Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and permanent neurological disabilities worldwide yet neuroprotective or regenerative therapies do not exist. Genetically modified neural stem cells (NSC) could help overcome key limitations of naïve or unmodified NSCs and improve therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate existing preclinical literature using animal models to compare the therapeutic effects of genetically modified NSCs for stroke compared to naïve NSCs or vehicle control.

Bone healing following pathology or surgery is a complex, multiphase process involving coordinated cellular and molecular activities. Various stimulation strategies have been used to enhance bone repair. Recently, stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-a heterogeneous, adipose-derived cell mixture containing pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and adipose-derived stem cells with regenerative, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic properties-has been explored in clinical settings to promote accelerated bone regeneration.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition characterized by primary mechanical trauma followed by secondary neuroinflammation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold promise for SCI repair through their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, including the promotion of anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes. However, the specific mechanisms by which NSCs modulate inflammation in preclinical models remain heterogeneous. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from rodent studies to elucidate these mechanisms and inform translational strategies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to August 2025, using terms related to SCI, inflammation, and NSC transplantation. Preclinical studies involving NSC interventions in rodent SCI models were included if they assessed inflammatory outcomes. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, NSC administration, inflammation markers (e.g., cytokines, macrophage polarization), and functional recovery. Quality assessment followed SYRCLE guidelines, with narrative synthesis due to methodological heterogeneity. Ten studies met inclusion criteria, predominantly using rat or mouse contusion/compression models. NSC transplantation, often with adjuncts like hydrogels or genetic modifications (e.g., Wnt4, E-cadherin), consistently reduced proinflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in 70% of studies (p < 0.05), with three demonstrating shifts toward anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (e.g., increased CD206, arginase-1). Subacute timing enhanced efficacy, correlating with improved locomotor scores (e.g., BBB) and reduced glial scarring. However, 30% reported nonsignificant effects, attributed to chronic models or delivery methods. NSC transplantation modulates SCI inflammation by suppressing proinflammatory pathways and fostering M2 polarization, which facilitates repair. These findings point out the advantages of optimized NSC strategies for clinical translation.

Asherman Syndrome is a refractory gynecological disorder resulting from injury to the endometrium due to various causes. The treatment of choice is hysteroscopic adhesiolysis; however, recurrence rates remain high. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for regenerating damaged endometrium in refractory cases. So, this study aims to assess the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in refractory Asherman syndrome unresponsive to conventional treatment.

This study intends to determine whether exercise-based interventions improve haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and examines how different types of exercise influence this association.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of biologic therapies, which include platelet-rich plasma and cell-based therapies (e.g., adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells), on pain, physical function, and disease progression in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), focusing on studies with a follow-up of at least 12 months. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) posted at some stage in January 2000-May 2025. Eligible research protected the ones in adults with Kellgren-Lawrence grades I-III OA who underwent at least 12 months of follow-up. The bias risk was assessed, and the evidence certainty was evaluated. Random-effects models were used for pooled analyses. Fourteen RCTs were included. Compared with control treatments, biologic therapies significantly reduced pain and improved physical function. Potential structural benefits, including cartilage thickness preservation and favourable biochemical changes, were noted. However, substantial heterogeneity in study design and intervention protocols, along with potential publication bias, reduced the certainty of evidence to a very low level. Biologic therapies may be associated with improvements in pain and physical function at ≥12 months of follow-up, with preliminary indications of structural benefit. Nevertheless, high-quality multicenter RCTs with extended follow-up are warranted.

This systematic literature review analyzed real-world evidence on autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (ndMM) in China.

The evidence considering the potential protective impact of statins on the mortality rate caused by colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. This study aimed to systematically assess the effect of statins on the survival rate of CRC patients.

A distinct subpopulation of tumour cells, known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), plays a critical role in driving poor therapeutic outcomes due to its high proliferative capacity, metastatic potential and resistance to treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising focus of research owing to their stability and ability to modulate tumour biology. However, the role of miRNAs in regulating BCSC characteristics remains insufficiently understood. This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the potential of miRNA-based strategies in targeting BCSCs to suppress their proliferation, metastasis potential, and treatment resistance.

Craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration poses significant clinical challenges due to the anatomical complexity of this region and the inherent limitations of conventional reconstructive techniques. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising alternative in that stem cells harness the capacities of multilineage differentiation and paracrine signaling to enhance tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, the overall clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy remains a subject of debate. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of stem cell therapy in oral and craniofacial bone regeneration. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted in July 2024, identifying 59 eligible prospective studies-including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials and single-arm studies-involving more than five participants each. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for randomized studies and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. The included studies encompassed a broad range of surgical indications, such as alveolar cleft repair, alveolar ridge augmentation, sinus floor augmentation, periodontal defect regeneration, mandibular fracture management, pathological bone defect repair, and temporomandibular joint disorders. Over three-quarters of studies utilized bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and/or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), either alone or combined with biomaterial scaffolds. Across diverse procedures, stem cell therapy was associated with clinical and histological benefits, especially in the quality and maturity of regenerated bone. Meta-analysis showed that the addition of stem cells significantly improved the histologic quality of regenerated bone (p = 0.0446), although this enhancement was not evident in radiographic assessments (p = 0.1094). Additionally, meta-analyses demonstrated that stem cell therapy did not result in significant improvements in periodontal clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (p = 0.0730) or linear bone height (p = 0.1858) and width (p = 0.8323) compared to conventional treatments. Notably, volumetric (3D) radiographic assessments indicated significantly enhanced bone volume regeneration in stem cell-treated groups (p = 0.0218). Overall, stem cell therapy shows promising potential in craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration, but heterogeneity among studies underscores the need for further standardized clinical trials to establish definitive benefits, as well as consistent reporting.

