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101. Manual vs AI-Assisted Prescreening for Trial Eligibility Using Large Language Models-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ozan Unlu.;Matthew Varugheese.;Jiyeon Shin.;Samantha M Subramaniam.;David Walter Jacques Stein.;John J St Laurent.;Charlotte J Mailly.;Marian J McPartlin.;Fei Wang.;Michael F Oates.;Christopher P Cannon.;Benjamin M Scirica.;Kavishwar B Wagholikar.;Samuel J Aronson.;Alexander J Blood.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1084-1087页 104. Tracking US Health Care Spending by Health Condition and County.
作者: Joseph L Dieleman.;Meera Beauchamp.;Sawyer W Crosby.;Drew DeJarnatt.;Emily K Johnson.;Haley Lescinsky.;Theresa McHugh.;Ian Pollock.;Maitreyi Sahu.;Vivianne Swart.;Kayla V Taylor.;Azalea Thomson.;Golsum Tsakalos.;Maxwell Weil.;Lauren B Wilner.;Anthony L Bui.;Herbert C Duber.;Annie Haakenstad.;Bulat Idrisov.;Ali Mokdad.;Mohsen Naghavi.;Gregory Roth.;John W Scott.;Tara Templin.;Christopher J L Murray.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1051-1061页
Understanding health conditions with the most spending and variation across locations and over time is important for identifying trends, highlighting inequalities, and developing strategies for lowering health spending.
105. US Abortion Bans and Fertility.
作者: Suzanne O Bell.;Alexander M Franks.;David Arbour.;Selena Anjur-Dietrich.;Elizabeth A Stuart.;Eli Ben-Michael.;Avi Feller.;Alison Gemmill.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷15期1324-1332页
Abortion bans may lead to births among those who are unable to overcome barriers to abortion. The population-level effects of these policies, particularly their unequal impacts across subpopulations in the US, remain unclear.
108. US Abortion Bans and Infant Mortality.
作者: Alison Gemmill.;Alexander M Franks.;Selena Anjur-Dietrich.;Amy Ozinsky.;David Arbour.;Elizabeth A Stuart.;Eli Ben-Michael.;Avi Feller.;Suzanne O Bell.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷15期1315-1323页
The impact of recent abortion bans on infant mortality is not fully understood. There is also limited evidence on how these bans may interact with long-standing racial and ethnic disparities in infant health.
111. Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism.
作者: Harman Gailan Hassan Yonis.;Lina Steinrud Mørch.;Ellen Løkkegaard.;Kristian Kragholm.;Amalie Lykkemark Møller.;Christian Torp-Pedersen.;Amani Meaidi.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷15期1358-1361页 112. Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Support System for Imaging Requests: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stijntje W Dijk.;Claudia Wollny.;Joerg Barkhausen.;Olav Jansen.;Peter Mildenberger.;Moritz C Halfmann.;Jonas Stroeder.;Dimitris Rizopoulos.;M G Myriam Hunink.;Thomas Kroencke.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷14期1212-1221页
Given the widespread use of medical imaging, evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to improve appropriateness is crucial for optimizing health care resources and patient outcomes.
113. Simvastatin and Rifaximin in Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Elisa Pose.;César Jiménez.;Giacomo Zaccherini.;Daniela Campion.;Salvatore Piano.;Frank Erhard Uschner.;Koos de Wit.;Olivier Roux.;Kohilan Gananandan.;Wim Laleman.;Cristina Solé.;Sonia Alonso.;Berta Cuyàs.;Xavier Ariza.;Adrià Juanola.;Ann T Ma.;Laura Napoleone.;Jordi Gratacós-Ginès.;Marta Tonon.;Enrico Pompili.;Jordi Sánchez-Delgado.;Andrew S Allegretti.;Manuel Morales-Ruiz.;Marta Carol.;Martina Pérez-Guasch.;Núria Fabrellas.;Judit Pich.;Claudia Martell.;María Joyera.;Gemma Domenech.;José Ríos.;Ferrán Torres.;Miquel Serra-Burriel.;Rubén Hernáez.;Elsa Solà.;Isabel Graupera.;Hugh Watson.;Germán Soriano.;Rafael Bañares.;Rajeshwar P Mookerjee.;Claire Francoz.;Ulrich Beuers.;Jonel Trebicka.;Paolo Angeli.;Carlo Alessandria.;Paolo Caraceni.;Víctor M Vargas.;Juan G Abraldes.;Patrick S Kamath.;Pere Ginès.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷10期864-874页
There are no useful treatments to prevent the development of severe complications of liver cirrhosis. Simvastatin and rifaximin have shown beneficial effects in liver cirrhosis.
