Numerous studies have explored the role of acupuncture-related treatments in alleviating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and improving the quality of life for patients with cancer, resulting in mixed findings. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize existing systematic reviews (SRs) to deliver an updated assessment of the certainty of evidence concerning the effects of acupuncture-related treatments on CIPN and quality of life among a diverse group of patients with cancer.

The growing incidence of chronic diseases such as cancer and the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms constitute one of the greatest health challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, it is critical to search for new therapeutic alternatives. Moringa oleifera is a plant well known for the properties of its phytocomponents and its role has been analyzed in a variety of fields, from medicine to biotechnology.

The utilization of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer immunotherapy frequently leads to the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), making it generally not recommended for patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis on safety and efficacy of ICIs in cancer patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases to provide further insights. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched until December 20, 2024. The main summary measures used were pooled rate and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidential interval (CI), which were analyzed using R statistic software. A total of 52 articles were included in the study. When cancer patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases received ICIs treatment, the overall incidence was 0.610 (95% CI: 0.531-0.686) for any grade irAEs, 0.295 (95% CI: 0.248-0.343) for flares, 0.325 (95% CI: 0.258-0.396) for de novo irAEs, 0.238 (95% CI: 0.174-0.309) for grade ≥3 irAEs, and 0.143 (95% CI: 0.109-0.180) for discontinuation due to immunotoxicity. Compared with those without autoimmune diseases, cancer patients with autoimmune diseases experienced a higher risk of any-grade irAEs (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12-1.35) and discontinuation due to immunotoxicity (1.40, 95% CI: 1.11-1.78). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of grade ≥3 irAEs, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups. During ICIs treatment, irAEs are common among cancer patients with autoimmune diseases, but severe irAEs is relatively low. ICIs are effective in this population, but should be strictly monitored when used to avoid immunotoxicity.

In patients with unresectable, stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), durvalumab maintenance after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) was shown to improve survival over placebo. As subgroup analyses indicated better outcomes with earlier start of durvalumab, several trials evaluated concomitant checkpoint inhibition (CPI) with cCRT. However, this may introduce an increased risk of treatment-related pulmonary toxicity.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is a neuroendocrine carcinoma characterized by aggressive behavior and poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are novel anti-cancer agents that induce DNA damages and cause cell death in tumor cells with impaired DNA repair, known as the synthetic lethality concept. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of PARPi for patients with SCLC from available clinical trial data.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) serve as crucial therapeutic agents in solid tumor treatment. Preclinical investigations suggest a potential protective function of PARPi against endocrine and metabolic impairments. Nevertheless, the existing body of evidence remains inconclusive on this aspect.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that enhance T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses but may induce cardiotoxicity, including conduction disorders and atrioventricular blocks (AVB). A systematic review of 30 case reports involving cancer patients treated with ICIs was conducted. The majority of affected patients were in advanced stages of lung and kidney/urothelial cancers, predominantly male, and typically developed AVB within three weeks of therapy, often accompanied by myocarditis. Complete AVB was the most frequently observed disorder, necessitating interruption of therapy and temporary pacing. Less than half of the cases were reversible, and in-hospital mortality was significant. Further research is needed.

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the optimal regimen for high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in treating primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

The study of chalcone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids for anticancer activity is quite a recent area of focus, primarily because of the increasing demand for developing new drugs to treat cancer. The chalcones and 1,2,3-triazole rings in hybrid compounds has recently emerged as a promising strategy for developing novel anticancer agents. The 1,2,3-triazole ring, known for its stability and hydrogen bonding capabilities, enhances the target binding affinity of these hybrids. Chalcones possess an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system crucial for their anticancer activity The synergistic effect of these two moieties results in compounds with potent anticancer properties. This review explores the structure-activity relationship studies which revealed that the electronic and lipophilic properties of substituents on the phenyl rings of chalcones significantly influence their anticancer activity. Electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups can affect cellular uptake and target engagement. Incorporating various substituents into the 1,2,3-triazole ring can improve selectivity and potency against specific cancer cell lines. These hybrids often exert their anticancer effects through apoptosis and cell cycle disruption. Recent research indicates 1,2,3-triazole chalcone hybrids hold therapeutic promise as anticancer agents. Further optimization through SAR studies and in-depth mechanistic investigations could lead to the development of highly potent and selective anticancer agents with minimal toxicity.

