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81. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Silverstein.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Joel Tsevat.;Sandra Millon Underwood.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷3期253-260页
Familial hypercholesterolemia and multifactorial dyslipidemia are 2 conditions that cause abnormally high lipid levels in children, which can lead to premature cardiovascular events (eg, myocardial infarction and stroke) and death in adulthood.
82. Cushing Syndrome: A Review.
Cushing syndrome is defined as a prolonged increase in plasma cortisol levels that is not due to a physiological etiology. Although the most frequent cause of Cushing syndrome is exogenous steroid use, the estimated incidence of Cushing syndrome due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol ranges from 2 to 8 per million people annually. Cushing syndrome is associated with hyperglycemia, protein catabolism, immunosuppression, hypertension, weight gain, neurocognitive changes, and mood disorders.
83. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review.
Approximately 18.6 million people worldwide are affected by a diabetic foot ulcer each year, including 1.6 million people in the United States. These ulcers precede 80% of lower extremity amputations among people diagnosed with diabetes and are associated with an increased risk of death.
84. Depression and Suicide Risk Screening: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Leslie A Perdue.;Erin L Coppola.;Michelle L Henninger.;Rachel G Thomas.;Bradley N Gaynes.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷23期2068-2085页
Depression is common and associated with substantial burden. Suicide rates have increased over the past decade, and both suicide attempts and deaths have devastating effects on individuals and families.
85. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Silverstein.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James J Stevermer.;Joel Tsevat.;Sandra Millon Underwood.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷23期2057-2067页
Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common mental disorder in the US, may have substantial impact on the lives of affected individuals. If left untreated, MDD can interfere with daily functioning and can also be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, exacerbation of comorbid conditions, or increased mortality.
86. Anxiety Screening: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Michelle L Henninger.;Leslie A Perdue.;Erin L Coppola.;Rachel G Thomas.;Bradley N Gaynes.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷24期2171-2184页
Anxiety is commonly seen in primary care and associated with substantial burden.
87. Fluid Therapy for Critically Ill Adults With Sepsis: A Review.
Approximately 20% to 30% of patients admitted to an intensive care unit have sepsis. While fluid therapy typically begins in the emergency department, intravenous fluids in the intensive care unit are an essential component of therapy for sepsis.
89. Cystic Fibrosis: A Review.
Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder defined by variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, affects more than 30 000 individuals in the US and approximately 89 000 worldwide. Absent or decreased function of the CFTR protein is associated with multiorgan dysfunction and shortened life expectancy.
90. Diagnosis and Management of Cirrhosis and Its Complications: A Review.
Cirrhosis affects approximately 2.2 million adults in the US. From 2010 to 2021, the annual age-adjusted mortality of cirrhosis increased from 14.9 per 100 000 to 21.9 per 100 000 people.
91. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Sean R Riley.;Lindsey C Lee.;Cory P Coffey.;Shu-Hua Wang.;Gary N Asher.;Anne M Berry.;Niketa Williams.;Casey Balio.;Christiane E Voisin.;Leila C Kahwati.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷17期1495-1509页
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can progress to active tuberculosis disease, causing morbidity and mortality.
92. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Sandra Millon Underwood.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷17期1487-1494页
In the US, tuberculosis remains an important preventable disease, including active tuberculosis, which may be infectious, and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), which is asymptomatic and not infectious but can later progress to active disease. The precise prevalence rate of LTBI in the US is difficult to determine; however, estimated prevalence is about 5.0%, or up to 13 million persons. Incidence of tuberculosis varies by geography and living accommodations, suggesting an association with social determinants of health.
93. Diagnosis and Management of Pituitary Adenomas: A Review.
Pituitary adenomas are neoplasms of the pituitary adenohypophyseal cell lineage and include functioning tumors, characterized by the secretion of pituitary hormones, and nonfunctioning tumors. Clinically evident pituitary adenomas occur in approximately 1 in 1100 persons.
94. Skin Cancer Screening: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Nora B Henrikson.;Ilya Ivlev.;Paula R Blasi.;Matt B Nguyen.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Leslie A Perdue.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷15期1296-1307页
Skin cancer is the most common cancer type and is a major cause of morbidity.
95. Screening for Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Goutham Rao.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Joel Tsevat.;Sandra Millon Underwood.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷15期1290-1295页
Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the US. There are different types of skin cancer varying in disease incidence and severity. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common types of skin cancer but infrequently lead to death or substantial morbidity. Melanomas represent about 1% of skin cancer and cause the most skin cancer deaths. Melanoma is about 30 times more common in White persons than in Black persons. However, persons with darker skin color are often diagnosed at later stages, when skin cancer is more difficult to treat.
96. Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes: A Review.
作者: Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui.;Leigh Perreault.;Linong Ji.;Sam Dagogo-Jack.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷14期1206-1216页
Prediabetes, an intermediate stage between normal glucose regulation and diabetes, affects 1 in 3 adults in the US and approximately 720 million individuals worldwide.
97. Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Acute myocarditis, defined as a sudden inflammatory injury to the myocardium, affects approximately 4 to 14 people per 100 000 each year globally and is associated with a mortality rate of approximately 1% to 7%.
98. Does This Child With High Blood Pressure Have Secondary Hypertension?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: James T Nugent.;Kuan Jiang.;Melissa C Funaro.;Ishan Saran.;Chelsea Young.;Lama Ghazi.;Christine Y Bakhoum.;F Perry Wilson.;Jason H Greenberg.
来源: JAMA. 2023年329卷12期1012-1021页
Guidelines recommend that all children and adolescents with hypertension undergo evaluation for secondary causes. Identifying clinical factors associated with secondary hypertension may decrease unnecessary testing for those with primary hypertension.
100. Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Review.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), defined by a minimum of 5 × 109/L monoclonal B cells in the blood, affects more than 200 000 people and is associated with approximately 4410 deaths in the US annually. CLL is associated with an immunocompromised state and an increased rate of complications from infections.
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