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81. Ponatinib vs Imatinib in Frontline Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Elias Jabbour.;Hagop M Kantarjian.;Ibrahim Aldoss.;Pau Montesinos.;Jessica T Leonard.;David Gómez-Almaguer.;Maria R Baer.;Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini.;James McCloskey.;Yosuke Minami.;Cristina Papayannidis.;Vanderson Rocha.;Philippe Rousselot.;Pankit Vachhani.;Eunice S Wang.;Bingxia Wang.;Meliessa Hennessy.;Alexander Vorog.;Niti Patel.;Tammie Yeh.;Jose-Maria Ribera.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷21期1814-1823页
In newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), disease progression due to acquired resistance to first- or second-generation BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors is common. Ponatinib inhibits BCR::ABL1 and all single-mutation variants, including T315I.
82. Smoking Cessation After Initial Treatment Failure With Varenicline or Nicotine Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paul M Cinciripini.;Charles E Green.;Sanjay Shete.;Jennifer A Minnix.;Jason D Robinson.;Yong Cui.;Seokhun Kim.;George Kypriotakis.;Diane Beneventi.;Janice A Blalock.;Francesco Versace.;Maher Karam-Hage.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷20期1722-1731页
Most people who smoke do not quit on their initial attempt.
83. Aspirin vs Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: The Alliance A011502 Randomized Trial.
作者: Wendy Y Chen.;Karla V Ballman.;Ann H Partridge.;Olwen M Hahn.;Frederick M Briccetti.;William J Irvin.;Banu Symington.;Kala Visvanathan.;Paula R Pohlmann.;Thomas H Openshaw.;Anna Weiss.;Eric P Winer.;Lisa A Carey.;Michelle D Holmes.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷20期1714-1721页
Observational studies of survivors of breast cancer and prospective trials of aspirin for cardiovascular disease suggest improved breast cancer survival among aspirin users, but prospective studies of aspirin to prevent breast cancer recurrence are lacking.
84. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Late Preterm Antenatal Corticosteroids: The ALPS Follow-Up Study.
作者: Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman.;Rebecca G Clifton.;Alan T N Tita.;Sean C Blackwell.;Monica Longo.;Jessica A de Voest.;T Michael O'Shea.;Sabine Z Bousleiman.;Felecia Ortiz.;Dwight J Rouse.;Torri D Metz.;George R Saade.;Kara M Rood.;Kent D Heyborne.;John M Thorp.;Geeta K Swamy.;William A Grobman.;Kelly S Gibson.;Yasser Y El-Sayed.;George A Macones.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷19期1629-1637页
The Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) trial changed clinical practice in the United States by finding that antenatal betamethasone at 34 to 36 weeks decreased short-term neonatal respiratory morbidity. However, the trial also found increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia after betamethasone. This follow-up study focused on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after late preterm steroids.
85. Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia: The INSPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Shruti K Gohil.;Edward Septimus.;Ken Kleinman.;Neha Varma.;Taliser R Avery.;Lauren Heim.;Risa Rahm.;William S Cooper.;Mandelin Cooper.;Laura E McLean.;Naoise G Nickolay.;Robert A Weinstein.;L Hayley Burgess.;Micaela H Coady.;Edward Rosen.;Selsebil Sljivo.;Kenneth E Sands.;Julia Moody.;Justin Vigeant.;Syma Rashid.;Rebecca F Gilbert.;Kim N Smith.;Brandon Carver.;Russell E Poland.;Jason Hickok.;S G Sturdevant.;Michael S Calderwood.;Anastasiia Weiland.;David W Kubiak.;Sujan Reddy.;Melinda M Neuhauser.;Arjun Srinivasan.;John A Jernigan.;Mary K Hayden.;Abinav Gowda.;Katyuska Eibensteiner.;Robert Wolf.;Jonathan B Perlin.;Richard Platt.;Susan S Huang.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷23期2007-2017页
Pneumonia is the most common infection requiring hospitalization and is a major reason for overuse of extended-spectrum antibiotics. Despite low risk of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection, clinical uncertainty often drives initial antibiotic selection. Strategies to limit empiric antibiotic overuse for patients with pneumonia are needed.
86. Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Urinary Tract Infection: The INSPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Shruti K Gohil.;Edward Septimus.;Ken Kleinman.;Neha Varma.;Taliser R Avery.;Lauren Heim.;Risa Rahm.;William S Cooper.;Mandelin Cooper.;Laura E McLean.;Naoise G Nickolay.;Robert A Weinstein.;L Hayley Burgess.;Micaela H Coady.;Edward Rosen.;Selsebil Sljivo.;Kenneth E Sands.;Julia Moody.;Justin Vigeant.;Syma Rashid.;Rebecca F Gilbert.;Kim N Smith.;Brandon Carver.;Russell E Poland.;Jason Hickok.;S G Sturdevant.;Michael S Calderwood.;Anastasiia Weiland.;David W Kubiak.;Sujan Reddy.;Melinda M Neuhauser.;Arjun Srinivasan.;John A Jernigan.;Mary K Hayden.;Abinav Gowda.;Katyuska Eibensteiner.;Robert Wolf.;Jonathan B Perlin.;Richard Platt.;Susan S Huang.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷23期2018-2028页
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infection leading to hospitalization and is often associated with gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Clinicians overuse extended-spectrum antibiotics although most patients are at low risk for MDRO infection. Safe strategies to limit overuse of empiric antibiotics are needed.
87. Single Ascending and Multiple-Dose Trial of Zerlasiran, a Short Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Steven E Nissen.;Kathy Wolski.;Gerald F Watts.;Michael J Koren.;Henry Fok.;Stephen J Nicholls.;David A Rider.;Leslie Cho.;Steven Romano.;Carrie Melgaard.;Curtis Rambaran.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷18期1534-1543页
Lipoprotein(a) is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic stenosis, with no pharmacological treatments approved by regulatory authorities.
88. Prostate Cancer Screening With PSA, Kallikrein Panel, and MRI: The ProScreen Randomized Trial.
作者: Anssi Auvinen.;Teuvo L J Tammela.;Tuomas Mirtti.;Hans Lilja.;Teemu Tolonen.;Anu Kenttämies.;Irina Rinta-Kiikka.;Terho Lehtimäki.;Kari Natunen.;Jaakko Nevalainen.;Jani Raitanen.;Johanna Ronkainen.;Theodorus van der Kwast.;Jarno Riikonen.;Anssi Pétas.;Mika Matikainen.;Kimmo Taari.;Tuomas Kilpeläinen.;Antti S Rannikko.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷17期1452-1459页
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has potential to reduce prostate cancer mortality but frequently detects prostate cancer that is not clinically important.
89. Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening and 15-Year Prostate Cancer Mortality: A Secondary Analysis of the CAP Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Richard M Martin.;Emma L Turner.;Grace J Young.;Chris Metcalfe.;Eleanor I Walsh.;J Athene Lane.;Jonathan A C Sterne.;Sian Noble.;Peter Holding.;Yoav Ben-Shlomo.;Naomi J Williams.;Nora Pashayan.;Mai Ngoc Bui.;Peter C Albertsen.;Tyler M Seibert.;Anthony L Zietman.;Jon Oxley.;Jan Adolfsson.;Malcolm D Mason.;George Davey Smith.;David E Neal.;Freddie C Hamdy.;Jenny L Donovan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷17期1460-1470页
The Cluster Randomized Trial of PSA Testing for Prostate Cancer (CAP) reported no effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening on prostate cancer mortality at a median 10-year follow-up (primary outcome), but the long-term effects of PSA screening on prostate cancer mortality remain unclear.
90. Integrated Hepatitis C-Opioid Use Disorder Care Through Facilitated Telemedicine: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Andrew H Talal.;Marianthi Markatou.;Anran Liu.;Ponni V Perumalswami.;Amreen M Dinani.;Jonathan N Tobin.;Lawrence S Brown.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷16期1369-1378页
Facilitated telemedicine may promote hepatitis C virus elimination by mitigating geographic and temporal barriers.
