The role of imaging in initial staging of colon cancer, and in posttreatment restaging or surveillance, is most beneficial in identifying distant metastases in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, regardless of primary T or N stage. Appendiceal cancers are classified separately and managed differently than colon cancer; however, initial staging and postoperative surveillance is also primarily focused on detection of distant metastatic disease, usually in the abdomen and pelvis. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly lethal cancer that often presents with vague and indolent symptoms leading to advanced stage diagnosis. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, assessment of locoregional and metastatic disease, surgical planning, and surveillance after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. This document reviews available imaging modalities that are best used for these clinical scenarios, and a summary of current evidence is provided to support the use of the various modalities in each of the clinical contexts. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.

Advanced breast cancer represents a challenge for patients and physicians due to its dynamic genomic changes, which are associated with resistance to treatments. The main goals of treatment in advanced breast cancer are to improve patient quality of life and to increase patient survival. This is achieved using the most appropriate sequence of treatments based on knowledge of the natural history of the disease. In these guidelines (updated in 2025), we summarize current evidence and available therapies for the medical management of advanced breast cancer.

Background: Developed by members of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) Clinical Affairs Committee, this executive summary of the 2025 ATA guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer provides a summary of key points and recommendations with an emphasis on notable differences between the 2025 and 2015 guidelines. Summary: The updated guidelines emphasize individualized care through the DATA framework (Diagnosis, risk/benefit Assessment, Treatment decisions, and response Assessment) with the goal of enhancing shared decision-making and personalized care. Highlights include expanded role of molecular diagnostics, refined risk stratification, greater emphasis on active surveillance and lobectomy, inclusion of ablative procedures, and selective use of external beam radiation therapy and chemoradiotherapy. De-escalation of surveillance for low-risk patients and introduction of the concept of complete remission are also new. Conclusions: This executive summary aims to provide a summary of key points and recommendations with an emphasis on notable differences between the 2025 and 2015 guidelines.

Innovative therapeutic approaches, including poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), have shown promising results in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), particularly when combined with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARPi). Irrespective of HRR gene mutations, patients benefit from improved radiological progression-free survival and overall survival. The success of PARPi/ARPi combination therapy relies heavily on the effective management of both treatment administration and the associated side-effects. Common haematological side-effects include anaemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, whereas non-haematological reactions - particularly fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and constipation - are also clinically relevant. In addition to basic diagnostics and preventive measures, dose adjustments or temporary discontinuation may be required depending on the severity of the side-effects. For anaemia, the most common side-effect, supportive measures such as blood transfusions may be necessary to ensure optimal patient care. This guide provides uro-oncologists with practical recommendations for daily clinical practice.

