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101. Screening for Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Joel Tsevat.;Sandra Millon Underwood.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷15期1290-1295页
Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the US. There are different types of skin cancer varying in disease incidence and severity. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common types of skin cancer but infrequently lead to death or substantial morbidity. Melanomas represent about 1% of skin cancer and cause the most skin cancer deaths. Melanoma is about 30 times more common in White persons than in Black persons. However, persons with darker skin color are often diagnosed at later stages, when skin cancer is more difficult to treat.
102. Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes: A Review.
作者: Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui.;Leigh Perreault.;Linong Ji.;Sam Dagogo-Jack.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷14期1206-1216页
Prediabetes, an intermediate stage between normal glucose regulation and diabetes, affects 1 in 3 adults in the US and approximately 720 million individuals worldwide.
103. Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Acute myocarditis, defined as a sudden inflammatory injury to the myocardium, affects approximately 4 to 14 people per 100 000 each year globally and is associated with a mortality rate of approximately 1% to 7%.
104. Does This Child With High Blood Pressure Have Secondary Hypertension?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: James T Nugent.;Kuan Jiang.;Melissa C Funaro.;Ishan Saran.;Chelsea Young.;Lama Ghazi.;Christine Y Bakhoum.;F Perry Wilson.;Jason H Greenberg.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷12期1012-1021页
Guidelines recommend that all children and adolescents with hypertension undergo evaluation for secondary causes. Identifying clinical factors associated with secondary hypertension may decrease unnecessary testing for those with primary hypertension.
106. Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Review.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), defined by a minimum of 5 × 109/L monoclonal B cells in the blood, affects more than 200 000 people and is associated with approximately 4410 deaths in the US annually. CLL is associated with an immunocompromised state and an increased rate of complications from infections.
107. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Review.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), defined as HF with an EF of 50% or higher at diagnosis, affects approximately 3 million people in the US and up to 32 million people worldwide. Patients with HFpEF are hospitalized approximately 1.4 times per year and have an annual mortality rate of approximately 15%.
108. Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review.
作者: Falk Leichsenring.;Nikolas Heim.;Frank Leweke.;Carsten Spitzer.;Christiane Steinert.;Otto F Kernberg.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷8期670-679页
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects approximately 0.7% to 2.7% of adults in the US. The disorder is associated with considerable social and vocational impairments and greater use of medical services.
109. Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Malignancies in Adults: A Review.
Malignant primary brain tumors cause more than 15 000 deaths per year in the United States. The annual incidence of primary malignant brain tumors is approximately 7 per 100 000 individuals and increases with age. Five-year survival is approximately 36%.
110. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Gary N Asher.;Cynthia Feltner.;Wade N Harrison.;Emmanuel Schwimmer.;Caroline Rains.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷6期510-512页 111. Management of Menopausal Symptoms: A Review.
Menopause, due to loss of ovarian follicular activity without another pathological or physiological cause, typically occurs between the ages of 45 years and 56 years. During the menopausal transition, approximately 50% to 75% of women have hot flashes, night sweats, or both (vasomotor symptoms) and more than 50% have genitourinary symptoms (genitourinary syndrome of menopause [GSM]).
112. Surgical Site Infection Prevention: A Review.
Approximately 0.5% to 3% of patients undergoing surgery will experience infection at or adjacent to the surgical incision site. Compared with patients undergoing surgery who do not have a surgical site infection, those with a surgical site infection are hospitalized approximately 7 to 11 days longer.
113. Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests, is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 2.3% children aged 8 years in the US and approximately 2.2% of adults. This review summarizes evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
114. Anxiety Disorders: A Review.
Anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of approximately 34% in the US, are often chronic, and significantly impair quality of life and functioning.
115. Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension.
作者: Nancy J Butcher.;Andrea Monsour.;Emma J Mew.;An-Wen Chan.;David Moher.;Evan Mayo-Wilson.;Caroline B Terwee.;Alyssandra Chee-A-Tow.;Ami Baba.;Frank Gavin.;Jeremy M Grimshaw.;Lauren E Kelly.;Leena Saeed.;Lehana Thabane.;Lisa Askie.;Maureen Smith.;Mufiza Farid-Kapadia.;Paula R Williamson.;Peter Szatmari.;Peter Tugwell.;Robert M Golub.;Suneeta Monga.;Sunita Vohra.;Susan Marlin.;Wendy J Ungar.;Martin Offringa.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷23期2345-2356页
Complete information in a trial protocol regarding study outcomes is crucial for obtaining regulatory approvals, ensuring standardized trial conduct, reducing research waste, and providing transparency of methods to facilitate trial replication, critical appraisal, accurate reporting and interpretation of trial results, and knowledge synthesis. However, recommendations on what outcome-specific information should be included are diverse and inconsistent. To improve reporting practices promoting transparent and reproducible outcome selection, assessment, and analysis, a need for specific and harmonized guidance as to what outcome-specific information should be addressed in clinical trial protocols exists.
116. Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Reports: The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension.
作者: Nancy J Butcher.;Andrea Monsour.;Emma J Mew.;An-Wen Chan.;David Moher.;Evan Mayo-Wilson.;Caroline B Terwee.;Alyssandra Chee-A-Tow.;Ami Baba.;Frank Gavin.;Jeremy M Grimshaw.;Lauren E Kelly.;Leena Saeed.;Lehana Thabane.;Lisa Askie.;Maureen Smith.;Mufiza Farid-Kapadia.;Paula R Williamson.;Peter Szatmari.;Peter Tugwell.;Robert M Golub.;Suneeta Monga.;Sunita Vohra.;Susan Marlin.;Wendy J Ungar.;Martin Offringa.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷22期2252-2264页
Clinicians, patients, and policy makers rely on published results from clinical trials to help make evidence-informed decisions. To critically evaluate and use trial results, readers require complete and transparent information regarding what was planned, done, and found. Specific and harmonized guidance as to what outcome-specific information should be reported in publications of clinical trials is needed to reduce deficient reporting practices that obscure issues with outcome selection, assessment, and analysis.
117. Progress and Challenges in Bacterial Meningitis: A Review.
Bacterial meningitis is a worldwide health problem, with incidence rates ranging from approximately 0.9 per 100 000 individuals per year in high-income countries to 80 per 100 000 individuals per year in low-income countries. In low-income countries, bacterial meningitis has a mortality rate of up to 54%. Up to 24% of those who survive develop chronic neurological sequelae, such as hearing loss or focal neurological deficits.
118. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Cynthia Feltner.;Ina F Wallace.;Shannon Aymes.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Kelli L Hicks.;Manny Schwimmer.;Claire Baker.;Casey P Balio.;Daniel Moore.;Christiane E Voisin.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷19期1951-1971页
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse health outcomes.
119. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷19期1945-1950页
Current prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the US is not well established; however, based on cohort and survey data, in 2007-2010 the estimated prevalence of at least mild OSA (defined as an apnea-hypoxia index [AHI] ≥5) plus symptoms of daytime sleepiness among adults aged 30 to 70 years was 14% for men and 5% for women, and the estimated prevalence of moderate to severe OSA (defined as AHI ≥15) was 13% for men and 6% for women. Severe OSA is associated with increased all-cause mortality. Other adverse health outcomes associated with untreated OSA include cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular events, type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment, decreased quality of life, and motor vehicle crashes.
120. Treatment of Hypertension: A Review.
Hypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) at least 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) at least 80 mm Hg, affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and death.
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