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1301. Comparison of annual and biannual mass antibiotic administration for elimination of infectious trachoma.
作者: Muluken Melese.;Wondu Alemayehu.;Takele Lakew.;Elizabeth Yi.;Jenafir House.;Jaya D Chidambaram.;Zhaoxia Zhou.;Vicky Cevallos.;Kathryn Ray.;Kevin Cyrus Hong.;Travis C Porco.;Isabella Phan.;Ali Zaidi.;Bruce D Gaynor.;John P Whitcher.;Thomas M Lietman.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷7期778-84页
Treatment recommendations assume that repeated mass antibiotic distributions can control, but not eradicate or even locally eliminate, the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma. Elimination may be an important end point because of concern that infection will return to communities that have lost immunity to chlamydia after antibiotics are discontinued.
1302. Positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Alain Mercat.;Jean-Christophe M Richard.;Bruno Vielle.;Samir Jaber.;David Osman.;Jean-Luc Diehl.;Jean-Yves Lefrant.;Gwenaël Prat.;Jack Richecoeur.;Ania Nieszkowska.;Claude Gervais.;Jérôme Baudot.;Lila Bouadma.;Laurent Brochard.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷6期646-55页
The need for lung protection is universally accepted, but the optimal level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome remains debated.
1303. Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Maureen O Meade.;Deborah J Cook.;Gordon H Guyatt.;Arthur S Slutsky.;Yaseen M Arabi.;D James Cooper.;Andrew R Davies.;Lori E Hand.;Qi Zhou.;Lehana Thabane.;Peggy Austin.;Stephen Lapinsky.;Alan Baxter.;James Russell.;Yoanna Skrobik.;Juan J Ronco.;Thomas E Stewart.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷6期637-45页
Low-tidal-volume ventilation reduces mortality in critically ill patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Instituting additional strategies to open collapsed lung tissue may further reduce mortality.
1304. Comparison of paclitaxel- and sirolimus-eluting stents in everyday clinical practice: the SORT OUT II randomized trial.
作者: Anders M Galløe.;Leif Thuesen.;Henning Kelbaek.;Per Thayssen.;Klaus Rasmussen.;Peter R Hansen.;Niels Bligaard.;Kari Saunamäki.;Anders Junker.;Jens Aarøe.;Ulrik Abildgaard.;Jan Ravkilde.;Thomas Engstrøm.;Jan S Jensen.;Henning R Andersen.;Hans E Bøtker.;Søren Galatius.;Steen D Kristensen.;Jan K Madsen.;Lars R Krusell.;Steen Z Abildstrøm.;Ghita B Stephansen.;Jens F Lassen.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷4期409-16页
Approval of drug-eluting coronary stents was based on results of relatively small trials of selected patients; however, in routine practice, stents are used in a broader spectrum of patients.
1305. Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: John B Dixon.;Paul E O'Brien.;Julie Playfair.;Leon Chapman.;Linda M Schachter.;Stewart Skinner.;Joseph Proietto.;Michael Bailey.;Margaret Anderson.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷3期316-23页
Observational studies suggest that surgically induced loss of weight may be effective therapy for type 2 diabetes.
1306. Androgen suppression and radiation vs radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial.
作者: Anthony V D'Amico.;Ming-Hui Chen.;Andrew A Renshaw.;Marian Loffredo.;Philip W Kantoff.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷3期289-95页
Comorbidities may increase the negative effects of specific anticancer treatments such as androgen suppression therapy (AST).
1307. Lifestyle intervention and metformin for treatment of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Ren-Rong Wu.;Jing-Ping Zhao.;Hua Jin.;Ping Shao.;Mao-Sheng Fang.;Xiao-Feng Guo.;Yi-Qun He.;Yi-Jun Liu.;Jin-Dong Chen.;Le-Hua Li.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷2期185-93页
Weight gain, a common adverse effect of antipsychotic medications, is associated with medical comorbidities in psychiatric patients.
