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101. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Review.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), defined as HF with an EF of 50% or higher at diagnosis, affects approximately 3 million people in the US and up to 32 million people worldwide. Patients with HFpEF are hospitalized approximately 1.4 times per year and have an annual mortality rate of approximately 15%.
102. Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review.
作者: Falk Leichsenring.;Nikolas Heim.;Frank Leweke.;Carsten Spitzer.;Christiane Steinert.;Otto F Kernberg.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷8期670-679页
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects approximately 0.7% to 2.7% of adults in the US. The disorder is associated with considerable social and vocational impairments and greater use of medical services.
103. Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Malignancies in Adults: A Review.
Malignant primary brain tumors cause more than 15 000 deaths per year in the United States. The annual incidence of primary malignant brain tumors is approximately 7 per 100 000 individuals and increases with age. Five-year survival is approximately 36%.
104. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Gary N Asher.;Cynthia Feltner.;Wade N Harrison.;Emmanuel Schwimmer.;Caroline Rains.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷6期510-512页 105. Management of Menopausal Symptoms: A Review.
Menopause, due to loss of ovarian follicular activity without another pathological or physiological cause, typically occurs between the ages of 45 years and 56 years. During the menopausal transition, approximately 50% to 75% of women have hot flashes, night sweats, or both (vasomotor symptoms) and more than 50% have genitourinary symptoms (genitourinary syndrome of menopause [GSM]).
106. Surgical Site Infection Prevention: A Review.
Approximately 0.5% to 3% of patients undergoing surgery will experience infection at or adjacent to the surgical incision site. Compared with patients undergoing surgery who do not have a surgical site infection, those with a surgical site infection are hospitalized approximately 7 to 11 days longer.
107. Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests, is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 2.3% children aged 8 years in the US and approximately 2.2% of adults. This review summarizes evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
108. Anxiety Disorders: A Review.
Anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of approximately 34% in the US, are often chronic, and significantly impair quality of life and functioning.
109. Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension.
作者: Nancy J Butcher.;Andrea Monsour.;Emma J Mew.;An-Wen Chan.;David Moher.;Evan Mayo-Wilson.;Caroline B Terwee.;Alyssandra Chee-A-Tow.;Ami Baba.;Frank Gavin.;Jeremy M Grimshaw.;Lauren E Kelly.;Leena Saeed.;Lehana Thabane.;Lisa Askie.;Maureen Smith.;Mufiza Farid-Kapadia.;Paula R Williamson.;Peter Szatmari.;Peter Tugwell.;Robert M Golub.;Suneeta Monga.;Sunita Vohra.;Susan Marlin.;Wendy J Ungar.;Martin Offringa.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷23期2345-2356页
Complete information in a trial protocol regarding study outcomes is crucial for obtaining regulatory approvals, ensuring standardized trial conduct, reducing research waste, and providing transparency of methods to facilitate trial replication, critical appraisal, accurate reporting and interpretation of trial results, and knowledge synthesis. However, recommendations on what outcome-specific information should be included are diverse and inconsistent. To improve reporting practices promoting transparent and reproducible outcome selection, assessment, and analysis, a need for specific and harmonized guidance as to what outcome-specific information should be addressed in clinical trial protocols exists.
110. Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Reports: The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension.
作者: Nancy J Butcher.;Andrea Monsour.;Emma J Mew.;An-Wen Chan.;David Moher.;Evan Mayo-Wilson.;Caroline B Terwee.;Alyssandra Chee-A-Tow.;Ami Baba.;Frank Gavin.;Jeremy M Grimshaw.;Lauren E Kelly.;Leena Saeed.;Lehana Thabane.;Lisa Askie.;Maureen Smith.;Mufiza Farid-Kapadia.;Paula R Williamson.;Peter Szatmari.;Peter Tugwell.;Robert M Golub.;Suneeta Monga.;Sunita Vohra.;Susan Marlin.;Wendy J Ungar.;Martin Offringa.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷22期2252-2264页
Clinicians, patients, and policy makers rely on published results from clinical trials to help make evidence-informed decisions. To critically evaluate and use trial results, readers require complete and transparent information regarding what was planned, done, and found. Specific and harmonized guidance as to what outcome-specific information should be reported in publications of clinical trials is needed to reduce deficient reporting practices that obscure issues with outcome selection, assessment, and analysis.
