The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with perioperative chemotherapy (CT) has become a major focus of clinical research in resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. Recent phase 2 and 3 trials have reported disparate outcomes, generating considerable debate. To synthesize this evidence, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding ICIs to CT in this setting.

This meta-analysis was designed to compare the long-term outcomes of first-line programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric cancer (GC).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel and promising anti-cancer therapy. We conducted this systematic review to precisely quantify the occurrence and development for actue kidney injury(AKI) following ICIs treatment for cancer. We conducted a search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Twenty-nine studies, comprising 24,953 cancer patients who received ICIs were finally eligible. The incidence of AKI was 16.2% (95%CI:12.8%-19.8%); the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) was 3.1%(95%CI:2.4%-4%); the incidence of non-ICPi-AKI was 11.2%(95%CI:8.4%-14.3%), and the incidence of sustained AKI was 14.9%(95%CI:7.5%-24.3%). Patients who developed AKI (HR = 1.521(95%CI:1.208-1.916)) and ICPi-AKI (HR = 1.407(95%CI:1.059-1.869)) exhibited an elevated risk of all-cause mortality. An increased risk for AKI was observed with preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD) and combined with other extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitor (PPI), diuretic, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAASi), antibiotics and fluidone was also significantly associated with incident AKI. Combined therapy had a greater impact on renal injury compared to monotherapy. Patients using ipilimumab were more prone to developing AKI, compared to those using nivoluma. CTLA4 (ref'PD-1) was associated with a higher likelihood of sustained AKI. The use of PDL-1(ref='PD-1) was linked to an increased susceptibility to ICPi-AKI. The occurrence of AKI was intricately linked to specific complications, the concomitant use of certain medications, and the specific regimen of ICIs. This deserves our attention.

PARP inhibitor (PARPi)-based therapy is a well-established treatment modality for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) harboring homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficiencies. However, its clinical efficacy in mCRPC without HRR alterations remains undefined.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly anti-PD-(L)1s, have transformed cancer care by their extended efficacy, even receiving next-line. Event-free survival 2 (EFS2), progression/recurrence-free survival 2 (PRFS2) and progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) capture the time from randomization to objective recurrence/progression or death on the first subsequent therapy, potentially offering a more accurate measure of durable benefit than first-event endpoints. Our aim is to review the magnitude of this benefit and evaluate long-term endpoints as surrogates for overall survival (OS) in immunotherapy for solid malignancies.

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Peritoneal metastasis (PM) occurs in 5-20 % of patients at diagnosis and is associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Intraperitoneal paclitaxel (IP PTX) has shown variable outcomes in this setting. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy and safety of IP PTX-based regimens in gastric cancer with PM. A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov identified 253 articles, of which 35 clinical trials (CTs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Screening and data extraction were conducted, with quality assessment performed using the RoB (Risk of Bias) 2.0 tool and the NIH Quality Assessment Questionnaire. Survival outcomes were assessed using median survival time (MST) and 1-year overall survival (OS). Tumor response was evaluated using RECIST criteria. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients undergoing conversion gastrectomy. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs). Among 855 patients, the overall pooled MST with IP PTX-based regimens was 20.2 months. Overall cumulative 1-year OS among 785 patients was 71 % (95 % CI: 66-76). In 332 patients undergoing conversion gastrectomy, pooled overall MST was 27 months. For 168 patients who underwent conversion gastrectomy after IP PTX-based regimens, the 1-year OS was 84 % (95 % CI: 77-89). The most common AEs were alopecia (75 %) and anemia (60 %). IP PTX-based regimens appear safe and effective for treating gastric cancer with PM. Subsequent conversion gastrectomy in eligible patients can further improve survival outcomes.

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) may reflect higher pharmacodynamic exposure and relate to improved outcomes, but its clinical relevance in pancreatic cancer remains uncertain.

Existing meta-analyses of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration focus mainly on ranibizumab and aflibercept, with limited data on newer agents (faricimab, conbercept). This network meta-analysis (NMA) comprehensively compares all four key agents.

The use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is) in treating hormone receptor positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have been shown to be effective in prolonging progression-free survival with manageable safety profiles. However, the impact of CDK4/6is on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is unclear.

Lung cancer (LC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated survival benefits in advanced-stage disease, treatment responses exhibit significant heterogeneity across patients. The potential role of comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in modulating survival outcomes from ICIs therapy remains controversial, with conflicting evidence regarding its synergistic or antagonistic effects. This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the impact of COPD on survival outcomes in lung cancer patients receiving ICIs, aiming to clarify its prognostic value and guide precision immunotherapy strategies.

