This study intends to determine whether exercise-based interventions improve haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and examines how different types of exercise influence this association.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of biologic therapies, which include platelet-rich plasma and cell-based therapies (e.g., adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells), on pain, physical function, and disease progression in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), focusing on studies with a follow-up of at least 12 months. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) posted at some stage in January 2000-May 2025. Eligible research protected the ones in adults with Kellgren-Lawrence grades I-III OA who underwent at least 12 months of follow-up. The bias risk was assessed, and the evidence certainty was evaluated. Random-effects models were used for pooled analyses. Fourteen RCTs were included. Compared with control treatments, biologic therapies significantly reduced pain and improved physical function. Potential structural benefits, including cartilage thickness preservation and favourable biochemical changes, were noted. However, substantial heterogeneity in study design and intervention protocols, along with potential publication bias, reduced the certainty of evidence to a very low level. Biologic therapies may be associated with improvements in pain and physical function at ≥12 months of follow-up, with preliminary indications of structural benefit. Nevertheless, high-quality multicenter RCTs with extended follow-up are warranted.

This systematic literature review analyzed real-world evidence on autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (ndMM) in China.

The evidence considering the potential protective impact of statins on the mortality rate caused by colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. This study aimed to systematically assess the effect of statins on the survival rate of CRC patients.

A distinct subpopulation of tumour cells, known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), plays a critical role in driving poor therapeutic outcomes due to its high proliferative capacity, metastatic potential and resistance to treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising focus of research owing to their stability and ability to modulate tumour biology. However, the role of miRNAs in regulating BCSC characteristics remains insufficiently understood. This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the potential of miRNA-based strategies in targeting BCSCs to suppress their proliferation, metastasis potential, and treatment resistance.

Craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration poses significant clinical challenges due to the anatomical complexity of this region and the inherent limitations of conventional reconstructive techniques. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising alternative in that stem cells harness the capacities of multilineage differentiation and paracrine signaling to enhance tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, the overall clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy remains a subject of debate. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of stem cell therapy in oral and craniofacial bone regeneration. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted in July 2024, identifying 59 eligible prospective studies-including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials and single-arm studies-involving more than five participants each. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for randomized studies and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. The included studies encompassed a broad range of surgical indications, such as alveolar cleft repair, alveolar ridge augmentation, sinus floor augmentation, periodontal defect regeneration, mandibular fracture management, pathological bone defect repair, and temporomandibular joint disorders. Over three-quarters of studies utilized bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and/or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), either alone or combined with biomaterial scaffolds. Across diverse procedures, stem cell therapy was associated with clinical and histological benefits, especially in the quality and maturity of regenerated bone. Meta-analysis showed that the addition of stem cells significantly improved the histologic quality of regenerated bone (p = 0.0446), although this enhancement was not evident in radiographic assessments (p = 0.1094). Additionally, meta-analyses demonstrated that stem cell therapy did not result in significant improvements in periodontal clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (p = 0.0730) or linear bone height (p = 0.1858) and width (p = 0.8323) compared to conventional treatments. Notably, volumetric (3D) radiographic assessments indicated significantly enhanced bone volume regeneration in stem cell-treated groups (p = 0.0218). Overall, stem cell therapy shows promising potential in craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration, but heterogeneity among studies underscores the need for further standardized clinical trials to establish definitive benefits, as well as consistent reporting.

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is shifting from traditional materials toward regenerative strategies that modulate inflammation and stimulate angiogenesis. This review evaluates scaffold-based, scaffold-free, and cell-laden approaches targeting immunomodulatory and angiogenic responses in dental pulp regeneration.

