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941. Management of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a systematic review.
Antiphospholipid antibodies are autoantibodies directed against proteins that bind to phospholipid. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) refers to the association between antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis risk or pregnancy morbidity. Patients with APS may be at increased risk of recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis or pregnancy loss.
942. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: expanding indications and technologies.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major challenge facing contemporary cardiology. For an increasing number of patients, the current standard of care for the treatment and prevention of SCD is the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Since its introduction, there have been numerous advances in ICD technology, and indications for its use have expanded greatly in the past year.
943. Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects approximately 20% of adults older than 55 years and is a powerful predictor of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death due to vascular causes. The goals of treatment are to prevent future major coronary and cerebrovascular events and improve leg symptoms.
944. Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?
作者: Nadia A Khan.;Sherali A Rahim.;Sonia S Anand.;David L Simel.;Akbar Panju.
来源: JAMA. 2006年295卷5期536-46页
Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common and associated with significant increases in morbidity and mortality. Physicians typically depend on the clinical examination to identify patients who need further diagnostic testing.
946. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review.
作者: Catherine H MacLean.;Sydne J Newberry.;Walter A Mojica.;Puja Khanna.;Amalia M Issa.;Marika J Suttorp.;Yee-Wee Lim.;Shana B Traina.;Lara Hilton.;Rena Garland.;Sally C Morton.
来源: JAMA. 2006年295卷4期403-15页
Omega-3 fatty acids are purported to reduce the risk of cancer. Studies have reported mixed results.
947. Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women and men: a sex-specific meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
作者: Jeffrey S Berger.;Maria C Roncaglioni.;Fausto Avanzini.;Ierta Pangrazzi.;Gianni Tognoni.;David L Brown.
来源: JAMA. 2006年295卷3期306-13页
Aspirin therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults who are at increased risk. However, it is unclear if women derive the same benefit as men.
948. Does this patient have deep vein thrombosis?
作者: Philip S Wells.;Carolyn Owen.;Steve Doucette.;Dean Fergusson.;Huyen Tran.
来源: JAMA. 2006年295卷2期199-207页
Outpatients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have nonspecific signs and symptoms. Missed DVT diagnosis may result in fatal pulmonary embolism. Since many patients may have DVT, a selective and efficient diagnostic process is needed.
949. Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
作者: Krista M Dale.;Craig I Coleman.;Nickole N Henyan.;Jeffrey Kluger.;C Michael White.
来源: JAMA. 2006年295卷1期74-80页
Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been proven in randomized controlled trials to prevent cardiac events. Recent retrospective analyses have suggested that statins also prevent cancer.
950. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Josep Masip.;Marta Roque.;Bernat Sánchez.;Rafael Fernández.;Mireia Subirana.;José Angel Expósito.
来源: JAMA. 2005年294卷24期3124-30页
In patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema noninvasive ventilation may reduce intubation rate, but the impact on mortality and the superiority of one technique over another have not been clearly established.
951. Ventilatory management of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are critical illnesses associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone of supportive therapy. However, despite several important advances, the optimal strategy for ventilation and adjunctive therapies for patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is still evolving.
952. Manifestations of chronic disease during pregnancy.
Physiologic changes of pregnancy include insulin resistance, thrombophilia, immunosuppression, and hypervolemia. These changes may herald the development of disease in later life.
953. Value and limitations of chest pain history in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes.
The chest pain history, physical examination, determination of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, and the initial electrocardiogram compose the information immediately available to clinicians to help determine the probability of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with chest pain. However, conflicting data exist about the usefulness of the chest pain history and which components are most useful.
954. Ricin poisoning: a comprehensive review.
作者: Jennifer Audi.;Martin Belson.;Manish Patel.;Joshua Schier.;John Osterloh.
来源: JAMA. 2005年294卷18期2342-51页
The recent discoveries of ricin, a deadly biologic toxin, at a South Carolina postal facility, a White House mail facility, and a US senator's office has raised concerns among public health officials, physicians, and citizens. Ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known, particularly when inhaled. The ease with which the native plant (Ricinus communis) can be obtained and the toxin extracted makes ricin an attractive weapon.
955. Randomized trials stopped early for benefit: a systematic review.
作者: Victor M Montori.;P J Devereaux.;Neill K J Adhikari.;Karen E A Burns.;Christoph H Eggert.;Matthias Briel.;Christina Lacchetti.;Teresa W Leung.;Elizabeth Darling.;Dianne M Bryant.;Heiner C Bucher.;Holger J Schünemann.;Maureen O Meade.;Deborah J Cook.;Patricia J Erwin.;Amit Sood.;Richa Sood.;Benjamin Lo.;Carly A Thompson.;Qi Zhou.;Edward Mills.;Gordon H Guyatt.