91. Pulmonary Vein Isolation With or Without Left Atrial Appendage Ligation in Atrial Fibrillation: The aMAZE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Dhanunjaya R Lakkireddy.;David J Wilber.;Suneet Mittal.;David Tschopp.;Christopher R Ellis.;Abdi Rasekh.;Troy Hounshell.;Rudy Evonich.;Sheetal Chandhok.;Ronald D Berger.;Rodney Horton.;Michael H Hoskins.;Hugh Calkins.;Steven J Yakubov.;Pamela Simons.;Benjamin R Saville.;Randall J Lee.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷13期1099-1108页
Left atrial appendage elimination may improve catheter ablation outcomes for atrial fibrillation.
92. Effect of Early vs Late Inguinal Hernia Repair on Serious Adverse Event Rates in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Martin L Blakely.;Andrea Krzyzaniak.;Melvin S Dassinger.;Claudia Pedroza.;Jorn-Hendrik Weitkamp.;Ankush Gosain.;Michael Cotten.;Susan R Hintz.;Henry Rice.;Sherry E Courtney.;Kevin P Lally.;Namasivayam Ambalavanan.;Catherine M Bendel.;Kim Chi T Bui.;Casey Calkins.;Nicole M Chandler.;Roshni Dasgupta.;Jonathan M Davis.;Katherine Deans.;Daniel A DeUgarte.;Jeffrey Gander.;Carl-Christian A Jackson.;Martin Keszler.;Karen Kling.;Stephen J Fenton.;Kimberley A Fisher.;Tyler Hartman.;Eunice Y Huang.;Saleem Islam.;Frances Koch.;Shabnam Lainwala.;Aaron Lesher.;Monica Lopez.;Meghna Misra.;Jamie Overbey.;Brenda Poindexter.;Robert Russell.;Steven Stylianos.;Douglas Y Tamura.;Bradley A Yoder.;Donald Lucas.;Donald Shaul.;P Ben Ham.;Colleen Fitzpatrick.;Kara Calkins.;Aaron Garrison.;Diomel de la Cruz.;Shahab Abdessalam.;Charlotte Kvasnovsky.;Bradley J Segura.;Joel Shilyansky.;Lynne M Smith.;Jon E Tyson.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷12期1035-1044页
Inguinal hernia repair in preterm infants is common and is associated with considerable morbidity. Whether the inguinal hernia should be repaired prior to or after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit is controversial.
93. Aspirin for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Without Cirrhosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Tracey G Simon.;Robert M Wilechansky.;Stefania Stoyanova.;Alessandra Grossman.;Laura E Dichtel.;Georg M Lauer.;Karen K Miller.;Yujin Hoshida.;Kathleen E Corey.;Rohit Loomba.;Raymond T Chung.;Andrew T Chan.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷11期920-929页
Aspirin may reduce severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and lower the incidence of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, in patients with MASLD. However, the effect of aspirin on MASLD is unknown.
94. Video Laryngoscopy vs Direct Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Intubation in the Operating Room: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kurt Ruetzler.;Sergio Bustamante.;Marc T Schmidt.;Federico Almonacid-Cardenas.;Andra Duncan.;Andrew Bauer.;Alparslan Turan.;Nikolaos J Skubas.;Daniel I Sessler.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷15期1279-1286页
Endotracheal tubes are typically inserted in the operating room using direct laryngoscopy. Video laryngoscopy has been reported to improve airway visualization; however, whether improved visualization reduces intubation attempts in surgical patients is unclear.
95. Mass Azithromycin Distribution to Prevent Child Mortality in Burkina Faso: The CHAT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Catherine E Oldenburg.;Mamadou Ouattara.;Mamadou Bountogo.;Valentin Boudo.;Thierry Ouedraogo.;Guillaume Compaoré.;Clarisse Dah.;Alphonse Zakane.;Boubacar Coulibaly.;Cheik Bagagnan.;Huiyu Hu.;Kieran S O'Brien.;Fanice Nyatigo.;Jeremy D Keenan.;Thuy Doan.;Travis C Porco.;Benjamin F Arnold.;Elodie Lebas.;Ali Sié.;Thomas M Lietman.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷6期482-490页
Repeated mass distribution of azithromycin has been shown to reduce childhood mortality by 14% in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the estimated effect varied by location, suggesting that the intervention may not be effective in different geographical areas, time periods, or conditions.