Recurrence invariably occurs in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) despite maximal definitive therapy. Currently, there is no standard-of-care salvage treatment approach and re-irradiation is considered an option for select patients. Various radiotherapy fractionation schedules have been investigated, including the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aim of this study was to provide clinical practice recommendations on behalf of the International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) specific to salvage SRS for recurrent-HGG. We define SRS as focal radiation in a single fraction and hypofractionated radiosurgery (HFSRS) as focal radiation delivered over 2-5 fractions.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women in China. According to GLOBOCAN 2022, more than 350,000 new breast cancer cases were diagnosed in China, ranking second among all newly diagnosed cancers in women. Although breast cancer has entered an era of chronic disease management and overall survival has improved substantially, the prognosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unsatisfactory. The genome of MBC is characterized by spatiotemporal heterogeneity and may undergo dynamic evolution. With the continuous identification of actionable alterations, targeted therapies guided by genomic testing have emerged as an important approach to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the implementation of standardized genomic testing in clinical practice has become an urgent priority. While several international and domestic guidelines have recommended genomic testing for MBC, China still lacks detailed technical specifications and clinical pathways tailored to advanced disease in the local healthcare context. Accordingly, it is imperative to establish a guideline for genomic testing in advanced breast cancer that reflects national realities, ensures strong clinical operability, unifies testing standards, and optimizes workflows, thereby expanding access to precision therapy and improving patient prognosis. Against this background, the Breast Cancer Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association convened a multidisciplinary working group experts. Following predefined methodological procedures-including clinical question prioritization, systematic evidence retrieval, graded evaluation, and formulation of recommendations-the guideline was developed. It integrates the latest evidence with multidisciplinary expert consensus, providing specific recommendations on key aspects of genomic testing for MBC, including patient eligibility, specimen selection, testing methodologies, and prioritization of target genes. In addition, the guideline systematically summarizes available targeted therapeutic strategies for different genomic alterations, and provides graded recommendations based on both levels of evidence and drug accessibility, thereby ensuring clarity and facilitating clinical implementation. This guideline is closely aligned with the realities of clinical practice and drug accessibility in China, with a strong emphasis on the feasibility of testing and the actionability of results. It establishes a multidisciplinary consensus on standardized pathways for genomic testing in patients with MBC, aiming to bridge precision diagnostics and individualized targeted therapy, and to provide practical guidance for improving the standardization of advanced breast cancer care nationwide.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent histological subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the paradigm for the management of aggressive lymphoma. An excisional or incisional lymph node biopsy evaluated by an experienced hematopathologist is recommended to establish the diagnosis. Twenty years following its introduction, the combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) remains the standard first-line treatment. No modification of this scheme (increased chemotherapy dose intensity, new monoclonal antibodies, or the addition of immunomodulators or anti-target agents) has significantly improved the clinical outcomes, whereas therapy for recurrence or progression is evolving rapidly. The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor T cells, polatuzumab vedotin, tafasitamab, and cluster of differentiation (CD)20/CD3 bispecific antibodies is changing the natural history of patients with relapsed DLBCL and will challenge R-CHOP as the benchmark for newly diagnosed patients. These updated guidelines (2025) summarize current evidence and available therapies for the medical management of DLBCL.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only identifiable precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Endoscopic surveillance has been proposed for early detection of BE-related neoplasia and reducing EAC mortality. This clinical practice guideline aims to inform clinicians and patients by providing evidence-based practice recommendations for surveillance in patients with BE.

Many patients are diagnosed with benign breast lesions; however, evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for the management of benign breast disease (BBD) are limited.

The diagnosis of T-cell neoplasms remains one of the most challenging areas in hematopathology due to the immunophenotypic heterogeneity and subtle aberrancies often present in these entities. This "Best Practice" manuscript provides a practical framework for laboratories to design, validate, and interpret immunophenotyping studies of immature and mature T-cell neoplasms. We outline the utility of key antigens in the screening and classification of T-cell lymphomas/leukemia including TRBC1 and TRBC2. Analytical strategies using the "difference from normal" method and template-based gating are discussed, along with validation considerations aligned with CLSI H62 guidelines. By integrating these principles into laboratory workflows, this manuscript aims to standardize and improve the assessment of T-cell neoplasms across diverse clinical settings.

T1 colorectal cancer (CRC), defined as tumor invasion confined to the submucosa, has traditionally been managed by surgery. Advances in endoscopic resection techniques, coupled with an improved understanding of tumor biology and risk of lymph node metastasis and recurrence, have expanded our treatment armamentarium for these lesions. The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Practice Update Expert Commentary is to review the definition of T1 CRC, discuss the role of endoscopic resection for these lesions, review factors associated with risk of recurrence and metastasis, and discuss post-resection management, including surveillance or adjuvant surgery. The target audience for this commentary includes primary care, gastroenterology, pathology, and surgical health care professionals.

The Oncology Committee of the French Urology Association (CCAFU) is proposing a 2025 summary of recommendations' changes for the management of prostate cancer (PCa).

