Albumin is used commonly across a wide range of clinical settings to improve hemodynamics, to facilitate fluid removal, and to manage complications of cirrhosis. The International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines developed guidelines for the use of albumin in patients requiring critical care, undergoing cardiovascular surgery, undergoing kidney replacement therapy, or experiencing complications of cirrhosis.

The clinical phenotype of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) has changed. Whether subgroups of patients with IPAH have different vascular phenotypes is a subject of debate.

Asthma remission is a potential treatment goal.

Corticosteroids have beneficial effects in improving outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 by suppressing excessive immune responses. However, the effect of corticosteroids on the humoral and T-cell responses of survivors of COVID-19 1 year after infection remains uncertain, as it relates to the extent of immediate, antigen-specific defense provided by protective memory.

Previous studies have shown the importance of frailty in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Exertional breathlessness is a cardinal symptom of cardiorespiratory disease.

Use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasing, but candidacy selection processes are variable and subject to bias.

When administered as first-line intervention to patients admitted with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to COPD exacerbation in conjunction with guideline-recommended therapies, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been shown to reduce mortality and endotracheal intubation. Opportunities to increase uptake of NIV continue to exist despite inclusion of this therapy in clinical guidelines. Identifying patients appropriate for NIV, and subsequently providing close monitoring to determine an improvement in clinical condition involves a team consisting of physician, nurse, and respiratory therapist in institutions that successfully implement NIV. We describe to our knowledge the first known evidence-based algorithm speaking to initiation, titration, monitoring, and weaning of NIV in treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD that incorporates the necessary interprofessional collaboration among physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists caring for these patients.

Electromagnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve induces diaphragm contractions, but no coils for clinical use have been available. We recently demonstrated the feasibility of ventilation using bilateral transcutaneous noninvasive electromagnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (NEPNS) before surgery in lung-healthy patients with healthy weight in a dose-dependent manner.

Exacerbation frequency strongly influences treatment choices in patients with severe asthma.

Antibiotics with extended anaerobic coverage are used commonly to treat aspiration pneumonia, which is not recommended by current guidelines.

Enrollment into critical care clinical trials is often hampered by the need to rely on surrogate decision-makers. To identify potential interventions facilitating enrollment into critical care clinical trials, a better understanding of surrogate decision-making for critical care clinical trial enrollment is needed.

One of the major challenges in managing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis remains consistent and reproducible assessment of response to treatment.

Critical care survivors experience multiple care transitions, with no formal follow-up care pathway.

There is insufficient evidence supporting the theory that mechanical ventilation can replace the manual ventilation method during CPR.

Community advisory boards (CABs) are increasingly recognized as a means of incorporating patient experience into clinical practice and research. The power of CABs is derived from engaging with community members as equals throughout the research process. Despite this, little is known of community member experience and views on best practices for running a CAB in a rare pulmonary disease.

Physicians, patients, and families alike perceive a need to improve how goals of care (GOC) decisions occur in chronic critical illness (CCI), but little is currently known about this decision-making process.

Most reports of pulmonary manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been related to interstitial lung diseases. RA and COPD are both chronic inflammatory systemic diseases.