96. Nurse and Social Worker Palliative Telecare Team and Quality of Life in Patients With COPD, Heart Failure, or Interstitial Lung Disease: The ADAPT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: David B Bekelman.;William Feser.;Brianne Morgan.;Carolyn H Welsh.;Elizabeth C Parsons.;Grady Paden.;Anna Baron.;Brack Hattler.;Connor McBryde.;Andrew Cheng.;Allison V Lange.;David H Au.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷3期212-223页
Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure (HF), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) endure poor quality of life despite conventional therapy. Palliative care approaches may benefit this population prior to end of life.
97. Perioperative Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients With Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Neotorch Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Shun Lu.;Wei Zhang.;Lin Wu.;Wenxiang Wang.;Peng Zhang.; .;Wentao Fang.;Wenqun Xing.;Qixun Chen.;Lin Yang.;Jiandong Mei.;Lijie Tan.;Xiaohong Sun.;Shidong Xu.;Xiaohua Hu.;Guohua Yu.;Dongliang Yu.;Nong Yang.;Yuping Chen.;Jinlu Shan.;Ligang Xing.;Hui Tian.;Xun Zhang.;Ming Zhou.;Haohui Fang.;Guowu Wu.;Yunpeng Liu.;Minhua Ye.;Lejie Cao.;Jie Jiang.;Xingya Li.;Liangming Zhu.;Shanqing Li.;Mingqiang Kang.;Aihong Zhong.;Keneng Chen.;Nan Wu.;Qian Sun.;Haitao Ma.;Kaican Cai.;Changli Wang.;Gen Lin.;Kunshou Zhu.;Yu Zhang.;Xiaochun Zhang.;Hong Hu.;Wengang Zhang.;Jun Chen.;Zhixiong Yang.;Xiaosheng Hang.;Jian Hu.;Yunchao Huang.;Zhiye Zhang.;Lumin Zhang.;Liwei Zhang.;Lunxu Liu.;Dongmei Lin.;Jie Zhang.;Gang Chen.;Yuan Li.;Lei Zhu.;Weihua Wang.;Wenbo Yu.;Dezhen Cao.;Patricia Keegan.;Sheng Yao.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷3期201-211页
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy have improved clinical outcomes for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal combination of checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy remains unknown.
98. Default Palliative Care Consultation for Seriously Ill Hospitalized Patients: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial.
作者: Katherine R Courtright.;Vanessa Madden.;Brian Bayes.;Marzana Chowdhury.;Casey Whitman.;Dylan S Small.;Michael O Harhay.;Suzanne Parra.;Elizabeth Cooney-Zingman.;Mary Ersek.;Gabriel J Escobar.;Sarah H Hill.;Scott D Halpern.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷3期224-232页
Increasing inpatient palliative care delivery is prioritized, but large-scale, experimental evidence of its effectiveness is lacking.
99. Child Neurodevelopment After Multidomain Interventions From Preconception Through Early Childhood: The WINGS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ravi Prakash Upadhyay.;Sunita Taneja.;Ranadip Chowdhury.;Neeta Dhabhai.;Savita Sapra.;Sarmila Mazumder.;Sitanshi Sharma.;Mark Tomlinson.;Tarun Dua.;Harish Chellani.;Rupali Dewan.;Pratima Mittal.;M K Bhan.;Nita Bhandari.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷1期28-37页
Multidomain interventions in pregnancy and early childhood have improved child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of additional preconception interventions.
100. Measuring the Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Vignette Survey Study.
作者: Sarah Jabbour.;David Fouhey.;Stephanie Shepard.;Thomas S Valley.;Ella A Kazerooni.;Nikola Banovic.;Jenna Wiens.;Michael W Sjoding.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷23期2275-2284页
Artificial intelligence (AI) could support clinicians when diagnosing hospitalized patients; however, systematic bias in AI models could worsen clinician diagnostic accuracy. Recent regulatory guidance has called for AI models to include explanations to mitigate errors made by models, but the effectiveness of this strategy has not been established.
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