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1261. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Steven T DeKosky.;Jeff D Williamson.;Annette L Fitzpatrick.;Richard A Kronmal.;Diane G Ives.;Judith A Saxton.;Oscar L Lopez.;Gregory Burke.;Michelle C Carlson.;Linda P Fried.;Lewis H Kuller.;John A Robbins.;Russell P Tracy.;Nancy F Woolard.;Leslie Dunn.;Beth E Snitz.;Richard L Nahin.;Curt D Furberg.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷19期2253-62页
Ginkgo biloba is widely used for its potential effects on memory and cognition. To date, adequately powered clinical trials testing the effect of G. biloba on dementia incidence are lacking.
1262. Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Hisao Ogawa.;Masafumi Nakayama.;Takeshi Morimoto.;Shiro Uemura.;Masao Kanauchi.;Naofumi Doi.;Hideaki Jinnouchi.;Seigo Sugiyama.;Yoshihiko Saito.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷18期2134-41页
Previous trials have investigated the effects of low-dose aspirin on primary prevention of cardiovascular events, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes.
1263. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial.
作者: Howard D Sesso.;Julie E Buring.;William G Christen.;Tobias Kurth.;Charlene Belanger.;Jean MacFadyen.;Vadim Bubes.;JoAnn E Manson.;Robert J Glynn.;J Michael Gaziano.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷18期2123-33页
Basic research and observational studies suggest vitamin E or vitamin C may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, few long-term trials have evaluated men at initially low risk of cardiovascular disease, and no previous trial in men has examined vitamin C alone in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
1264. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial.
作者: Shumin M Zhang.;Nancy R Cook.;Christine M Albert.;J Michael Gaziano.;Julie E Buring.;Joann E Manson.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷17期2012-21页
Folate, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) are thought to play an important role in cancer prevention.
1265. Extended vs short-term buprenorphine-naloxone for treatment of opioid-addicted youth: a randomized trial.
作者: George E Woody.;Sabrina A Poole.;Geetha Subramaniam.;Karen Dugosh.;Michael Bogenschutz.;Patrick Abbott.;Ashwin Patkar.;Mark Publicker.;Karen McCain.;Jennifer Sharpe Potter.;Robert Forman.;Victoria Vetter.;Laura McNicholas.;Jack Blaine.;Kevin G Lynch.;Paul Fudala.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷17期2003-11页
The usual treatment for opioid-addicted youth is detoxification and counseling. Extended medication-assisted therapy may be more helpful.
1266. Continuous vs episodic prophylactic treatment with amiodarone for the prevention of atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial.
作者: Sheba Ahmed.;Michiel Rienstra.;Harry J G M Crijns.;Thera P Links.;Ans C P Wiesfeld.;Hans L Hillege.;Hans A Bosker.;Dirk J A Lok.;Dirk J Van Veldhuisen.;Isabelle C Van Gelder.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷15期1784-92页
Amiodarone effectively suppresses atrial fibrillation but causes many adverse events.
1267. High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Paul S Aisen.;Lon S Schneider.;Mary Sano.;Ramon Diaz-Arrastia.;Christopher H van Dyck.;Myron F Weiner.;Teodoro Bottiglieri.;Shelia Jin.;Karen T Stokes.;Ronald G Thomas.;Leon J Thal.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷15期1774-83页
Blood levels of homocysteine may be increased in Alzheimer disease (AD) and hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to disease pathophysiology by vascular and direct neurotoxic mechanisms. Even in the absence of vitamin deficiency, homocysteine levels can be reduced by administration of high-dose supplements of folic acid and vitamins B(6) and B(12). Prior studies of B vitamins to reduce homocysteine in AD have not had sufficient size or duration to assess their effect on cognitive decline.
1268. Serial 2-point ultrasonography plus D-dimer vs whole-leg color-coded Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosing suspected symptomatic deep vein thrombosis: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Enrico Bernardi.;Giuseppe Camporese.;Harry R Büller.;Sergio Siragusa.;Davide Imberti.;Arrigo Berchio.;Angelo Ghirarduzzi.;Fabio Verlato.;Raffaela Anastasio.;Carolina Prati.;Andrea Piccioli.;Raffaele Pesavento.;Carlo Bova.;Patrizia Maltempi.;Nello Zanatta.;Alberto Cogo.;Roberto Cappelli.;Eugenio Bucherini.;Stefano Cuppini.;Franco Noventa.;Paolo Prandoni.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷14期1653-9页
Patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities are usually investigated with ultrasonography either by the proximal veins (2-point ultrasonography) or the entire deep vein system (whole-leg ultrasonography). The latter approach is thought to be better based on its ability to detect isolated calf vein thrombosis; however, it requires skilled operators and is mainly available only during working hours. No randomized comparisons are yet available evaluating the relative values of these 2 strategies.
1269. Effects of a reduced dose schedule and intramuscular administration of anthrax vaccine adsorbed on immunogenicity and safety at 7 months: a randomized trial.
作者: Nina Marano.;Brian D Plikaytis.;Stacey W Martin.;Charles Rose.;Vera A Semenova.;Sandra K Martin.;Alison E Freeman.;Han Li.;Mark J Mulligan.;Scott D Parker.;Janiine Babcock.;Wendy Keitel.;Hana El Sahly.;Gregory A Poland.;Robert M Jacobson.;Harry L Keyserling.;Stephen D Soroka.;Sarah P Fox.;John L Stamper.;Michael M McNeil.;Bradley A Perkins.;Nancy Messonnier.;Conrad P Quinn.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷13期1532-43页
In 1999, the US Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a pivotal safety and efficacy study of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA).
