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1141. Effects of technical editing in biomedical journals: a systematic review.
Technical editing supposedly improves the accuracy and clarity of journal articles. We examined evidence of its effects on research reports in biomedical journals.
1142. Effects of editorial peer review: a systematic review.
Editorial peer review is widely used to select submissions to journals for publication and is presumed to improve their usefulness. Sufficient research on peer review has been published to consider a synthesis of its effects.
1143. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management.
Complications of atherosclerosis cause most morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Despite the frequency and severity of disease, proven medical therapy remains incompletely understood and underused.
1144. Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection?
作者: Stephen Bent.;Brahmajee K Nallamothu.;David L Simel.;Stephan D Fihn.;Sanjay Saint.
来源: JAMA. 2002年287卷20期2701-10页
Symptoms suggestive of acute urinary tract infection (UTI) constitute one of the most common reasons for women to visit clinicians. Although the clinical encounter typically involves taking a history and performing a physical examination, the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical assessment for UTI remains uncertain.
1145. Empirical studies assessing the quality of health information for consumers on the world wide web: a systematic review.
The quality of consumer health information on the World Wide Web is an important issue for medicine, but to date no systematic and comprehensive synthesis of the methods and evidence has been performed.
1146. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
The glycemic index was proposed in 1981 as an alternative system for classifying carbohydrate-containing food. Since then, several hundred scientific articles and numerous popular diet books have been published on the topic. However, the clinical significance of the glycemic index remains the subject of debate. The purpose of this review is to examine the physiological effects of the glycemic index and the relevance of these effects in preventing and treating obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
1147. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management.
作者: Luciana Borio.;Thomas Inglesby.;C J Peters.;Alan L Schmaljohn.;James M Hughes.;Peter B Jahrling.;Thomas Ksiazek.;Karl M Johnson.;Andrea Meyerhoff.;Tara O'Toole.;Michael S Ascher.;John Bartlett.;Joel G Breman.;Edward M Eitzen.;Margaret Hamburg.;Jerry Hauer.;D A Henderson.;Richard T Johnson.;Gigi Kwik.;Marci Layton.;Scott Lillibridge.;Gary J Nabel.;Michael T Osterholm.;Trish M Perl.;Philip Russell.;Kevin Tonat.; .
来源: JAMA. 2002年287卷18期2391-405页
To develop consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) are used as biological weapons against a civilian population.
1150. Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002: updated recommendations for management.
作者: Thomas V Inglesby.;Tara O'Toole.;Donald A Henderson.;John G Bartlett.;Michael S Ascher.;Edward Eitzen.;Arthur M Friedlander.;Julie Gerberding.;Jerome Hauer.;James Hughes.;Joseph McDade.;Michael T Osterholm.;Gerald Parker.;Trish M Perl.;Philip K Russell.;Kevin Tonat.; .
来源: JAMA. 2002年287卷17期2236-52页
To review and update consensus-based recommendations for medical and public health professionals following a Bacillus anthracis attack against a civilian population.
1151. 2001 Consensus Guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities.
作者: Thomas C Wright.;J Thomas Cox.;L Stewart Massad.;Leo B Twiggs.;Edward J Wilkinson.; .
来源: JAMA. 2002年287卷16期2120-9页
To provide evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities and cervical cancer precursors.
1152. The 2001 Bethesda System: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology.
作者: Diane Solomon.;Diane Davey.;Robert Kurman.;Ann Moriarty.;Dennis O'Connor.;Marianne Prey.;Stephen Raab.;Mark Sherman.;David Wilbur.;Thomas Wright.;Nancy Young.; .; .
来源: JAMA. 2002年287卷16期2114-9页
The Bethesda 2001 Workshop was convened to evaluate and update the 1991 Bethesda System terminology for reporting the results of cervical cytology. A primary objective was to develop a new approach to broaden participation in the consensus process.
1153. Survival of blacks and whites after a cancer diagnosis.
作者: Peter B Bach.;Deborah Schrag.;Otis W Brawley.;Aaron Galaznik.;Sofia Yakren.;Colin B Begg.
来源: JAMA. 2002年287卷16期2106-13页
In recent years a theory that cancer biology is different in blacks and whites has gained prominence in reaction to epidemiologic observations that blacks have poorer survival than whites, even when diagnosed with cancer of similar severity. Yet, few studies have evaluated whether lower-quality treatment and shorter overall life expectancy due to a greater burden of other illnesses may explain the survival discrepancy.
1154. Gastroesophageal reflux, barrett esophagus, and esophageal cancer: scientific review.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, a rare cancer whose incidence is increasing. Adenocarcinoma may develop from Barrett esophagus, a metaplastic change of the esophageal epithelium from squamous to intestinalized columnar mucosa, which is associated with chronic reflux. Some have recommended that patients with chronic reflux symptoms undergo upper endoscopy to assess for Barrett esophagus and to screen for cancer.
1156. Placebo response in studies of major depression: variable, substantial, and growing.
Intense debate persists about the need for placebo-controlled groups in clinical trials of medications for major depressive disorder (MDD). There is continuing interest in the development of new medications, but because effective antidepressants are already available, ethical concerns have been raised about the need for placebo groups in new trials.
1158. beta-Blockers and reduction of cardiac events in noncardiac surgery: scientific review.
Recent studies suggest that perioperatively administered beta-blockers may reduce the risk of adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery.
1159. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review.
Throughout the past 40 years, a vast and sometimes contradictory literature has accumulated regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic cardiac disease caused by a variety of mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins and characterized by a broad and expanding clinical spectrum.
1160. Corticosteroid therapy in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a systematic review.
Corticosteroids are used in pulmonary sarcoidosis to reduce symptoms and minimize long-term damage. Spontaneous recovery is a common feature. Both the decision to initiate therapy and the treatment response may be influenced by disease severity, so trials need to use a randomized controlled design.
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