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is shifting from traditional materials toward regenerative strategies that modulate inflammation and stimulate angiogenesis. This review evaluates scaffold-based, scaffold-free, and cell-laden approaches targeting immunomodulatory and angiogenic responses in dental pulp regeneration.

Stem cell-derived and plant-derived exosomes are emerging as promising therapeutic agents in cutaneous repair, regeneration, and rejuvenation. They facilitate wound healing and skin revitalization through multifaceted mechanisms, including immunomodulation, promotion of cellular differentiation, and stimulation of angiogenesis. Additionally, their ability to modulate collagen production and remodeling underscores their potential in addressing skin aging and improving cosmetic outcomes. Consequently, exosome-based therapies show promise for a range of conditions, from challenging wounds and skin aging to pigmentary disorders, hair loss, certain immune-mediated dermatoses. To ensure a comprehensive and unbiased synthesis of the current evidence, this systematic review was conducted following a structured methodology, encompassing a search across multiple major databases over a defined 20-year period. This review systematically outlines the roles and applications of commonly employed plant exosomes and stem cell exosomes in recent years' advancements in skin repair and cosmetic dermatology. By synthesizing the current understanding of their mechanisms and clinical potential, this review aims to highlight viable therapeutic strategies that bridge the gap between medical dermatology and aesthetic medicine.

Personalized therapy in neuro-oncology has traditionally relied on molecular profiling. However, clinical benefit has been scarce to date. Recently, in vitro drug sensitivity testing using patient-derived models-such as organoids and cell lines-has emerged as a promising strategy. We systematically reviewed evidence on the efficacy of in vitro drug screening in predicting treatment outcome for brain tumors, including but not limited to glioblastoma. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Fifteen studies were included, comprising 300 patients overall. Cohort studies built the largest group; only one randomized clinical trial was found. In vitro assays, using patient-derived stem cells, standardized assays ad the ChemoID, or tumor-derived organoids, were able to reliably predict treatment outcome. However, the overall quality of evidence was limited. These models may overcome limitations of molecular profiling, especially in glioblastoma, where driver mutations are often lacking and the molecular profile evolves at recurrence. Although initial results are promising, further validation is needed before clinical implementation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health burden, and Urolithin A (Uro-A) has emerged as a promising anticancer agent. This systematic review aims to synthesize current in vitro evidence on the anticancer effects of Uro-A in CRC, highlighting effective concentration ranges, exposure times, relevant outcomes, and underlying molecular mechanisms.

To support the development of a national guideline on stem cell therapy, the Department of Health Research, India, commissioned this systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various stem cell types in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), focusing on patient-important outcomes.

MSCs are an important component of the TME and play a key role in tumor progression. Based on existing in vitro studies, this research aims to investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the EMT of HNSCC and its related mechanisms.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has made considerable advancements in the treatment of malignant tumors; however, its clinical application continues to face challenges such as low response rates and relapse, which are critical issues requiring urgent resolution. The insufficient functionality of CAR-T cells remains a core factor affecting their clinical efficacy. This article provides a systematic review of various strategies to enhance CAR-T cell functionality, including structural modification and gene editing of chimeric antigen receptor CAR molecules, optimization of manufacturing processes, enhancement of CAR-T cells to counteract the inhibitory tumor immune microenvironment, and combination therapies with other drugs. In terms of optimizing CAR molecules, particularly the development of dual-target CARs, this approach not only effectively prevents antigen escape but also significantly enhances the activation, proliferation, and anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-T cells. Gene editing technology offers new opportunities to improve the persistence, proliferative capacity, and anti-tumor activity of CAR-T cells, thereby enhancing their function and reducing disease relapse. Furthermore, epigenetic regulation augments the adaptability of CAR-T cells, strengthening their anti-tumor effects. Simultaneously, combining CAR-T cell therapy with other immunotherapies provides fresh perspectives for improving overall treatment efficacy. However, challenges remain in areas such as the precision of gene editing, reversibility of epigenetic regulation, and optimization of CAR structures. Future research should focus on refining these strategies and exploring their synergistic applications to maximize the therapeutic potential of CAR-T cell therapy. With ongoing technological advancements, CAR-T cell therapy is poised to achieve groundbreaking applications in a broader range of malignant tumor treatments, offering new hope to patients.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies as compared to the standard of care (SOC) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by malignant transformation of lymphoid precursor cells. ALL prognosis differs considerably, especially between pediatric patients and adult patients, with poor response to therapy in adults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes, are possible cancer biomarkers that predict cancer prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in ALL and extends the findings through ceRNA network and single-cell RNA seq analyses of validated target genes.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a leading contributor to chronic low back pain and global disability. Existing therapies, from conservative management to spinal fusion, do not reverse the underlying molecular degeneration, leaving a critical treatment gap. Given its regenerative capabilities the advent of stem-cell therapy may constitute an ideal solution to fulfill such a therapeutic gap.