111. Progress and Challenges in Bacterial Meningitis: A Review.
Bacterial meningitis is a worldwide health problem, with incidence rates ranging from approximately 0.9 per 100 000 individuals per year in high-income countries to 80 per 100 000 individuals per year in low-income countries. In low-income countries, bacterial meningitis has a mortality rate of up to 54%. Up to 24% of those who survive develop chronic neurological sequelae, such as hearing loss or focal neurological deficits.
112. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Cynthia Feltner.;Ina F Wallace.;Shannon Aymes.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Kelli L Hicks.;Manny Schwimmer.;Claire Baker.;Casey P Balio.;Daniel Moore.;Christiane E Voisin.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷19期1951-1971页
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse health outcomes.
113. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷19期1945-1950页
Current prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the US is not well established; however, based on cohort and survey data, in 2007-2010 the estimated prevalence of at least mild OSA (defined as an apnea-hypoxia index [AHI] ≥5) plus symptoms of daytime sleepiness among adults aged 30 to 70 years was 14% for men and 5% for women, and the estimated prevalence of moderate to severe OSA (defined as AHI ≥15) was 13% for men and 6% for women. Severe OSA is associated with increased all-cause mortality. Other adverse health outcomes associated with untreated OSA include cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular events, type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment, decreased quality of life, and motor vehicle crashes.
114. Treatment of Hypertension: A Review.
Hypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) at least 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) at least 80 mm Hg, affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and death.
115. Associations of Unintended Pregnancy With Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Heidi D Nelson.;Blair G Darney.;Katherine Ahrens.;Amanda Burgess.;Rebecca M Jungbauer.;Amy Cantor.;Chandler Atchison.;Karen B Eden.;Rose Goueth.;Rongwei Fu.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷17期1714-1729页
Unintended pregnancy is common in the US and is associated with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes; however, estimates of these associations specific to current US populations are lacking.
116. Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Gerald Gartlehner.;Sheila V Patel.;Shivani Reddy.;Caroline Rains.;Manny Schwimmer.;Leila Kahwati.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷17期1747-1765页
It is uncertain whether hormone therapy should be used for the primary prevention of chronic conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis, or some types of cancers.
117. Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷17期1740-1746页
Menopause is defined as the cessation of a person's menstrual cycle. It is defined retrospectively, 12 months after the final menstrual period. Perimenopause, or the menopausal transition, is the few-year time period preceding a person's final menstrual period and is characterized by increasing menstrual cycle length variability and periods of amenorrhea, and often symptoms such as vasomotor dysfunction. The prevalence and incidence of most chronic diseases (eg, cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and fracture) increase with age, and US persons who reach menopause are expected on average to live more than another 30 years.
118. Association Between Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Naomi E Hammond.;John Myburgh.;Ian Seppelt.;Tessa Garside.;Ruan Vlok.;Sajeev Mahendran.;Derick Adigbli.;Simon Finfer.;Ya Gao.;Fiona Goodman.;Gordon Guyatt.;Joseph Alvin Santos.;Balasubramanian Venkatesh.;Liang Yao.;Gian Luca Di Tanna.;Anthony Delaney.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷19期1922-1934页
The effectiveness of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in critically ill adults receiving mechanical ventilation is uncertain.
119. Hypercalcemia: A Review.
Hypercalcemia affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. Mild hypercalcemia, defined as total calcium of less than 12 mg/dL (<3 mmol/L) or ionized calcium of 5.6 to 8.0 mg/dL (1.4-2 mmol/L), is usually asymptomatic but may be associated with constitutional symptoms such as fatigue and constipation in approximately 20% of people. Hypercalcemia that is severe, defined as total calcium of 14 mg/dL or greater (>3.5 mmol/L) or ionized calcium of 10 mg/dL or greater (≥2.5 mmol/L) or that develops rapidly over days to weeks, can cause nausea, vomiting, dehydration, confusion, somnolence, and coma.
120. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;Michael Silverstein.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷15期1534-1542页
Depression is a leading cause of disability in the US. Children and adolescents with depression typically have functional impairments in their performance at school or work as well as in their interactions with their families and peers. Depression can also negatively affect the developmental trajectories of affected youth. Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is strongly associated with recurrent depression in adulthood; other mental disorders; and increased risk for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completion. Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among youth aged 10 to 19 years. Psychiatric disorders and previous suicide attempts increase suicide risk.
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