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81. Effect of Early vs Late Inguinal Hernia Repair on Serious Adverse Event Rates in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Martin L Blakely.;Andrea Krzyzaniak.;Melvin S Dassinger.;Claudia Pedroza.;Jorn-Hendrik Weitkamp.;Ankush Gosain.;Michael Cotten.;Susan R Hintz.;Henry Rice.;Sherry E Courtney.;Kevin P Lally.;Namasivayam Ambalavanan.;Catherine M Bendel.;Kim Chi T Bui.;Casey Calkins.;Nicole M Chandler.;Roshni Dasgupta.;Jonathan M Davis.;Katherine Deans.;Daniel A DeUgarte.;Jeffrey Gander.;Carl-Christian A Jackson.;Martin Keszler.;Karen Kling.;Stephen J Fenton.;Kimberley A Fisher.;Tyler Hartman.;Eunice Y Huang.;Saleem Islam.;Frances Koch.;Shabnam Lainwala.;Aaron Lesher.;Monica Lopez.;Meghna Misra.;Jamie Overbey.;Brenda Poindexter.;Robert Russell.;Steven Stylianos.;Douglas Y Tamura.;Bradley A Yoder.;Donald Lucas.;Donald Shaul.;P Ben Ham.;Colleen Fitzpatrick.;Kara Calkins.;Aaron Garrison.;Diomel de la Cruz.;Shahab Abdessalam.;Charlotte Kvasnovsky.;Bradley J Segura.;Joel Shilyansky.;Lynne M Smith.;Jon E Tyson.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷12期1035-1044页
Inguinal hernia repair in preterm infants is common and is associated with considerable morbidity. Whether the inguinal hernia should be repaired prior to or after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit is controversial.
82. Aspirin for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Without Cirrhosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Tracey G Simon.;Robert M Wilechansky.;Stefania Stoyanova.;Alessandra Grossman.;Laura E Dichtel.;Georg M Lauer.;Karen K Miller.;Yujin Hoshida.;Kathleen E Corey.;Rohit Loomba.;Raymond T Chung.;Andrew T Chan.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷11期920-929页
Aspirin may reduce severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and lower the incidence of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, in patients with MASLD. However, the effect of aspirin on MASLD is unknown.
83. Video Laryngoscopy vs Direct Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Intubation in the Operating Room: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kurt Ruetzler.;Sergio Bustamante.;Marc T Schmidt.;Federico Almonacid-Cardenas.;Andra Duncan.;Andrew Bauer.;Alparslan Turan.;Nikolaos J Skubas.;Daniel I Sessler.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷15期1279-1286页
Endotracheal tubes are typically inserted in the operating room using direct laryngoscopy. Video laryngoscopy has been reported to improve airway visualization; however, whether improved visualization reduces intubation attempts in surgical patients is unclear.
84. Mass Azithromycin Distribution to Prevent Child Mortality in Burkina Faso: The CHAT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Catherine E Oldenburg.;Mamadou Ouattara.;Mamadou Bountogo.;Valentin Boudo.;Thierry Ouedraogo.;Guillaume Compaoré.;Clarisse Dah.;Alphonse Zakane.;Boubacar Coulibaly.;Cheik Bagagnan.;Huiyu Hu.;Kieran S O'Brien.;Fanice Nyatigo.;Jeremy D Keenan.;Thuy Doan.;Travis C Porco.;Benjamin F Arnold.;Elodie Lebas.;Ali Sié.;Thomas M Lietman.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷6期482-490页
Repeated mass distribution of azithromycin has been shown to reduce childhood mortality by 14% in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the estimated effect varied by location, suggesting that the intervention may not be effective in different geographical areas, time periods, or conditions.
85. Nurse and Social Worker Palliative Telecare Team and Quality of Life in Patients With COPD, Heart Failure, or Interstitial Lung Disease: The ADAPT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: David B Bekelman.;William Feser.;Brianne Morgan.;Carolyn H Welsh.;Elizabeth C Parsons.;Grady Paden.;Anna Baron.;Brack Hattler.;Connor McBryde.;Andrew Cheng.;Allison V Lange.;David H Au.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷3期212-223页
Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure (HF), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) endure poor quality of life despite conventional therapy. Palliative care approaches may benefit this population prior to end of life.
