Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer, but its significant toxicity renders approximately 30-50% of patient ineligible. Carboplatin is widely used as a substitute; however, its comparative efficacy and safety remain controversial due to fragmented and inconsistent evidence. This meta-analysis aims to compare survival outcomes, response rates, and toxicity profiles between carboplatin- and cisplatin-based regimens.

Pseudoprogression is an atypical response pattern observed during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) that can complicate clinical decision-making. It is characterized by initial radiologic progression followed by subsequent tumor regression or stabilization, with confirmation requiring repeat imaging. We aimed to characterize the clinical and imaging features of confirmed pseudoprogression in solid tumors treated with CPIs using pooled study data.

Acute myeloid leukemia is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal expansion and blockade of myeloid precursor differentiation. This results in poor survival rates, particularly among older patients and those with refractory disease. CD123, the α-chain of the interleukin-3 receptor, is overexpressed in leukemic stem cells and represents a promising therapeutic target.

Advanced cervical cancer (aCC) is associated with a poor prognosis for patients. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits, their effectiveness can be hindered by inherent resistance mechanisms and the onset of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The strategy of combining ICIs with anti-angiogenic agents has gained traction as a potentially effective treatment approach. Nonetheless, there is a notable absence of robust, systematic evidence to confirm the efficacy and safety of this combination specifically for aCC patients.

Menin inhibitors (MI) are promising targeted therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in NPM1-mutated and KMT2A-rearranged disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MI-based therapy in adults with relapsed/refractory AML. A search of six databases through January 2026 identified 14 studies including 784 treated patients. Among response-evaluable cohorts (k = 22; n = 579), the pooled overall response rate (ORR) was 54.6% (95% CI 46.4-62.6; I2=63.5%). The pooled complete response (CR) rate was 29.3%, and CR+CRh was 28.5%. Combination therapy with MI plus hypomethylating agent and venetoclax produced higher CR (43.3% vs 19.5%; p = 0.002) and CR+CRh rates (48.6% vs 25.8%; p = 0.007) than monotherapy. Common adverse events included LFT elevation (38.7%), febrile neutropenia (33.6%), and diarrhea (28.8%). Differentiation syndrome occurred in 14.6%, and treatment-related mortality in 5.0%. MI-based therapy demonstrates meaningful activity in heavily pretreated AML, with deeper responses observed using combination strategies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment with significant improvements in survival rates. With the increase in ICI use in the clinical setting, several case reports and series have described neurological adverse events associated with it. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of neurological adverse events among ICI clinical trials.

Antineoplastic agents exacerbate oxidative stress and trigger inflammatory responses in the testis. Numerous studies have proposed antioxidants as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced damage and improve reproductive outcomes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic value of antioxidants in mitigating chemotherapy-induced male reproductive damage and address knowledge gaps to guide future research efforts. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines using the Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to identify experimental studies published between 2012 and 2025. The search strategy employed the following keywords: "antioxidant" AND "oxidative stress" AND "spermatozoa" AND "testosterone" AND "histopathology" AND ("rat" OR "mice") AND ("chemotherapy" OR "chemotherapeutic" OR "antineoplastic"). The study design was guided by the PICO framework. Data extraction focused on reproductive histopathological changes, testosterone levels, and sperm parameters. A total of 28 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. The majority of findings suggest that antioxidant administration mitigated male reproductive toxicity by improving sperm parameters, testicular histopathology, and testosterone levels; however, a small number of studies reported no significant effects. Additionally, a number of the included studies also presented the beneficial effects of several antioxidants on other endocrine parameters and oxidative stress markers. Current preclinical evidence suggests that antioxidants may mitigate chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity; however, clinical studies are required to clarify their clinical applicability, optimal dosing, and long-term safety.

BCMA- or GPRC5D-directed CD3 bispecific antibodies are important T-cell-redirecting therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We evaluated their efficacy, safety, and certainty of evidence.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the most prevalent malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Its high mortality rate is strongly associated with the development of chemotherapy resistance, making research into resistance mechanisms critical for improving patient outcomes. In recent years, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, has garnered significant attention in tumor resistance research due to its unique regulatory mechanisms. Studies indicate that ferroptosis contributes to OC resistance by modulating pathways including lipid peroxidation, iron metabolism, and antioxidant systems; however, its precise molecular mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Furthermore, the interaction between ferroptosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy agents in OC has emerged as a research hotspot. This systematic review examines the fundamental characteristics of ferroptosis and its potential mechanisms in OC resistance, while exploring therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis-related pathways to reverse drug resistance. By synthesizing existing research advances, this paper aims to provide new theoretical foundations to deepen our understanding of OC resistance mechanisms and to suggest potential directions for developing novel targeted therapeutic approaches.

For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of 50% or higher, programmed cell death 1 protein or PD-L1 (PD-[L]1) inhibitor monotherapy is commonly used as first-line therapy; however, whether adding chemotherapy improves outcomes in this population remains unknown.

Immune-related adverse events disrupt immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and impact quality of life. Peripheral edema is common among patients with cancer, however the causality of peripheral edema can be unclear in the context of multidrug regimens.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been widely adopted in cancer therapy. However, their use is frequently associated with the development of colitis. This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze the knowledge structure and current research trends in immune checkpoint inhibitors induced colitis.

The incidences and specific risk factors for cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) during osimertinib treatment remain uncertain.

Imatinib, the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been widely adopted as frontline therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Growing evidence indicates potential gonadotoxic effects, raising concerns about its long-term impact on male fertility.

This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidates findings from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ICI-TKI) combination therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We also explored prognostic biomarkers and clinical factors to inform treatment strategies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the front-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the comparative efficacy and safety of different ICI-based regimens-and their consistency across etiologic subgroups [HBV, HCV, and non-HBV/non-HCV (NBNC)]-remain uncertain. This study conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the first-line immunotherapy strategies both overall and by viral etiology.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the literature-pooled risk of retinal detachment (RD) following intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are major causes of vision impairment. The ranibizumab port delivery system (PDS; Susvimo) enables sustained intraocular anti-vascular endothelial growth factor delivery and is designed to reduce treatment burden compared with frequent intravitreal injections.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens are the standard first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, their comparative effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice remain incompletely characterised.

This umbrella review summarizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in hematologic malignancies. To our knowledge, this is the first umbrella review to comprehensively evaluate ICIs across multiple hematologic cancers. The goal is to clarify their therapeutic potential, highlight major safety issues, and provide evidence-based guidance for future clinical and research applications.