Stem cell-derived and plant-derived exosomes are emerging as promising therapeutic agents in cutaneous repair, regeneration, and rejuvenation. They facilitate wound healing and skin revitalization through multifaceted mechanisms, including immunomodulation, promotion of cellular differentiation, and stimulation of angiogenesis. Additionally, their ability to modulate collagen production and remodeling underscores their potential in addressing skin aging and improving cosmetic outcomes. Consequently, exosome-based therapies show promise for a range of conditions, from challenging wounds and skin aging to pigmentary disorders, hair loss, certain immune-mediated dermatoses. To ensure a comprehensive and unbiased synthesis of the current evidence, this systematic review was conducted following a structured methodology, encompassing a search across multiple major databases over a defined 20-year period. This review systematically outlines the roles and applications of commonly employed plant exosomes and stem cell exosomes in recent years' advancements in skin repair and cosmetic dermatology. By synthesizing the current understanding of their mechanisms and clinical potential, this review aims to highlight viable therapeutic strategies that bridge the gap between medical dermatology and aesthetic medicine.

Personalized therapy in neuro-oncology has traditionally relied on molecular profiling. However, clinical benefit has been scarce to date. Recently, in vitro drug sensitivity testing using patient-derived models-such as organoids and cell lines-has emerged as a promising strategy. We systematically reviewed evidence on the efficacy of in vitro drug screening in predicting treatment outcome for brain tumors, including but not limited to glioblastoma. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Fifteen studies were included, comprising 300 patients overall. Cohort studies built the largest group; only one randomized clinical trial was found. In vitro assays, using patient-derived stem cells, standardized assays ad the ChemoID, or tumor-derived organoids, were able to reliably predict treatment outcome. However, the overall quality of evidence was limited. These models may overcome limitations of molecular profiling, especially in glioblastoma, where driver mutations are often lacking and the molecular profile evolves at recurrence. Although initial results are promising, further validation is needed before clinical implementation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health burden, and Urolithin A (Uro-A) has emerged as a promising anticancer agent. This systematic review aims to synthesize current in vitro evidence on the anticancer effects of Uro-A in CRC, highlighting effective concentration ranges, exposure times, relevant outcomes, and underlying molecular mechanisms.

To support the development of a national guideline on stem cell therapy, the Department of Health Research, India, commissioned this systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various stem cell types in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), focusing on patient-important outcomes.

MSCs are an important component of the TME and play a key role in tumor progression. Based on existing in vitro studies, this research aims to investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the EMT of HNSCC and its related mechanisms.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies as compared to the standard of care (SOC) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by malignant transformation of lymphoid precursor cells. ALL prognosis differs considerably, especially between pediatric patients and adult patients, with poor response to therapy in adults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes, are possible cancer biomarkers that predict cancer prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in ALL and extends the findings through ceRNA network and single-cell RNA seq analyses of validated target genes.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a leading contributor to chronic low back pain and global disability. Existing therapies, from conservative management to spinal fusion, do not reverse the underlying molecular degeneration, leaving a critical treatment gap. Given its regenerative capabilities the advent of stem-cell therapy may constitute an ideal solution to fulfill such a therapeutic gap.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterised by inflammation, demyelination, and progressive neurodegeneration. Although current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can reduce relapse rates and inflammatory activity, they rarely stop long-term progression or repair neurological damage. In recent years, cell-based therapies have emerged as promising approaches to promote immune regulation and neuroregeneration in MS. Methods: This review summarises the current clinical evidence from studies in humans investigating cell-based treatments for MS, including autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and neural stem or progenitor cells (NSCs). A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov, focusing on human clinical trials that met specific inclusion criteria. Results: Prevailing findings show that AHSCT provides the most consistent benefit, achieving long-term immune reconstitution and remission in patients with highly active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), although it carries procedural risks. MSC therapies have demonstrated good safety and biological activity, especially when delivered intrathecally (IT) in progressive MS, though clinical results remain variable. Conclusions: NSC-based treatments are still at an early stage of clinical research but show potential for CNS repair. The main limitations across studies include differences in protocols, small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods. Further large-scale, randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm long-term efficacy, define optimal delivery methods, and establish standardised clinical protocols.

