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1482. Efficacy of screening mammography. A meta-analysis.
To determine the efficacy of screening mammography by age, number of mammographic views per screen, screening interval, and duration of follow-up.
1483. Benefits and costs of screening and treatment for early breast cancer. Development of a basic benefit package.
To develop a basic benefit package for detection and treatment of early breast cancer by evaluating the effectiveness and costs for screening mammography, primary surgery, adjuvant therapy, and follow-up care.
1485. Hypertension in the elderly. Implications and generalizability of randomized trials.
作者: C D Mulrow.;J A Cornell.;C R Herrera.;A Kadri.;L Farnett.;C Aguilar.
来源: JAMA. 1994年272卷24期1932-8页
To estimate morbidity and mortality benefits of drug therapy for hypertensive elderly subjects, compare these benefits with effects in younger subjects, and provide a framework for generalizing results derived from trials to actual patients.
1487. Personality disorders. Current perspectives.
Personality disorders are estimated to occur in at least 10% of the population. They can be major sources of long-term disability, and they frequently exist in conjunction with other major psychiatric disorders or with general medical conditions. Not infrequently, patients with personality disorders seek help from primary care physicians for physical complaints, rather than seeking psychiatric help. When a personality disorder is present, treatment of other coexisting psychiatric or medical conditions is frequently more complicated, lengthier, or less successful, a pattern that may at times be due to lack of recognition of the personality disorder. When a personality disorder is diagnosed, more effective treatment may be prescribed, particularly in light of improved treatment strategies for these conditions.
1488. Management of heart failure. IV. Anticoagulation for patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
This article reviews the incidence of arterial thromboembolism in patients with heart failure who are not receiving anticoagulants. We also examine whether more severe ventricular dysfunction increases this incidence and the efficacy and risks of anticoagulation for patients in sinus rhythm.
1489. Management of heart failure. III. The role of revascularization in the treatment of patients with moderate or severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
This article reviews the benefits and risks of coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty for patients with moderate or severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and summarizes the recommendations of the expert panel for the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Heart Failure Guideline.
1490. Management of heart failure. II. Counseling, education, and lifestyle modifications.
作者: K Dracup.;D W Baker.;S B Dunbar.;R A Dacey.;N H Brooks.;J C Johnson.;C Oken.;B M Massie.
来源: JAMA. 1994年272卷18期1442-6页
This article reviews the role of counseling, education, dietary modifications, and exercise for patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
1491. Management of heart failure. I. Pharmacologic treatment.
This review of the pharmacologic treatment of heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction summarizes the recommendations of the expert panel for the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Heart Failure Guideline. It provides specific advice to help guide practitioners through clinical decision making.
1492. The effectiveness of four interventions for the prevention of low back pain.
Low back pain affects 60% to 80% of US adults at some time during their lives. This review evaluates the effectiveness of four strategies to prevent low back pain for asymptomatic individuals: back and aerobic exercises, education, mechanical supports (corsets), and risk factor modification.
1493. Weight cycling. National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity.
来源: JAMA. 1994年272卷15期1196-202页
To address concerns about the effects of weight cycling and to provide guidance on the risk-to-benefit ratio of attempts at weight loss, given current scientific knowledge.
1494. Permissive hypercapnia in acute respiratory failure.
To evaluate the potential efficacy of pressure limitation with permissive hypercapnia in the treatment of acute respiratory failure/adult respiratory distress syndrome on the basis of current theories of ventilator-induced lung injury, potential complications of systemic hypercarbia, and available human outcome studies.
1498. Transesophageal echocardiography of the aorta.
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become a widely used imaging technique for evaluating cardiac structure, function, and valvular anatomy. Transesophageal echocardiography has also provided a new perspective on the thoracic aorta, and there is growing evidence that the technique contributes valuable and sometimes unique information about aortic structure and pathology. Recently introduced multiplane transesophageal probes have improved visualization of the proximal and transverse aorta, but few comprehensive discussions of TEE's application in aortic disease exist. Therefore, we have reviewed the published literature and our institutional experience in transesophageal aortic ultrasonography. The available evidence strongly supports the use of TEE in aortic dissection and atherosclerosis and suggests potential utility in additional diseases of the aorta such as aneurysm, ulceration, trauma, and congenital or inherited malformation.
1499. Low-density lipoprotein density and atherosclerosis. Unraveling the connection.
To provide an overview of the relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) density and coronary artery disease and to examine this relationship in terms of lipid peroxidation and the atherogenic remnant hypothesis.
1500. Full publication of results initially presented in abstracts. A meta-analysis.
To estimate the rate of full publication of the results of randomized clinical trials initially presented as abstracts at national ophthalmology meetings in 1988 and 1989; and to combine data from this study with data from similar studies to determine the rate at which abstracts are subsequently published in full and the association between selected study characteristics and full publication.
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