114. UV Stabilizer BTMPS in the Illicit Fentanyl Supply in 9 US Locations.
作者: Chelsea L Shover.;Morgan E Godvin.;Meghan Appley.;Elise M Pyfrom.;Fernando Montero Castrillo.;Karli Hochstatter.;Talia Nadel.;Neil Garg.;Adam Koncsol.;Joseph R Friedman.;Caitlin A Molina.;Ruby Romero.;Brendan Harshberger.;Jordan A M Gonzalez.;Jordan Spoliansky.;Sarah Laurel.;Elham Jalayer.;Juan Ruelas.;John Gonzales.;Soma Snakeoil.;Sonya Guerra.;Oscar Arellano.;Candace Winstead.;Margaret Rybak.;Joanna Champney.;Brent Waninger.;Rafael Torruella.;Edward Sisco.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷11期1000-1003页 115. Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.
作者: Peter Hanlon.;Elaine Butterly.;Lili Wei.;Heather Wightman.;Saleh Ali M Almazam.;Khalid Alsallumi.;Jamie Crowther.;Ryan McChrystal.;Heidi Rennison.;Katherine Hughes.;Jim Lewsey.;Robert Lindsay.;Stuart McGurnaghan.;John Petrie.;Laurie A Tomlinson.;Sarah Wild.;Amanda Adler.;Naveed Sattar.;David M Phillippo.;Sofia Dias.;Nicky J Welton.;David A McAllister.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1062-1073页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, and SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is not clear whether efficacy varies by age or sex.
118. Adjuvant Atezolizumab for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The ALEXANDRA/IMpassion030 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Michail Ignatiadis.;Andrew Bailey.;Heather McArthur.;Sarra El-Abed.;Evandro de Azambuja.;Otto Metzger.;Stephen Y Chui.;Max Dieterich.;Thomas Perretti.;Esther Shearer-Kang.;Luciana Molinero.;Günther G Steger.;Jacek Jassem.;Soo Chin Lee.;Michaela Higgins.;Jose Zarba.;Marcus Schmidt.;Henry Gomez.;Angel Guerrero Zotano.;Luca Moscetti.;Joanne Chiu.;Elisabetta Munzone.;Noa Efrat Ben-Baruch.;Emilio Bajetta.;Shinji Ohno.;Seock-Ah Im.;Gustavo Werutsky.;Einav Nili Gal-Yam.;Xavier Gonzalez Farre.;Ling-Ming Tseng.;William Jacot.;Oleg Gluz.;Zhimin Shao.;Yaroslav Shparyk.;Anastasia Zimina.;Eric Winer.;David A Cameron.;Giuseppe Viale.;Shigehira Saji.;Richard Gelber.;Martine Piccart.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷13期1150-60页
Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype with a high incidence in young patients, a high incidence in non-Hispanic Black women, and a high risk of progression to metastatic cancer, a devastating sequela with a 12- to 18-month life expectancy. Until recently, one strategy for treating early-stage triple-negative breast cancer was chemotherapy after surgery. However, it was not known whether the addition of immune therapy to postsurgery chemotherapy would be beneficial.
119. Palliative Care Program for Community-Dwelling Individuals With Dementia and Caregivers: The IN-PEACE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Greg A Sachs.;Nina M Johnson.;Sujuan Gao.;Alexia M Torke.;Susan E Hickman.;Amy Pemberton.;Andrea Vrobel.;Minmin Pan.;Jennifer West.;Kurt Kroenke.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷11期962-971页
Care management benefits community-dwelling patients with dementia, but studies include few patients with moderate to severe dementia or from racial and ethnic minority populations, lack palliative care, and seldom reduce health care utilization.
120. Health System, Community-Based, or Usual Dementia Care for Persons With Dementia and Caregivers: The D-CARE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: David B Reuben.;Thomas M Gill.;Alan Stevens.;Jeff Williamson.;Elena Volpi.;Maya Lichtenstein.;Lee A Jennings.;Rebecca Galloway.;Jenny Summapund.;Katy Araujo.;David Bass.;Lisa Weitzman.;Zaldy S Tan.;Leslie Evertson.;Mia Yang.;Katherine Currie.;Aval-Na'Ree S Green.;Sybila Godoy.;Sitara Abraham.;Jordan Reese.;Rafael Samper-Ternent.;Roxana M Hirst.;Pamela Borek.;Peter Charpentier.;Can Meng.;James Dziura.;Yunshan Xu.;Eleni A Skokos.;Zili He.;Sherry Aiudi.;Peter Peduzzi.;Erich J Greene.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷11期950-961页
The effectiveness of different approaches to dementia care is unknown.
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