Studies have reported estimates of the economic and health burden of COPD. They have been limited largely to current-day estimates or relatively short-term future projections.

Among 1 billion patients worldwide with OSA, 90% remain undiagnosed. The main barrier to diagnosis is the overnight polysomnogram, which requires specialized equipment, skilled technicians, and inpatient beds available only in tertiary sleep centers. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled OSA detection using breathing sound recordings.

A 70-year-old woman who formerly used tobacco was referred for evaluation of a lung nodule incidentally discovered during hematologic follow-up. Her medical history was notable for a stage IV follicular lymphoma (G2/G3A stage IV, for pleural and perinephric involvement, FLIPI4) in September 2022, for which she received 6 courses of obinutuzumab plus bendamustine. After the second cycle of therapy, an increase in transaminases was detected; the subsequent diagnostic workup showed a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction blood test for human herpesvirus 6 DNA with more than 13,000 copies/mL. The human herpesvirus 6 infection was successfully treated with acyclovir, followed by normalization of liver enzymes. The treatment was then completed regularly, obtaining a complete metabolic response. One month after completing therapy, the patient developed systemic cytomegalovirus infection with associated pneumonia, requiring 3 weeks of hospitalization. Considering the severity of the infectious event, a further maintenance with obinutuzumab was excluded. Persistent cytomegalovirus-DNA levels necessitated valganciclovir. Sustained neutropenia partially improved with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration.

Airway mucus plugs are frequently identified on CT scans of patients with COPD and are associated with worse airflow obstruction and higher mortality. However, the association between airway mucus plugs and the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has not been extensively studied.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.

Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown.

Despite the widespread adoption of lung-protective ventilation strategies, mortality among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains high. Mechanical power (MP) integrates various variables responsible for ventilator-induced lung injury and has been associated with mortality in patients with ARDS. However, the impact of MP on ICU mortality in the larger group of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) has not been well established, and previous studies have reported inconsistent thresholds for predicting outcomes.

Although spirometry is the gold standard for diagnosing COPD, it is underused in clinical practice.

Sarcoidosis is characterized by reduced quality of life (QoL), yet QoL is correlated poorly to conventional spirometric lung function tests.

Exertional breathlessness is a cardinal symptom of people with chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and can be evaluated using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer mortality. It is also the third most common cancer in the United Kingdom and the most prevalent worldwide. Pulmonary nodules can indicate early-stage lung cancer, but adherence to guidelines for radiologic surveillance is suboptimal, which affects early detection and treatment. Although interventions have been developed to improve follow-up, it remains unclear which approaches are most effective.

A 52-year-old woman presented to the clinic with progressively worsening shortness of breath associated with intermittent pleuritic left lower back pain for the past 6 months. The patient denied any cough, hemoptysis, fever, chills, or weight loss. She had a history of smoking cigarettes for more than 10 years but quit almost 20 years ago. An outpatient chest radiograph was obtained, and it suggested consolidation of the left lower lobe. The patient was treated empirically with amoxicillin-clavulanate for 2 weeks without improvement.

Platelets and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are frequently administered to critically ill patients. Considering the variability in indications and thresholds guiding these transfusions, a comprehensive review of current evidence was conducted to provide guidance to critical care practitioners. This American College of Chest Physicians guideline examined the literature on platelet transfusions in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia, with and without active bleeding, as well as data on prophylactic platelet and FFP transfusions for common procedures in the critical care setting.

COPD is largely underdiagnosed. Active identification of cases is crucial to establish preventive measures before manifestation of clinical disease. The significance of different spirometric patterns preceding COPD, especially preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), has been highlighted but remains unclear.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease associated with lung function decline and high mortality.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) resulting from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) can lead to right ventricular-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) uncoupling despite normal steady hemodynamics (eg, pulmonary vascular resistance). Unsteady hemodynamics, quantified by characteristic pulmonary impedance (ZC), may be useful in differentiating those patients with PH-HFpEF who have sufficient coupling from those who have insufficient coupling. We hypothesized that abnormal pulsatile hemodynamics with exercise, quantified by ZC, could precisely detect abnormal cardiopulmonary function in PH-HFpEF.

2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG)-PET/CT imaging has utility in identifying sites of active sarcoidosis. However, the role of FDG-PET/CT imaging in predicting treatment response and guiding therapy outside of cardiac disease is yet to be completely understood.