Background and Objectives: Periodontal disease, characterized by progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, often results in substantial alveolar bone loss, necessitating regenerative interventions such as guided bone regeneration (GBR). Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) has emerged as a promising biomolecule for periodontal regeneration because of its osteogenic and immunomodulatory properties. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five electronic databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, and EBSCO). Studies examining the use of IGF-2 in periodontal or alveolar bone regeneration, including randomized controlled trials, animal studies, and in vitro experiments, were included. Results: Three studies met the inclusion criteria. In vitro, IGF-2 was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of mesenchymal stem cells, along with upregulation of key osteogenic markers. In animal models, IGF-2 treatment was associated with increased osteogenesis, greater bone volume, and a shift in macrophage polarization toward a less inflammatory phenotype. However, heterogeneity in study designs, protocols, and outcome measures limited direct comparisons. Conclusions: In vitro, IGF-2 was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of mesenchymal stem cells, accompanied by upregulation of key osteogenic markers. In animal models, IGF-2 treatment was associated with increased osteogenesis, greater bone volume, and a shift in macrophage polarization toward a less inflammatory phenotype.

Background and Objectives: Corneal opacity is the fifth global cause of blindness and moderate-to-severe visual impairment due to scar tissue formation. The purpose of this study is to provide an integrated overview of the current state of corneal engineering strategies focused on the comparison with healthy corneas. It aims to identify engineering strategies that would result in functional corneas, providing real alternatives to donor corneal transplants. Materials and Methods: systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and according to the protocol with the ID: CRD420250654641 at the PROSPERO database. The focus question, prompted by considering the shortage of human corneal grafts, was: what is the performance of bioengineered corneal grafts in experimental animal models when compared with healthy eyes in the restoration of corneal anatomy and function? Results: Incorporating human corneal epithelial cells w/ or w/o human corneal stromal stem cells into a gelatin methacrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate matrix emerges as the leading option for epithelial layer regeneration. Human and bovine decellularized corneas, porcine corneal ECM in Gelatin methacrylate, dual layered collagen vitrigel and tissue-engineered human anterior hemi-corneas have shown promise for simultaneous regeneration of the corneal stromal and epithelial layers. Corneal stromal tissue regeneration could be positively impacted by transplantation with grafts derived from aligned self-lifting analogous tissue equivalents and collagen-based hydrogels. Finally, scaffolds of silk fibroin and human purified type I collagen represent promising approaches for corneal endothelial regeneration, though their effectiveness is contingent upon integration with endothelial cells. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the potential of tissue-engineered corneal substitutes as viable therapeutic options for corneal blindness and vision impairment. Assessing the optical and functional properties of the regenerated cornea should be a cornerstone in all studies aiming to evaluate their clinical effectiveness.

Organoids are self-organizing multicellular structures generated in vitro that recapitulate the micro-architecture and function of an organ. They are commonly derived from stem cells but can also emerge from pieces of proliferative tissues. Organoid technology has opened novel ways to model development and disease, but it is not without challenges. Computational models of organoids have been established to elucidate organoid growth and facilitate the optimization of organoid cultures. This article is a systematic review of in silico organoid models constructed at single-cell or subcellular resolution. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for original papers published in peer-reviewed journals before 26 September 2025, yielding 439 records after deduplication. Two independent reviewers screened their titles and abstracts, retrieved 84 papers for full-text scrutiny, and identified 32 papers that met the inclusion criteria. They were grouped by organoid type: 12 intestinal, 1 airway, 2 pancreas, 3 neural, 1 kidney, 1 inner cell mass, 9 tumor, and 3 generic. The analysis of these works revealed that computer simulations guided experimental work. Parsimonious computational models provided insights into diverse organoid behaviors, such as the rotation of airway organoids, size oscillations of pancreatic organoids, epithelial patterning of neural tube organoids, or nephron segment formation in kidney organoids. Generally, a deep understanding was achieved through combined in silico and in vitro investigations (e.g., optic cup morphogenesis). Recent research trends suggest that next-generation computational models of organoids may emerge from a more detailed understanding of the complex regulatory circuits that govern stem cell fate, and machine-learning-based, high-throughput imaging of organoids.

This meta-analysis comprehensively evaluates the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes in rodent models of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), providing preclinical support for future clinical translation.