To assess the efficacy of glutamine mouthwash versus standard oral hygiene protocol (SOHP) in reducing the overall incidence, duration and severity of oral mucositis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving High Dose Methotrexate (HDMTX).

UKALL 2011 randomly assigned children and young adults (younger than 25 years) with ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma. The aims were to reduce induction toxicity (randomization 1 [R1]), CNS relapse risk (randomization 2 [R2]-interim maintenance [R2IM]), and maintenance morbidity (R2pulses).

Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) has a poor prognosis, with liver metastases typically presenting a therapeutic challenge. Melphalan/Hepatic Delivery System (Melphalan/HDS) is a drug/medical device combination used for liver-directed treatment of unresectable mUM patients. This study assessed efficacy and safety of Melphalan/HDS versus best alternative care (BAC).

The high recurrent rate after surgery hinders the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as an adjuvant therapy in HCC patients with high risk of recurrence.

In the phase 3 ponatinib-3001 trial (PhALLCON, NCT03589326), ponatinib demonstrated superior efficacy over imatinib with comparable safety in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). This post hoc analysis evaluated the net benefits of ponatinib using a quality-adjusted time without symptoms of disease or toxicity (Q-TWiST) approach.

Chemotherapy cycle prescription is generally carried out through a multistep manual process that is prone to human error. Clinical decision support tools can provide patient-specific assessments that support clinical decisions, improve prescribing practices, and reduce medication errors.

The current standard treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with standard antiemetics is insufficient. Rikkunshito, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, has been shown to improve cisplatin-induced anorexia and functional dyspepsia, and our exploratory study found that rikkunshito has an additive beneficial effect on CINV in patients with uterine corpus and cervical cancer receiving cisplatin containing chemotherapy (JORTC KMP-02).

The purpose of digital remote monitoring (DRM) is improving cancer care management. However, its effectiveness largely depends on the role of nurse navigators (NNs) within these systems to process data and lead action.

This study aimed to evaluate capivasertib exposure-response relationships for clinical safety events to support dosage selection.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a very challenging-to-treat pediatric malignant tumor, with a median survival time of < 12 months. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) allows for direct drug administration into the tumor site, showing potential as a novel therapeutic approach. This study evaluated the efficacy of CED of nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) in children with DIPG. This phase 2, single-arm, multicenter study enrolled patients aged 3-21 years and diagnosed with DIPG. The investigational treatment commenced 1 month after completing radiotherapy (local 50-60 Gy). The treatment involved stereotactic brain surgery for catheter placement, followed by ACNU administration via a CED catheter at a concentration of 0.75 mg/mL for 2-3 days until a cumulative dose of 7 (±0.3) mL was achieved. The primary endpoint was the 1-year survival rate. From April 2018 to March 2020, 21 children were enrolled in the trial and treated, with 20 evaluable for the primary endpoint. The 1-year survival rate from the start of radiotherapy was 60%, and the median survival time was 15 months. The response rate was analyzed in 20 patients, with one complete response (CR), six partial responses (PR), nine stable diseases, and four progressive diseases, resulting in a response rate of 35% (CR + PR). The CED of ACNU in the brainstem of children with DIPG after radiotherapy appears to be an effective therapeutic strategy. This approach warrants further development as a treatment for children with DIPG. This study is registered with jRCT (No. jRCT2021190003).

MTAP deletion occurs in 10-15% of all human cancers due to its proximity to the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A. The loss of MTAP leads to accumulation of methylthioadenosine (MTA), which shares structural similarity to S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), the methyl donor for the cell-essential protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). By competing with SAM, MTA partially inhibits PRMT5, making MTAP-deleted tumors susceptible to further PRMT5 inhibition. Herein, we report the discovery of MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor AMG 193, a molecule that inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 MTAP-deleted cells with ∼40x selectivity over HCT116 MTAP-WT cells. AMG 193 was orally efficacious in mouse xenografts of endogenous MTAP-null tumors such as BxPC-3 (96% TGI @ 100 mg/kg QD) and U87MG (88% TGI @ 100 mg/kg QD). Preclinical data indicate that AMG 193 is brain-penetrant. AMG 193 is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of advanced MTAP-deleted solid tumors.

The potential benefit of adding photodynamic therapy (PDT) to intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) remains unclear.

Although control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is substantially improved with guideline-directed antiemetic prophylaxis, breakthrough CINV remains a significant clinical patient problem. In subsequent cycles after breakthrough occurs, antiemetic guidelines recommend adding agents not used in the initial cycle. This study was designed to evaluate the use of NEPA (netupitant/palonosetron) plus dexamethasone with or without olanzapine for the prevention of CINV in the second cycle of chemotherapy for patients receiving highly (HEC) or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) who developed breakthrough CINV in their first cycle despite guideline-directed prophylactic antiemetics.

To evaluate secondary efficacy endpoints and safety for the ENGOT-OV16/NOVA (NCT01847274) trial of niraparib maintenance therapy after extended follow-up and vital-status-data retrieval. Previously reported analyses (data cutoff, October 1, 2020) indicated benefit of niraparib maintenance therapy beyond first progression, but overall survival (OS) analyses were limited by missing data.

In the phase 3 CheckMate 76 K trial, adjuvant nivolumab significantly improved recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival versus placebo in patients with resected stage IIB/C melanoma. We report patient-reported outcomes from CheckMate 76 K.

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with positive PD-L1 expression requires more effective therapeutic options. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy combined with the anti-PD-1 antibody toripalimab, with or without chemotherapy, as a first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC. This phase II trial enrolled 40 patients with PD-L1-positive, driver mutation-negative advanced NSCLC between July 2020 and December 2022. Patients were randomly assigned to Arm A (toripalimab + CIK cells + chemotherapy) or Arm B (toripalimab + CIK cells). Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety profiles were evaluated. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the number of CIK cell cycles received. Arm A showed a significantly longer median PFS compared to Arm B (20.0 vs. 6.0 months, p = 0.0038), while median OS was not reached in Arm A versus 17.0 months in Arm B (p = 0.0479). ORR was 47.4% in Arm A and 60.0% in Arm B. Patients receiving four or more cycles of CIK cells had significantly improved PFS and OS. No new safety concerns were identified. The combination of CIK cells and toripalimab, with or without chemotherapy, demonstrates promising efficacy and safety in patients with advanced PD-L1-positive NSCLC. The addition of chemotherapy may further enhance therapeutic outcomes, making it a potentially superior strategy compared to CIK cells combined with the anti-PD-1 antibody alone.

Oral mucositis is considered as one of the most prevalent complications of chemotherapy or radiation therapy in cancerous tumors, which can interrupt the patient's treatment and nutrition. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger-honey mouthwash on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients suffering from various cancers.

Perturbation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway can instruct effector versus memory cell fate of tumor antigen-specific T cells in preclinical models. In this study, we sought to understand the impact of rapamycin (sirolimus), an mTOR inhibitor, on reprogramming vaccine-induced T cells to enhance memory responses in patients with solid tumors following completion of their standard therapy.

Cisplatin-induced hearing loss (CIHL) remains a significant complication of pediatric cancer treatment. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and trends of the efficacy of intratympanic injections of sustained-exposure dexamethasone thermosensitive gel (OTO-104) for otoprotection.

Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with currently recommended NK1 receptor antagonist-based triplet during carboplatin (AUC ≥4) chemotherapy appears inadequate. A comparative study between olanzapine and NK1 receptor antagonist-based combination is lacking.