workers (FSWs) and may enhance susceptibility to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
1529. Effect of intensive handwashing promotion on childhood diarrhea in high-risk communities in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Stephen P Luby.;Mubina Agboatwalla.;John Painter.;Arshad Altaf.;Ward L Billhimer.;Robert M Hoekstra.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷21期2547-54页
Washing hands with soap prevents diarrhea, but children at the highest risk of death from diarrhea are younger than 1 year, too young to wash their own hands. Previous studies lacked sufficient power to assess the impact of household handwashing on diarrhea in infants.
1530. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Gregory J Merten.;W Patrick Burgess.;Lee V Gray.;Jeremiah H Holleman.;Timothy S Roush.;Glen J Kowalchuk.;Robert M Bersin.;Arl Van Moore.;Charles A Simonton.;Robert A Rittase.;H James Norton.;Thomas P Kennedy.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷19期2328-34页
Contrast-induced nephropathy remains a common complication of radiographic procedures. Pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate is more protective than sodium chloride in animal models of acute ischemic renal failure. Acute renal failure from both ischemia and contrast are postulated to occur from free-radical injury. However, no studies in humans or animals have evaluated the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate for prophylaxis against contrast-induced nephropathy.
1531. Terminal complement blockade with pexelizumab during coronary artery bypass graft surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized trial.
作者: Edward D Verrier.;Stanton K Shernan.;Kenneth M Taylor.;Frans Van de Werf.;Mark F Newman.;John C Chen.;Michel Carrier.;Axel Haverich.;Kevin J Malloy.;Peter X Adams.;Thomas G Todaro.;Christopher F Mojcik.;Scott A Rollins.;Jerrold H Levy.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷19期2319-27页
Inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass are associated with postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality.
1532. Effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Mihai Gheorghiade.;Wendy A Gattis.;Christopher M O'Connor.;Kirkwood F Adams.;Uri Elkayam.;Alejandro Barbagelata.;Jalal K Ghali.;Raymond L Benza.;Frank A McGrew.;Marc Klapholz.;John Ouyang.;Cesare Orlandi.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷16期1963-71页
Nearly 1 million hospitalizations for chronic heart failure occur yearly in the United States, with most related to worsening systemic congestion. Diuretic use, the mainstay therapy for congestion, is associated with electrolyte abnormalities and worsening renal function. In contrast to diuretics, the vasopressin antagonist tolvaptan may increase net volume loss in heart failure without adversely affecting electrolytes and renal function.
1533. Off-pump vs conventional coronary artery bypass grafting: early and 1-year graft patency, cost, and quality-of-life outcomes: a randomized trial.
作者: John D Puskas.;Willis H Williams.;Elizabeth M Mahoney.;Philip R Huber.;Peter C Block.;Peggy G Duke.;James R Staples.;Katherine E Glas.;J Jeffrey Marshall.;Mark E Leimbach.;Susan A McCall.;Rebecca J Petersen.;Dianne E Bailey.;William S Weintraub.;Robert A Guyton.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷15期1841-9页
Previous trials of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) have enrolled selected patients and have not rigorously evaluated long-term graft patency. A preliminary report showed OPCAB achieved improved inhospital outcomes, similar completeness of revascularization, and shorter lengths of stay compared with conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
1534. Computed tomographic colonography (virtual colonoscopy): a multicenter comparison with standard colonoscopy for detection of colorectal neoplasia.
作者: Peter B Cotton.;Valerie L Durkalski.;Benoit C Pineau.;Yuko Y Palesch.;Patrick D Mauldin.;Brenda Hoffman.;David J Vining.;William C Small.;John Affronti.;Douglas Rex.;Kenyon K Kopecky.;Susan Ackerman.;J Steven Burdick.;Cecelia Brewington.;Mary A Turner.;Alvin Zfass.;Andrew R Wright.;Revathy B Iyer.;Patrick Lynch.;Michael V Sivak.;Harold Butler.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷14期1713-9页
Conventional colonoscopy is the best available method for detection of colorectal cancer; however, it is invasive and not without risk. Computed tomographic colonography (CTC), also known as virtual colonoscopy, has been reported to be reasonably accurate in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia in studies performed at expert centers.