To evaluate the safety profiles of EZH2-targeted inhibitors in cancer treatment, focusing on treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) across various clinical trials.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed oncological treatment by modulating immune responses against tumors. However, their efficacy is subject to inter-patient variability and is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The human gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, is increasingly implicated in modulating responses to ICIs. This bibliometric analysis examines the 100 most-cited articles to elucidate trends and advancements in research concerning the gut microbiota's impact on ICI efficacy.

PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have shown promising effectiveness for ovarian cancer. This network meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42024503390) comprehensively evaluated the effectiveness and safety of PARPis in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently the primary approach for managing NSCLC. However, numerous combination therapies are currently under investigation. Our goal is to investigate the overall efficacy and safety of ICIs and taxane-based chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a substantial adverse effect of anticancer therapy. No effective preventive strategies are established in clinical routine, although some forms of cryotherapy or compression therapy seem to be promising. CIPN is difficult to grade objectively and has mostly relied on a clinician- or patient-based rating that is subjective and not easily reproducible.

Gastric Cancer (GC) is the 5th most prevalent and 4th most deadly neoplasm globally. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in GC, potentially improving positive clinical outcomes while addressing the limitations of conventional therapies. GC immunotherapy modalities consist of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Some cancer patients derive limited benefit from anti-angiogenic therapy or discontinuation due to adverse reactions. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis in tumors. This study aims to evaluate the association of VEGFR2 polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) in cancer patients.

Manzamine A, a natural compound derived from various sponge genera, features a β-carboline structure and exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antimalarial effects. Its potential as an anticancer agent has been explored in several tumor models, both in vitro and in vivo, showing effects through mechanisms such as cytotoxicity, regulation of the cell cycle, inhibition of cell migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, and apoptosis through multi-target interactions of E2F transcriptional factors, ribosomal S6 kinases, androgen receptor (AR), SIX1, GSK-3β, v-ATPase, and p53/p21/p27 cascades. This systematic review evaluates existing literature on the potential application of this marine alkaloid as a novel cancer therapy, highlighting its promising ability to inhibit cancer cell growth while causing minimal side effects.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to systematically collect, evaluate, and critically synthesize research findings on the effects of physical exercise on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Endocrine treatments, such as Tamoxifen (TAM) and/or Aromatase inhibitors (AI), are the adjuvant therapy of choice for hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. These agents are associated with menopausal symptoms, adversely affecting drug compliance. Topical estrogen (TE) has been proposed for symptom management, given its' local application and presumed reduced bioavailability, however its oncological safety remains uncertain.

Dietary interventions during chemotherapy hold promise for clinical and supportive care outcomes. We systematically investigated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of nutritional counseling conducted during chemotherapy. Studies prospectively implemented nutrition counseling during chemotherapy. Articles were identified from three databases-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS-from inception to 1 October 2024. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of outcome data were extracted. Among 44 publications, 39 studies recruited 98 ± 80 participants (range 15-360); 38/39 (97%) were randomized controlled trials. One-third (31%) were among patients with breast cancer. Interventions were divided into individualized nutritional counseling (n = 21), nutrition counseling plus exercise (n = 13), and nutrient-specific dietary patterns (n = 10). Many had goals to achieve established nutrition guidelines. Feasibility was high based on attendance at counseling sessions, retention, and/or food log analysis. Overall, there were minimal adverse events related to the interventions. Many studies showed between-group differences favoring the intervention group for body weight (8/24, gain or loss, according to goals), nutritional status (8/9), quality of life (3/10 without and 6/9 with exercise), cancer-related fatigue (7/10), chemotherapy tolerance (6/11), and treatment responses (3/13). In conclusion, nutritional interventions were feasible and safe for patients undergoing chemotherapy and demonstrated preliminary efficacy to improve nutritional status, fatigue, chemotherapy tolerance, and other outcomes.