来源: JAMA. 2005年294卷17期2203-9页
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that stop earlier than planned because of apparent benefit often receive great attention and affect clinical practice. Their prevalence, the magnitude and plausibility of their treatment effects, and the extent to which they report information about how investigators decided to stop early are, however, unknown.
956. Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review.
作者: J John Mann.;Alan Apter.;Jose Bertolote.;Annette Beautrais.;Dianne Currier.;Ann Haas.;Ulrich Hegerl.;Jouko Lonnqvist.;Kevin Malone.;Andrej Marusic.;Lars Mehlum.;George Patton.;Michael Phillips.;Wolfgang Rutz.;Zoltan Rihmer.;Armin Schmidtke.;David Shaffer.;Morton Silverman.;Yoshitomo Takahashi.;Airi Varnik.;Danuta Wasserman.;Paul Yip.;Herbert Hendin.
来源: JAMA. 2005年294卷16期2064-74页
In 2002, an estimated 877,000 lives were lost worldwide through suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their effectiveness is rarely evaluated.
957. Does this dyspneic patient in the emergency department have congestive heart failure?
作者: Charlie S Wang.;J Mark FitzGerald.;Michael Schulzer.;Edwin Mak.;Najib T Ayas.
来源: JAMA. 2005年294卷15期1944-56页
Dyspnea is a common complaint in the emergency department where physicians must accurately make a rapid diagnosis.
958. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Atypical antipsychotic medications are widely used to treat delusions, aggression, and agitation in people with Alzheimer disease and other dementia; however, concerns have arisen about the increased risk for cerebrovascular adverse events, rapid cognitive decline, and mortality with their use.
959. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis.
作者: .;John Danesh.;Sarah Lewington.;Simon G Thompson.;Gordon D O Lowe.;Rory Collins.;J B Kostis.;A C Wilson.;A R Folsom.;K Wu.;M Benderly.;U Goldbourt.;J Willeit.;S Kiechl.;J W G Yarnell.;P M Sweetnam.;P C Elwood.;M Cushman.;B M Psaty.;R P Tracy.;A Tybjaerg-Hansen.;F Haverkate.;M P M de Maat.;F G R Fowkes.;A J Lee.;F B Smith.;V Salomaa.;K Harald.;R Rasi.;E Vahtera.;P Jousilahti.;J Pekkanen.;R D'Agostino.;W B Kannel.;P W F Wilson.;G Tofler.;C L Arocha-Piñango.;A Rodriguez-Larralde.;E Nagy.;M Mijares.;R Espinosa.;E Rodriquez-Roa.;E Ryder.;M P Diez-Ewald.;G Campos.;V Fernandez.;E Torres.;R Marchioli.;F Valagussa.;A Rosengren.;L Wilhelmsen.;G Lappas.;H Eriksson.;P Cremer.;D Nagel.;J D Curb.;B Rodriguez.;K Yano.;J T Salonen.;K Nyyssönen.;T-P Tuomainen.;B Hedblad.;P Lind.;H Loewel.;W Koenig.;T W Meade.;J A Cooper.;B De Stavola.;C Knottenbelt.;G J Miller.;J A Cooper.;K A Bauer.;R D Rosenberg.;S Sato.;A Kitamura.;Y Naito.;T Palosuo.;P Ducimetiere.;P Amouyel.;D Arveiler.;A E Evans.;J Ferrieres.;I Juhan-Vague.;A Bingham.;H Schulte.;G Assmann.;B Cantin.;B Lamarche.;J-P Després.;G R Dagenais.;H Tunstall-Pedoe.;M Woodward.;Y Ben-Shlomo.;G Davey Smith.;V Palmieri.;J L Yeh.;A Rudnicka.;P Ridker.;F Rodeghiero.;A Tosetto.;J Shepherd.;I Ford.;M Robertson.;E Brunner.;M Shipley.;E J M Feskens.;D Kromhout.;A Dickinson.;B Ireland.;K Juzwishin.;S Kaptoge.;S Lewington.;A Memon.;N Sarwar.;M Walker.;J Wheeler.;I White.;A Wood.
来源: JAMA. 2005年294卷14期1799-809页
Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.
960. Medical treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
The treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has changed markedly in the last 15 years. Many children with JIA are not treated by pediatric rheumatologists.
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