This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immunotherapy plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone in TNBC patients, published from inception through 30 June 2022. Outcomes included pathological complete response (pCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs), and immune-related AEs (irAEs), analyzed using hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs). The addition of ICIs to chemotherapy improved pCR (OR 1.90, 95 % CI: 1.28-2.83, *P* = 0.002) and event-free survival (EFS) (HR 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.51-0.82, *P* = 0.0004) in the neoadjuvant setting. Notably, pCR benefits persisted regardless of PD-L1 status (OR 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.26-2.16, *P* = 0.0002 in PD-L1-positive patients; OR 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.04-2.33, *P* = 0.03 in PD-L1-negative patients). In the adjuvant setting, ICIs significantly prolonged PFS in both the intention-to-treat population (HR 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.74-0.90, *P* < 0.0001, *I*² = 0 %) and PD-L1-positive subgroups (HR 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.62-0.82, *P* < 0.00001, *I*² = 12 %). However, combination therapy increased the incidence of any-grade AEs, serious AEs, and grade ≥3 AEs in neoadjuvant treatment. The experimental group also exhibited higher toxicity for irAEs, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. These findings support the use of ICIs with chemotherapy for TNBC, though careful monitoring of adverse effects is warranted. PROSPERO registration number:CRD42022367366.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are under extensive investigation as a treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in numerous trials. Given the need to evaluate their therapeutic profile, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of ICI therapy for TNBC.

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) affects approximately 65% of patients receiving chemotherapy and has a negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Scalp cooling (SC) is the only FDA-cleared intervention for CIA. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated SC adverse events (AEs), reasons for discontinuation, and scalp metastasis incidence.

Recent advancements highlight promising outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) when combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with CCRT/chemotherapy in patients with LACC.

Cisplatin causes nephrotoxicity in approximately 30% of patients. Mannitol has been proposed as a nephroprotective agent, yet the clinical evidence remains inconclusive.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether compression therapy prevents chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in breast cancer patients receiving taxanes.

Recent advancements in tumor therapy have centered on novel treatments, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have transformed cancer treatment since their global approval in 2011. ICIs have demonstrated remarkable and substantial efficacy across a range of malignancies, including malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck cancers, renal carcinoma, and selected gastrointestinal cancers. Despite these promising outcomes, the challenges that during the clinical application, such as relatively low response rates and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events, can limit therapeutic benefits. Accumulating evidence highlights the gut microbiome as a critical modulator of cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Notably, alterations in gut microbiota composition observed in response to ICI therapy, and specific bacterial populations (such as an increased Clostridiales/ Baceroidales ratio, etc.) have been associated with improved responses in patients with NSCLC and renal cell carcinoma. However, the composition and function of the gut microbiome are influenced by a variety of factors, among which concomitant drug use plays a particularly prominent role. Medications commonly prescribed to cancer patients, such as antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and probiotics, can significantly alter microbial communities, potentially impacting immunotherapy outcomes. Thus, there is a compelling need for rigorous research to elucidate how such drug-induced shifts in gut microbiota affect patient responses to ICIs. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis which included 69 studies, 102 cohorts (22,568 patients were included) to systematically investigate the influence of drug interventions, including PPIs, antibiotics and probiotics on gut microbiome dynamics and ICI effectiveness. Progression-free survival (PFS), Overall survival (OS) and Objective response rate (ORR) were utilized as the main meta notions, while a subgroup analysis was determined based on: (1) tumor type; (2) exposure time window; (3) Treatment scheme as well. The total HR and 95% CI for PFS and OS are calculated separately for each intervention (probiotics, antibiotics, and PPIs) to compare their impact on ICI immunotherapy. Our research showed that the concurrent use of antibiotics or PPIs with ICIs was associated with significantly OS, PFS, and ORR. In contrast, probiotic supplementation demonstrated promising results with improved efficacy metrics. Besides, in subgroup analysis, patients using antibiotics within three months before or after the initiation of ICI therapy, OS, PFS, and ORR were significantly lower compared to those who did not receive antibiotics; the timing of antibiotic or PPI administration consistently resulted in poorer outcomes; a negative correlation between PPI use and OS, PFS, and ORR across treatment modalities was also exhibited. By elucidating the interplay between these factors, this study aims to provide robust evidence for optimizing ICI therapy, and to enlighten cancer treatment strategies more personalized, effective and safer, ultimately advancing patient care in oncology.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate uesd for the treatment of HER2- positive (HER2+)breast cancer. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of T-DXd in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer.

Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) often triggers immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Analysis of irAEs in large checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) trials has enhanced their management and demonstrated their prognostic value for treatment outcome. However, data on irAEs in non-standard CITs are limited, and systematic exploration is lacking. Identifying predictive biomarkers for irAEs in these therapies is still emerging and essential for improving patient care.

Despite the established efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy, with or without anti-angiogenic agents, for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), a comprehensive comparative assessment of these regimens remains lacking. This study aimed to systematically compare the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of currently available ICI combination regimens for ES-SCLC.