The 2025 update of the French guidelines for localized renal cell carcinoma highlights several major advances. Renal biopsy reaffirms its central role in guiding therapeutic decisions and reducing overtreatment, with growing evidence supporting a broader "biopsy-all" strategy. Active surveillance is now established as a safe and effective option for small renal masses, including selected complex cystic lesions, providing oncological outcomes comparable to immediate intervention. Among alternative approaches, stereotactic body radiotherapy has emerged as a credible and well-tolerated treatment for medically inoperable patients. In hereditary syndromes, progress includes improved characterization of BAP1-TPDS-associated RCC and the expanding role of belzutifan in von Hippel-Lindau disease. From an organizational standpoint, the center-volume effect is confirmed, supporting the centralization of renal cancer surgery within authorized, high-volume centers. Novel biomarkers such as KIM-1, urinary glycosaminoglycans, and circulating DNA represent promising tools for postoperative surveillance and personalized treatment planning. In the event of metastatic progression after adjuvant pembrolizumab, enrolment in a clinical trial remains the preferred strategy. For early relapse (during or within six months after adjuvant therapy), TKI monotherapy should be prioritized, whereas recurrence between six and twelve months may justify the reintroduction of immunotherapy. Beyond twelve months after pembrolizumab, standard first-line PD-1-based combinations remain the recommended approach. Finally, for localized or oligometastatic recurrences, local treatments should be considered within a multidisciplinary tumour board.

We present the update of the recommendations of the Société française de radiothérapie oncologique on radiotherapy for hypopharynx. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is the gold standard treatment for hypopharynx cancers. Early T1 and T2 tumours can be treated by exclusive radiation or surgery followed by postoperative radiation in case of high recurrence risk. For locally advanced tumours requiring total pharyngolaryngectomy (T2 or T3) or with significant lymph nodes involvement, they can be treated by chemoradiation or by induction drugs followed by exclusive radiation. For T4 tumour, surgery must be proposed. Different fractionation schedules are possible: for 35 fractions, the curative dose is 70Gy (delivered at 2Gy per fraction) and prophylactic doses are 50 to 56Gy (delivered at 2Gy per fraction in case of sequential radiotherapy or 1.6Gy in case of simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy; for 33 fractions, the curative dose is 69.96Gy (delivered at 2.12Gy per fraction) and the prophylactic dose is 52.8Gy (delivered at 1.6Gy per fraction in simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy or 54Gy in 1.64Gy per fraction); for 30 fractions, curative dose is 66Gy (delivered at 2.2Gy per fraction) and prophylactic dose is 54Gy (delivered at 1.8Gy per fraction in simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy. Doses over 2Gy per fraction can be delivered when chemotherapy is not used regarding potential larynx toxicity. Postoperatively, radiotherapy is used for locally advanced cancer with dose levels based on pathologic criteria, delivering 60 to 66Gy for R1 resection and 57.6 to 60Gy for complete resection in bed tumour; 50 to 66Gy in lymph nodes areas regarding extracapsular spread. Target volume delineation recommendations were based on guidelines cited in this article.

External beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy are major treatments in the management of cervical cancer. For early-stage tumours with local risk factors, brachytherapy is a preoperative option. Postoperative radiotherapy is indicated according to histopathological criteria. For locally advanced tumours, chemoradiation is the standard treatment, followed by brachytherapy boost which is not optional. We present the 2025 update of the recommendations of the Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (the French society of radiation oncology) on the indications and techniques for external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

The first intent upfront treatment of endometrial cancer is surgery. External radiotherapy and brachytherapy, however, are important tools in adjuvant setting, according to histopathological risk factors for locoregional recurrence or in the event of an inoperable tumour. We present the 2025 update of the recommendations of the Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO; French society of radiation oncology) on the indications and technical methods of performing radiotherapy and brachytherapy for endometrial cancer.

Gastric carcinoma ranks tenth in incidence among all cancers in men and women in Germany. 5565 women and 9027 men received a diagnosis of gastric carcinoma in Germany in 2022.

RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1 germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) are associated with increased lifetime risks of tubo-ovarian cancer. Resources for managing RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1 heterozygotes in clinical practice are limited.