1308. Immunogenicity of a tetravalent meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine in infants: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Matthew D Snape.;Kirsten P Perrett.;Karen J Ford.;Tessa M John.;David Pace.;Ly-Mee Yu.;Joanne M Langley.;Shelley McNeil.;Peter M Dull.;Francesca Ceddia.;Alessandra Anemona.;Scott A Halperin.;Simon Dobson.;Andrew J Pollard.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷2期173-84页
Immunization with a meningococcal tetravalent (serogroup ACWY) glycoconjugate vaccine is recommended for all US adolescents. However, the currently licensed vaccine is poorly immunogenic in infancy, when the highest rates of disease are observed.
1309. Effect of testosterone supplementation on functional mobility, cognition, and other parameters in older men: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Marielle H Emmelot-Vonk.;Harald J J Verhaar.;Hamid R Nakhai Pour.;André Aleman.;Tycho M T W Lock.;J L H Ruud Bosch.;Diederick E Grobbee.;Yvonne T van der Schouw.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷1期39-52页
Serum testosterone levels decline significantly with aging. Testosterone supplementation to older men might beneficially affect the aging processes.
1310. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography vs ventilation-perfusion lung scanning in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: David R Anderson.;Susan R Kahn.;Marc A Rodger.;Michael J Kovacs.;Tim Morris.;Andrew Hirsch.;Eddy Lang.;Ian Stiell.;George Kovacs.;Jon Dreyer.;Carol Dennie.;Yannick Cartier.;David Barnes.;Erica Burton.;Susan Pleasance.;Chris Skedgel.;Keith O'Rouke.;Philip S Wells.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷23期2743-53页
Ventilation-perfusion (V(dot)Q(dot) lung scanning and computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) are widely used imaging procedures for the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ventilation-perfusion scanning has been largely replaced by CTPA in many centers despite limited comparative formal evaluations and concerns about CTPA's low sensitivity (ie, chance of missing clinically important pulmonary embuli).
1311. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial.
作者: Pratik P Pandharipande.;Brenda T Pun.;Daniel L Herr.;Mervyn Maze.;Timothy D Girard.;Russell R Miller.;Ayumi K Shintani.;Jennifer L Thompson.;James C Jackson.;Stephen A Deppen.;Renee A Stiles.;Robert S Dittus.;Gordon R Bernard.;E Wesley Ely.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷22期2644-53页
Lorazepam is currently recommended for sustained sedation of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but this and other benzodiazepine drugs may contribute to acute brain dysfunction, ie, delirium and coma, associated with prolonged hospital stays, costs, and increased mortality. Dexmedetomidine induces sedation via different central nervous system receptors than the benzodiazepine drugs and may lower the risk of acute brain dysfunction.
1312. Geriatric care management for low-income seniors: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Steven R Counsell.;Christopher M Callahan.;Daniel O Clark.;Wanzhu Tu.;Amna B Buttar.;Timothy E Stump.;Gretchen D Ricketts.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷22期2623-33页
Low-income seniors frequently have multiple chronic medical conditions for which they often fail to receive the recommended standard of care.
1313. Antithrombotic strategies in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early invasive management: one-year results from the ACUITY trial.
作者: Gregg W Stone.;James H Ware.;Michel E Bertrand.;A Michael Lincoff.;Jeffrey W Moses.;E Magnus Ohman.;Harvey D White.;Frederick Feit.;Antonio Colombo.;Brent T McLaurin.;David A Cox.;Steven V Manoukian.;Martin Fahy.;Tim C Clayton.;Roxana Mehran.;Stuart J Pocock.; .
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷21期2497-506页
At 30-day follow-up, patients with moderate- and high-risk acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing early invasive treatment in the ACUITY trial with bivalirudin monotherapy vs heparin plus glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors had noninferior rates of adverse ischemic events with reduced rates of major bleeding. Deferred upstream use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors for selective administration to patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) resulted in a significant reduction in major bleeding, although a small increase in composite ischemia could not be excluded.