86. Perioperative Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients With Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Neotorch Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Shun Lu.;Wei Zhang.;Lin Wu.;Wenxiang Wang.;Peng Zhang.; .;Wentao Fang.;Wenqun Xing.;Qixun Chen.;Lin Yang.;Jiandong Mei.;Lijie Tan.;Xiaohong Sun.;Shidong Xu.;Xiaohua Hu.;Guohua Yu.;Dongliang Yu.;Nong Yang.;Yuping Chen.;Jinlu Shan.;Ligang Xing.;Hui Tian.;Xun Zhang.;Ming Zhou.;Haohui Fang.;Guowu Wu.;Yunpeng Liu.;Minhua Ye.;Lejie Cao.;Jie Jiang.;Xingya Li.;Liangming Zhu.;Shanqing Li.;Mingqiang Kang.;Aihong Zhong.;Keneng Chen.;Nan Wu.;Qian Sun.;Haitao Ma.;Kaican Cai.;Changli Wang.;Gen Lin.;Kunshou Zhu.;Yu Zhang.;Xiaochun Zhang.;Hong Hu.;Wengang Zhang.;Jun Chen.;Zhixiong Yang.;Xiaosheng Hang.;Jian Hu.;Yunchao Huang.;Zhiye Zhang.;Lumin Zhang.;Liwei Zhang.;Lunxu Liu.;Dongmei Lin.;Jie Zhang.;Gang Chen.;Yuan Li.;Lei Zhu.;Weihua Wang.;Wenbo Yu.;Dezhen Cao.;Patricia Keegan.;Sheng Yao.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷3期201-211页
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy have improved clinical outcomes for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal combination of checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy remains unknown.
87. Default Palliative Care Consultation for Seriously Ill Hospitalized Patients: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial.
作者: Katherine R Courtright.;Vanessa Madden.;Brian Bayes.;Marzana Chowdhury.;Casey Whitman.;Dylan S Small.;Michael O Harhay.;Suzanne Parra.;Elizabeth Cooney-Zingman.;Mary Ersek.;Gabriel J Escobar.;Sarah H Hill.;Scott D Halpern.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷3期224-232页
Increasing inpatient palliative care delivery is prioritized, but large-scale, experimental evidence of its effectiveness is lacking.
88. Child Neurodevelopment After Multidomain Interventions From Preconception Through Early Childhood: The WINGS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ravi Prakash Upadhyay.;Sunita Taneja.;Ranadip Chowdhury.;Neeta Dhabhai.;Savita Sapra.;Sarmila Mazumder.;Sitanshi Sharma.;Mark Tomlinson.;Tarun Dua.;Harish Chellani.;Rupali Dewan.;Pratima Mittal.;M K Bhan.;Nita Bhandari.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷1期28-37页
Multidomain interventions in pregnancy and early childhood have improved child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of additional preconception interventions.
89. Measuring the Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Vignette Survey Study.
作者: Sarah Jabbour.;David Fouhey.;Stephanie Shepard.;Thomas S Valley.;Ella A Kazerooni.;Nikola Banovic.;Jenna Wiens.;Michael W Sjoding.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷23期2275-2284页
Artificial intelligence (AI) could support clinicians when diagnosing hospitalized patients; however, systematic bias in AI models could worsen clinician diagnostic accuracy. Recent regulatory guidance has called for AI models to include explanations to mitigate errors made by models, but the effectiveness of this strategy has not been established.
90. Metformin Plus Insulin for Preexisting Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes in Early Pregnancy: The MOMPOD Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kim A Boggess.;Arielle Valint.;Jerrie S Refuerzo.;Noelia Zork.;Ashley N Battarbee.;Kacey Eichelberger.;Gladys A Ramos.;Gayle Olson.;Celeste Durnwald.;Mark B Landon.;Kjersti M Aagaard.;Kedra Wallace.;Christina Scifres.;Todd Rosen.;Wadia Mulla.;Amy Valent.;Sherri Longo.;Laura Young.;M Alison Marquis.;Sonia Thomas.;Ashley Britt.;Diane Berry.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷22期2182-2190页
Insulin is recommended for pregnant persons with preexisting type 2 diabetes or diabetes diagnosed early in pregnancy. The addition of metformin to insulin may improve neonatal outcomes.
91. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Louis J Aronne.;Naveed Sattar.;Deborah B Horn.;Harold E Bays.;Sean Wharton.;Wen-Yuan Lin.;Nadia N Ahmad.;Shuyu Zhang.;Ran Liao.;Mathijs C Bunck.;Irina Jouravskaya.;Madhumita A Murphy.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷1期38-48页
The effect of continued treatment with tirzepatide on maintaining initial weight reduction is unknown.
92. Sintilimab Plus Chemotherapy for Unresectable Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: The ORIENT-16 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Jianming Xu.;Haiping Jiang.;Yueyin Pan.;Kangsheng Gu.;Shundong Cang.;Lei Han.;Yongqian Shu.;Jiayi Li.;Junhui Zhao.;Hongming Pan.;Suxia Luo.;Yanru Qin.;Qunyi Guo.;Yuxian Bai.;Yang Ling.;Jianwei Yang.;Zhilong Yan.;Lei Yang.;Yong Tang.;Yifu He.;Liangming Zhang.;Xinjun Liang.;Zuoxing Niu.;Jingdong Zhang.;Yong Mao.;Yingmei Guo.;Bo Peng.;Ziran Li.;Ying Liu.;Yan Wang.;Hui Zhou.; .
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷21期2064-2074页
Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers are diagnosed in more than 1 million people worldwide annually, and few effective treatments are available. Sintilimab, a recombinant human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), in combination with chemotherapy, has demonstrated promising efficacy.
93. Adenotonsillectomy for Snoring and Mild Sleep Apnea in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Susan Redline.;Kaitlyn Cook.;Ronald D Chervin.;Stacey Ishman.;Cristina M Baldassari.;Ron B Mitchell.;Ignacio E Tapia.;Raouf Amin.;Fauziya Hassan.;Sally Ibrahim.;Kristie Ross.;Lisa M Elden.;Erin M Kirkham.;David Zopf.;Jay Shah.;Todd Otteson.;Kamal Naqvi.;Judith Owens.;Lisa Young.;Susan Furth.;Heidi Connolly.;Caron A C Clark.;Jessie P Bakker.;Susan Garetz.;Jerilynn Radcliffe.;H Gerry Taylor.;Carol L Rosen.;Rui Wang.; .
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷21期2084-2095页
The utility of adenotonsillectomy in children who have habitual snoring without frequent obstructive breathing events (mild sleep-disordered breathing [SDB]) is unknown.
94. Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The JUPITER-02 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Hai-Qiang Mai.;Qiu-Yan Chen.;Dongping Chen.;Chaosu Hu.;Kunyu Yang.;Jiyu Wen.;Jingao Li.;Yingrui Shi.;Feng Jin.;Ruilian Xu.;Jianji Pan.;Shenhong Qu.;Ping Li.;Chunhong Hu.;Yi-Chun Liu.;Yi Jiang.;Xia He.;Hung-Ming Wang.;Wan-Teck Lim.;Wangjun Liao.;Xiaohui He.;Xiaozhong Chen.;Siyang Wang.;Xianglin Yuan.;Qi Li.;Xiaoyan Lin.;Shanghua Jing.;Yanju Chen.;Yin Lu.;Ching-Yun Hsieh.;Muh-Hwa Yang.;Chia-Jui Yen.;Jens Samol.;Xianming Luo.;Xiaojun Wang.;Xiongwen Tang.;Hui Feng.;Sheng Yao.;Patricia Keegan.;Rui-Hua Xu.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷20期1961-1970页
There are currently no therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Gemcitabine-cisplatin is the current standard of care for the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic NPC (RM-NPC).
