This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Paksun Combination in combination with lisdexamfetamine versus lisdexamfetamine monotherapy for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. A 12-month randomized controlled trial (January to December 2022) assigned 96 patients with leukopenia to two treatment groups by computer-generated block randomization. The intervention group (48 patients) received lisdexamfetamine (20 mg, TID) plus leucovorin (20 mL, TID), while the control group (48 patients) received lisdexamfetamine only. The primary outcomes included hematologic recovery parameters, TCM symptom improvement and immunologic indices. The combination therapy demonstrated significantly higher clinical response rates (93.75% vs 75.00%; χ²=15.507, P<0.001), with accelerated leukocyte recovery (5.46±0.41 vs 4.07±0.50×109/L; P<0.001) and neutrophil restoration (2.78±0.69 vs 2.17±0.73×109/L; P=0.025). Immunological improvements included increased IgG (20.81±2.77 vs 17.95±3.10 g/L; P<0.001) and IgM levels (1.59±0.30 vs 1.07±0.24 g/L; P<0.001). No significant difference in adverse events was observed between groups (10.42% vs 18.75%; P=0.247). The combination of Shengbai mixture and leucogen demonstrates significantly enhanced myeloprotective efficacy with safety profiles comparable to those of leucogen monotherapy, thereby underscoring its potential as a highly effective therapeutic modality.

To report the rates of proven, probable and possible invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis during initial induction and consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) plus either sorafenib or placebo.

Zanzalintinib is a multitargeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor that, when combined with atezolizumab, showed promising antitumour activity and manageable toxicity in a phase 1 study. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of zanzalintinib-atezolizumab versus regorafenib in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer.

Surgical resection is the preferred curative approach for patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but recurrence remains a major challenge. Consequently, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have been proposed to reduce tumour burden and mitigate the risk of recurrence. The CARES-009 trial aimed to evaluate perioperative camrelizumab plus rivoceranib in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma at intermediate or high risk of recurrence.

Patients with previously untreated, locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who are not candidates for inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have limited treatment options.

Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer have varied outcomes after cystectomy. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based detection of molecular residual disease may identify patients at high risk for recurrence after cystectomy who can benefit from adjuvant immunotherapy, thus sparing patients at lower risk from unnecessary treatment burden.

In the phase 3 EMBARK trial, enzalutamide plus leuprolide and enzalutamide monotherapy were associated with longer metastasis-free survival than leuprolide alone among patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. The final analysis of overall survival has not been reported.

In the CheckMate 238 trial, patients with resected stage IIIB-C or stage IV melanoma who were treated with nivolumab had longer recurrence-free survival than those who received ipilimumab. Data were needed on longer-term survival.

Receipt of anthracycline-based chemotherapy and statin therapy have been found to be associated with deterioration of cognitive function in patients with cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week programme, including moderate strength training with and without whole-body vibration (WBV), on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) associated symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing paclitaxel-containing therapy. The goal was to assess the effects on sensory, motor, and autonomic symptoms and on balance, depth sensitivity, and the vibration sensation.

We report the long-term efficacy and safety from the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III ATHENA-MONO/GOG-3020/ENGOT-ov45 (NCT03522246) study of first-line rucaparib maintenance for advanced ovarian cancer.

First-line treatments for metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) combine programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 ICI or angiogenesis targeted therapies (TT). Upon progression, common options include cabozantinib or lenvatinib + everolimus, although these regimens have never been directly compared. We hypothesized that lenvatinib + everolimus will improve progression-free survival (PFS) compared with cabozantinib after progression on PD-1 ICI.

Purpose This study aimed to clinically evaluate the high-energy light-emitting device (Germinator) in preventing pain and oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods Sixty patients were selected, being randomly divided into two groups(n = 30), according to preventive protocol: G1(Lasertherapy)-conventional low-intensity red laser protocol; G2(Germinator)-protocol with high-energy light-emitting device. Before and after these protocols, the pain and oral mucositis degrees were recorded by visual analog scale(VAS) for pain and World Health Organization(WHO) classification for oral mucositis. The VAS was used to assess pain symptoms, where 0 represented the absence of pain and 10 the highest pain score. The oral mucositis scoring was performed according to the WHO classification: grade 0(none), grade I(oral soreness, erythema), grade II(oral erythema, ulcers, solid and liquid diet tolerated), grade III(oral ulcers, liquid diet only), and grade IV(oral alimentation impossible). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test(α = 5%), in order to provide the intergroup comparison. Results The median (interquartile range-IQR) of pain score was 0.0(0.0-2.0) for G1 group(Lasertherapy), whereas it was 0.0(0.0-2.0) for G2 group(Germinator), revealing no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The median(minimum and maximum value) of the oral mucositis score was 0.0(0.0-1.0) for G1 group(Lasertherapy), whereas it was 0.0(0.0-1.0) for G2 group(Germinator), also revealing no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Both treatments proved equally effective in preventing and controlling these symptoms in patients undergoing chemotherapy, recognizing that no statistically significant difference was found between the two preventive modalities. Conclusions The high-energy light-emitting device(Germinator) appears promising in preventing pain and oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reactions are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Jianpi Yiwei granules (JPYW), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate these symptoms.

Patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) are commonly prescribed a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist (RA) and dexamethasone (DEX) as standard-of-care (SOC) antiemetic prophylaxis. However, in patients with an elevated risk of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) due to individual risk factors, prophylaxis with an neurokinin-1 (NK1) RA-containing regimen may optimise their antiemetic prevention. To address this unmet need for a more personalised antiemetic strategy, the MyRisk trial incorporated a predictive risk factor algorithm to select patients at increased risk of CINV who may benefit from enhanced antiemetic prophylaxis.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating side effect among breast cancer patients, leading to impaired functional capacity and diminished quality of life. Although non-pharmacological methods such as local heat and cold applications are gaining attention, their comparative efficacy has not been sufficiently explored. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of local heat and cold applications on CIPN symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease results in immune exhaustion and dampened T cell responses, and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors offer a potential approach to enable viral control without antiretroviral therapy (ART) through reversal of these effects. Budigalimab is an investigational humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Multiple intravenous (IV) low doses of budigalimab (Stage 1: 2 mg n = 10, 10 mg n = 10, placebo n = 5, two doses every 4 weeks; Stage 2: 10 mg n = 11, placebo n = 5, four doses every 2 weeks (Q2W)) were assessed in people living with HIV (PLWH; n = 41) in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase 1 study with an analytical treatment interruption (ATI) to identify an efficacious regimen with a favorable safety profile in PLWH. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics. Demographics and baseline characteristics were balanced across treatment groups, except for sex, which was mostly male. All participants identified as cisgender. Budigalimab was well tolerated for up to 44 weeks, with 29 of 41 participants experiencing an adverse event (AE), including 2 participants who each experienced one grade 1 reversible immune-related AE (thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism). Three grade 3 AEs were reported by two participants and one serious AE by one participant; none were deemed related to treatment. IV budigalimab 10 mg Q2W resulted in a slight accumulation of drug in serum, with concentrations remaining above the estimated concentration required for near-complete (>95%) PD-1 receptor saturation on CD8+ T cells for ~10 weeks in peripheral blood. In an exploratory efficacy analysis of a 12-week ATI initiated with the first of four 10 mg Q2W doses, 6 of 11 participants experienced a delayed rebound with a relatively low viral peak and/or off-ART viral control (<200 copies ml-1) for ≥6 weeks during ATI, with 2 sustaining ART-free viral control to study end (204-252 days). The study achieved prespecified endpoints, supporting further evaluation of budigalimab in PLWH in a phase 2 study. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04223804 .

Exploring the efficacy of compression therapy and combined therapies in alleviating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and sleep disturbances in breast cancer patients.

Maintenance-phase Chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity is concerned in pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) recommends Naqu Fawakeh, a fruit-based infusion, for liver inflammation. This study compare the effect of Naqu Fawakeh and silymarin on Chemotherapy side effects. In this triple-blind, randomized clinical trial, 82 children aged 5-17 years received either Naqu Fawakeh (n = 44) or silymarin (n = 38) for eight weeks. Both groups were administered by 5 mL (<30 kg body weight) and 10 mL (≥30 kg), three times daily after meals. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and chemotherapy-related symptoms (nausea, vomiting, constipation, thirst) were assessed before and after the intervention. No placebo group was included due to ethical considerations. Both interventions significantly reduced liver enzyme levels, with a greater effect in the Naqu Fawakeh group. The mean difference between groups was significant for ALT (P = 0.029). ALT decreased significantly in the Naqu Fawakeh group (P < 0.001) and in the silymarin group (P = 0.005); AST also decreased in both groups (Naqu Fawakeh: P = 0.005; silymarin: P = 0.011). Both treatments reduced nausea and vomiting within and after 24 h, as well as thirst, though the between-group mean difference was significant only for thirst (P = 0.001). Reductions in nausea and thirst were consistently greater in the Naqu Fawakeh group. No adverse renal or hematologic effects were observed. Therfore Naqu Fawakeh, as a safe and supportive therapy, is more effective than silymarin in reducing liver enzyme. Further studies are confirmed findings.

In the phase 3 PhALLCON trial (NCT03589326), ponatinib demonstrated superior efficacy, patient-reported treatment tolerability, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to imatinib in adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To explore the association between clinical response and HRQoL and substantiate the superior effect of ponatinib over imatinib on HRQoL, we analyzed the impact of clinical response and treatment tolerability on changes in HRQoL.HRQoL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia (FACT-Leu) questionnaire and the EQ-5D-5 L. Treatment tolerability was assessed using the FACT-GP5 item "bothered by treatment side effects." Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to examine changes in HRQoL over time, with clinical response status and patient-reported overall treatment tolerability as time-varying predictors, while controlling for significant covariates.This analysis included data from 238 patients (159 ponatinib, 79 imatinib). Achieving clinical response (complete remission or incomplete remission) was associated with significantly better changes from baseline across all FACT-Leu domains and the EQ-visual analogue scale than not achieving clinical response (p < 0.05). Treatment-related side effects led to significantly and meaningfully worse changes in HRQoL than "not bothered by treatment," with higher levels of "bother" associated with greater worsening in HRQoL from baseline.Taken together with the better treatment tolerability and longer response duration of ponatinib compared to imatinib, these findings further substantiate the HRQoL benefit of ponatinib over imatinib in patients with Ph + ALL.