1314. Antibiotics and topical nasal steroid for treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Ian G Williamson.;Kate Rumsby.;Sarah Benge.;Michael Moore.;Peter W Smith.;Martine Cross.;Paul Little.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷21期2487-96页
Acute sinusitis is a common clinical problem that usually results in a prescription for antibiotics but the role of antibiotics is debated. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as topical steroids may be beneficial but are underresearched.
1315. Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
作者: Rafael Díaz.;Abhinav Goyal.;Shamir R Mehta.;Rizwan Afzal.;Denis Xavier.;Prem Pais.;Susan Chrolavicius.;Jun Zhu.;Khawar Kazmi.;Lisheng Liu.;Andrzej Budaj.;Mohammad Zubaid.;Alvaro Avezum.;Mikhail Ruda.;Salim Yusuf.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷20期2399-405页
The clinical benefit of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear. While some smaller trials suggest benefit, in the CREATE-ECLA trial, GIK infusion had no effect on 30-day mortality in 20,201 patients.
1316. Effects of tezosentan on symptoms and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: the VERITAS randomized controlled trials.
作者: John J V McMurray.;John R Teerlink.;Gadi Cotter.;Robert C Bourge.;John G F Cleland.;Guillaume Jondeau.;Henry Krum.;Marco Metra.;Christopher M O'Connor.;John D Parker.;Guillermo Torre-Amione.;Dirk J van Veldhuisen.;Jim Lewsey.;Aline Frey.;Maurizio Rainisio.;Isaac Kobrin.; .
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷17期2009-19页
Plasma concentrations of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 are increased in patients with heart failure, and higher concentrations are associated with worse outcomes. Tezosentan is an intravenous short-acting endothelin receptor antagonist that has favorable hemodynamic actions in heart failure.
1317. Informing resource-poor populations and the delivery of entitled health and social services in rural India: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
作者: Priyanka Pandey.;Ashwini R Sehgal.;Michelle Riboud.;David Levine.;Madhav Goyal.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷16期1867-75页
A lack of awareness about entitled health and social services may contribute to poor delivery of such services in developing countries, especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status.
1318. Efficacy of maintenance treatment approaches for childhood overweight: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Denise E Wilfley.;Richard I Stein.;Brian E Saelens.;Danyte S Mockus.;Georg E Matt.;Helen A Hayden-Wade.;R Robinson Welch.;Kenneth B Schechtman.;Paul A Thompson.;Leonard H Epstein.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷14期1661-73页
No trials for childhood overweight have examined maintenance interventions to augment the effects of initial weight loss programs.
1319. Topiramate for treating alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Bankole A Johnson.;Norman Rosenthal.;Julie A Capece.;Frank Wiegand.;Lian Mao.;Karen Beyers.;Amy McKay.;Nassima Ait-Daoud.;Raymond F Anton.;Domenic A Ciraulo.;Henry R Kranzler.;Karl Mann.;Stephanie S O'Malley.;Robert M Swift.; .; .
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷14期1641-51页
Hypothetically, topiramate can improve drinking outcomes among alcohol-dependent individuals by reducing alcohol's reinforcing effects through facilitation of gamma-aminobutyric acid function and inhibition of glutaminergic pathways in the corticomesolimbic system.
1320. Effect of perindopril on large artery stiffness and aortic root diameter in patients with Marfan syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Anna A Ahimastos.;Anuradha Aggarwal.;Kellie M D'Orsa.;Melissa F Formosa.;Anthony J White.;Ravi Savarirayan.;Anthony M Dart.;Bronwyn A Kingwell.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷13期1539-47页
Aortic stiffness is increased in Marfan syndrome contributing to aortic dilatation and rupture, the major cause of premature death in this population. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to reduce arterial stiffness.
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