95. Strategies to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening With Mailed Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling Kits: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Rachel L Winer.;John Lin.;Melissa L Anderson.;Jasmin A Tiro.;Beverly B Green.;Hongyuan Gao.;Richard T Meenan.;Kristina Hansen.;Angela Sparks.;Diana S M Buist.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷20期1971-1981页
Optimal strategies for increasing cervical cancer screening may differ by patient screening history and health care setting. Mailing human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling kits to individuals who are overdue for screening increases adherence; however, offering self-sampling kits to screening-adherent individuals has not been evaluated in the US.
96. Lepodisiran, an Extended-Duration Short Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A Randomized Dose-Ascending Clinical Trial.
作者: Steven E Nissen.;Helle Linnebjerg.;Xi Shen.;Kathy Wolski.;Xiaosu Ma.;Shufen Lim.;Laura F Michael.;Giacomo Ruotolo.;Grace Gribble.;Ann Marie Navar.;Stephen J Nicholls.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷21期2075-2083页
Epidemiological and genetic data have implicated lipoprotein(a) as a potentially modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic disease and aortic stenosis, but there are no approved pharmacological treatments.
97. Long-Term Blood Pressure Control After Hypertensive Pregnancy Following Physician-Optimized Self-Management: The POP-HT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Jamie Kitt.;Rachael Fox.;Annabelle Frost.;Milensu Shanyinde.;Katherine Tucker.;Paul A Bateman.;Katie Suriano.;Yvonne Kenworthy.;Annabelle McCourt.;William Woodward.;Winok Lapidaire.;Miriam Lacharie.;Mauro Santos.;Cristian Roman.;Lucy Mackillop.;Christian Delles.;Basky Thilaganathan.;Lucy C Chappell.;Adam J Lewandowski.;Richard J McManus.;Paul Leeson.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷20期1991-1999页
Pregnancy hypertension results in adverse cardiac remodeling and higher incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in later life.
98. Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound (Tongxinluo) and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The CTS-AMI Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Yuejin Yang.;Xiangdong Li.;Guihao Chen.;Ying Xian.;Haitao Zhang.;Yuan Wu.;Yanmin Yang.;Jianhua Wu.;Chuntong Wang.;Shenghu He.;Zhong Wang.;Yixin Wang.;Zhifang Wang.;Hui Liu.;Xiping Wang.;Minzhou Zhang.;Jun Zhang.;Jia Li.;Tao An.;Hao Guan.;Lin Li.;Meixia Shang.;Chen Yao.;Yaling Han.;Boli Zhang.;Runlin Gao.;Eric D Peterson.; .
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷16期1534-1545页
Tongxinluo, a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has shown promise in in vitro, animal, and small human studies for myocardial infarction, but has not been rigorously evaluated in large randomized clinical trials.
99. Effects of the Million Hearts Model on Myocardial Infarctions, Strokes, and Medicare Spending: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Laura Blue.;Keith Kranker.;Amanda R Markovitz.;Rhea E Powell.;Malcolm V Williams.;Jia Pu.;David J Magid.;Nancy McCall.;Allison Steiner.;Kate A Stewart.;Julia M Rollison.;Patricia Markovich.;G Greg Peterson.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷15期1437-1447页
The Million Hearts Model paid health care organizations to assess and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Model effects on long-term outcomes are unknown.
100. Small-Volume Blood Collection Tubes to Reduce Transfusions in Intensive Care: The STRATUS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Deborah M Siegal.;Emilie P Belley-Côté.;Shun Fu Lee.;Stephen Hill.;Frédérick D'Aragon.;Ryan Zarychanski.;Bram Rochwerg.;Michaël Chassé.;Alexandra Binnie.;Kimia Honarmand.;François Lauzier.;Ian Ball.;Waleed Al-Hazzani.;Patrick Archambault.;Erick Duan.;Kosar Khwaja.;François Lellouche.;Paul Lysecki.;François Marquis.;Jean-François Naud.;Jason Shahin.;Jennifer Shea.;Jennifer L Y Tsang.;Han Ting Wang.;Mark Crowther.;Donald M Arnold.;Emily Di Sante.;Gladys Marfo.;Tanya Kovalova.;Sylvanus Fonguh.;Jessica Vincent.;Stuart J Connolly.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷19期1872-1881页
Blood collection for laboratory testing in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is a modifiable contributor to anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Most blood withdrawn is not required for analysis and is discarded.
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