1270. Sodium bicarbonate vs sodium chloride for the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a randomized trial.
作者: Somjot S Brar.;Albert Yuh-Jer Shen.;Michael B Jorgensen.;Adam Kotlewski.;Vicken J Aharonian.;Natasha Desai.;Michael Ree.;Ahmed Ijaz Shah.;Raoul J Burchette.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷9期1038-46页
Sodium bicarbonate has been suggested as a possible strategy for prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy, a common cause of renal failure associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased health care costs, and substantial morbidity and mortality.
1271. Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial.
作者: Nicola T Lautenschlager.;Kay L Cox.;Leon Flicker.;Jonathan K Foster.;Frank M van Bockxmeer.;Jianguo Xiao.;Kathryn R Greenop.;Osvaldo P Almeida.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷9期1027-37页
Many observational studies have shown that physical activity reduces the risk of cognitive decline; however, evidence from randomized trials is lacking.
1272. Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: a randomized trial.
Hyperuricemia is a predictor for the development of hypertension and is commonly present in new-onset essential hypertension. Experimentally increasing uric acid levels using a uricase inhibitor causes systemic hypertension in animal models.
1273. Silver-coated endotracheal tubes and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: the NASCENT randomized trial.
作者: Marin H Kollef.;Bekele Afessa.;Antonio Anzueto.;Christopher Veremakis.;Kim M Kerr.;Benjamin D Margolis.;Donald E Craven.;Pamela R Roberts.;Alejandro C Arroliga.;Rolf D Hubmayr.;Marcos I Restrepo.;William R Auger.;Regina Schinner.; .
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷7期805-13页
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) causes substantial morbidity. A silver-coated endotracheal tube has been designed to reduce VAP incidence by preventing bacterial colonization and biofilm formation.
1274. Mortality and cardiovascular events in patients treated with homocysteine-lowering B vitamins after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Marta Ebbing.;Øyvind Bleie.;Per Magne Ueland.;Jan Erik Nordrehaug.;Dennis W Nilsen.;Stein Emil Vollset.;Helga Refsum.;Eva Kristine Ringdal Pedersen.;Ottar Nygård.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷7期795-804页
Observational studies have reported associations between circulating total homocysteine concentration and risk of cardiovascular disease. Oral administration of folic acid and vitamin B(12) can lower plasma total homocysteine levels.
1275. School-based mental health intervention for children affected by political violence in Indonesia: a cluster randomized trial.
作者: Wietse A Tol.;Ivan H Komproe.;Dessy Susanty.;Mark J D Jordans.;Robert D Macy.;Joop T V M De Jong.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷6期655-62页
Little is known about the efficacy of mental health interventions for children exposed to armed conflicts in low- and middle-income settings. Childhood mental health problems are difficult to address in situations of ongoing poverty and political instability.
1276. Low-dose physiological growth hormone in patients with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Janet Lo.;Sung Min You.;Bridget Canavan.;James Liebau.;Greg Beltrani.;Polyxeni Koutkia.;Linda Hemphill.;Hang Lee.;Steven Grinspoon.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷5期509-19页
Antiretroviral therapy can be associated with visceral adiposity and metabolic complications, increasing cardiovascular risk, and reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion may be a contributing factor.
1277. Sildenafil treatment of women with antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: H George Nurnberg.;Paula L Hensley.;Julia R Heiman.;Harry A Croft.;Charles Debattista.;Susan Paine.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷4期395-404页
Antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction is a common adverse effect that frequently results in premature medication treatment discontinuation and for which no treatment has demonstrated efficacy in women.
1278. Effect of simvastatin on cognitive functioning in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Lianne C Krab.;Arja de Goede-Bolder.;Femke K Aarsen.;Saskia M F Pluijm.;Marlies J Bouman.;Jos N van der Geest.;Maarten Lequin.;Coriene E Catsman.;Willem Frans M Arts.;Steven A Kushner.;Alcino J Silva.;Chris I de Zeeuw.;Henriëtte A Moll.;Ype Elgersma.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷3期287-94页
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is among the most common genetic disorders that cause learning disabilities. Recently, it was shown that statin-mediated inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase restores the cognitive deficits in an NF1 mouse model.
1279. Effectiveness of home blood pressure monitoring, Web communication, and pharmacist care on hypertension control: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Beverly B Green.;Andrea J Cook.;James D Ralston.;Paul A Fishman.;Sheryl L Catz.;James Carlson.;David Carrell.;Lynda Tyll.;Eric B Larson.;Robert S Thompson.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷24期2857-67页
Treating hypertension decreases mortality and disability from cardiovascular disease, but most hypertension remains inadequately controlled.
1280. Effect of bright light and melatonin on cognitive and noncognitive function in elderly residents of group care facilities: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Rixt F Riemersma-van der Lek.;Dick F Swaab.;Jos Twisk.;Elly M Hol.;Witte J G Hoogendijk.;Eus J W Van Someren.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷22期2642-55页
Cognitive decline, mood, behavioral and sleep disturbances, and limitations of activities of daily living commonly burden elderly patients with dementia and their caregivers. Circadian rhythm disturbances have been associated with these symptoms.
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