1535. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.
作者: Garnet L Anderson.;Marian Limacher.;Annlouise R Assaf.;Tamsen Bassford.;Shirley A A Beresford.;Henry Black.;Denise Bonds.;Robert Brunner.;Robert Brzyski.;Bette Caan.;Rowan Chlebowski.;David Curb.;Margery Gass.;Jennifer Hays.;Gerardo Heiss.;Susan Hendrix.;Barbara V Howard.;Judith Hsia.;Allan Hubbell.;Rebecca Jackson.;Karen C Johnson.;Howard Judd.;Jane Morley Kotchen.;Lewis Kuller.;Andrea Z LaCroix.;Dorothy Lane.;Robert D Langer.;Norman Lasser.;Cora E Lewis.;JoAnn Manson.;Karen Margolis.;Judith Ockene.;Mary Jo O'Sullivan.;Lawrence Phillips.;Ross L Prentice.;Cheryl Ritenbaugh.;John Robbins.;Jacques E Rossouw.;Gloria Sarto.;Marcia L Stefanick.;Linda Van Horn.;Jean Wactawski-Wende.;Robert Wallace.;Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷14期1701-12页
Despite decades of use and considerable research, the role of estrogen alone in preventing chronic diseases in postmenopausal women remains uncertain.
1536. Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Robert W Taylor.;Janice L Zimmerman.;R Phillip Dellinger.;Richard C Straube.;Gerard J Criner.;Kenneth Davis.;Kathleen M Kelly.;Thomas C Smith.;Robert J Small.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷13期1603-9页
Inhaled nitric oxide has been shown to improve oxygenation in acute lung injury.
1537. Community-integrated home-based depression treatment in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Paul Ciechanowski.;Edward Wagner.;Karen Schmaling.;Sheryl Schwartz.;Barbara Williams.;Paula Diehr.;Jayne Kulzer.;Shelly Gray.;Cheza Collier.;James LoGerfo.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷13期1569-77页
Older adults with social isolation, medical comorbidity, and physical impairment are more likely to be depressed but may be less able to seek appropriate care for depression compared with older adults without these characteristics.
1538. Cognitive behavior therapy for hypochondriasis: a randomized controlled trial.
Hypochondriasis is a chronic, distressing, and disabling condition that is prevalent in ambulatory medical practice. Until recently, no specific treatment has been clearly demonstrated to be effective.
1539. Clinical outcomes and costs with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or hysterectomy for treatment of menorrhagia: randomized trial 5-year follow-up.
作者: Ritva Hurskainen.;Juha Teperi.;Pekka Rissanen.;Anna-Mari Aalto.;Seija Grenman.;Aarre Kivelä.;Erkki Kujansuu.;Sirkku Vuorma.;Merja Yliskoski.;Jorma Paavonen.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷12期1456-63页
Because menorrhagia is often a reason for seeking medical attention, it is important to consider outcomes and costs associated with alternative treatment modalities. Both the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and hysterectomy have proven effective for treatment of menorrhagia but there are no long-term comparative studies measuring cost and quality of life.
1540. Effect of hysterectomy vs medical treatment on health-related quality of life and sexual functioning: the medicine or surgery (Ms) randomized trial.
作者: Miriam Kuppermann.;R Edward Varner.;Robert L Summitt.;Lee A Learman.;Christine Ireland.;Eric Vittinghoff.;Anita L Stewart.;Feng Lin.;Holly E Richter.;Jonathan Showstack.;Stephen B Hulley.;A Eugene Washington.; .
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷12期1447-55页
Although a quarter of US women undergo elective hysterectomy before menopause, controlled trials that evaluate the benefits and harms are lacking.
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