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61. Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Persons to Prevent Preterm Delivery: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷13期1286-1292页
Bacterial vaginosis is common and is caused by a disruption of the microbiological environment in the lower genital tract. In the US, reported prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women ranges from 5.8% to 19.3% and is higher in some races/ethnicities. Bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy has been associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes including preterm delivery, early miscarriage, postpartum endometritis, and low birth weight.
62. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷10期970-975页
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common chronic blood-borne pathogen in the US and a leading cause of complications from chronic liver disease. HCV is associated with more deaths than the top 60 other reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. Cases of acute HCV infection have increased approximately 3.8-fold over the last decade because of increasing injection drug use and improved surveillance.
63. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年323卷8期757-763页
Dementia (also known as major neurocognitive disorder) is defined by a significant decline in 1 or more cognitive domains that interferes with a person's independence in daily activities. Dementia affects an estimated 2.4 to 5.5 million individuals in the United States, and its prevalence increases with age.
66. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷22期2211-2218页
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is typically defined as aortic enlargement with a diameter of 3.0 cm or larger. The prevalence of AAA has declined over the past 2 decades among screened men 65 years or older in various European countries. The current prevalence of AAA in the United States is unclear because of the low uptake of screening. Most AAAs are asymptomatic until they rupture. Although the risk for rupture varies greatly by aneurysm size, the associated risk for death with rupture is as high as 81%.
68. Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷12期1188-1194页
Among the general adult population, women (across all ages) have the highest prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, although rates increase with age among both men and women. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is present in an estimated 1% to 6% of premenopausal women and an estimated 2% to 10% of pregnant women and is associated with pyelonephritis, one of the most common nonobstetric reasons for hospitalization in pregnant women. Among pregnant persons, pyelonephritis is associated with perinatal complications including septicemia, respiratory distress, low birth weight, and spontaneous preterm birth.
69. Medication Use to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷9期857-867页
Breast cancer is the most common nonskin cancer among women in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer death. The median age at diagnosis is 62 years, and an estimated 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer at some point in their lifetime. African American women are more likely to die of breast cancer compared with women of other races.
70. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Susan J Curry.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷5期438-444页
Pancreatic cancer is an uncommon cancer with an age-adjusted annual incidence of 12.9 cases per 100 000 person-years. However, the death rate is 11.0 deaths per 100 000 person-years because the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is poor. Although its incidence is low, pancreatic cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Because of the increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer, along with improvements in early detection and treatment of other types of cancer, it is estimated that pancreatic cancer may soon become the second-leading cause of cancer death in the United States.
71. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Susan J Curry.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷22期2203-2213页
An estimated 1.1 million individuals in the United States are currently living with HIV, and more than 700 000 persons have died of AIDS since the first cases were reported in 1981. In 2017, there were 38 281 new diagnoses of HIV infection reported in the United States; 81% of these new diagnoses were among males and 19% were among females. Although treatable, HIV infection has no cure and has significant health consequences.
72. Screening for HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Douglas K Owens.;Karina W Davidson.;Alex H Krist.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Susan J Curry.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷23期2326-2336页
Approximately 1.1 million persons in the United States are currently living with HIV, and more than 700 000 persons have died of AIDS since the first cases were reported in 1981. There were approximately 38 300 new diagnoses of HIV infection in 2017. The estimated prevalence of HIV infection among persons 13 years and older in the United States is 0.4%, and data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show a significant increase in HIV diagnoses starting at age 15 years. An estimated 8700 women living with HIV give birth each year in the United States. HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and breastfeeding. The incidence of perinatal HIV infection in the United States peaked in 1992 and has declined significantly following the implementation of routine prenatal HIV screening and the use of effective therapies and precautions to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
73. Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷15期1502-1509页
Elevated blood lead levels in children are associated with neurologic effects such as behavioral and learning problems, lower IQ, hyperactivity, hearing problems, and impaired growth. In pregnant women, lead exposure can impair organ systems such as the hematopoietic, hepatic, renal, and nervous systems, and increase the risk of preeclampsia and adverse perinatal outcomes. Many of the adverse health effects of lead exposure are irreversible.
75. Patient Blood Management: Recommendations From the 2018 Frankfurt Consensus Conference.
作者: Markus M Mueller.;Hans Van Remoortel.;Patrick Meybohm.;Kari Aranko.;Cécile Aubron.;Reinhard Burger.;Jeffrey L Carson.;Klaus Cichutek.;Emmy De Buck.;Dana Devine.;Dean Fergusson.;Gilles Folléa.;Craig French.;Kathrine P Frey.;Richard Gammon.;Jerrold H Levy.;Michael F Murphy.;Yves Ozier.;Katerina Pavenski.;Cynthia So-Osman.;Pierre Tiberghien.;Jimmy Volmink.;Jonathan H Waters.;Erica M Wood.;Erhard Seifried.; .
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷10期983-997页
Blood transfusion is one of the most frequently used therapies worldwide and is associated with benefits, risks, and costs.
76. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;David C Grossman.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷6期580-587页
Perinatal depression, which is the occurrence of a depressive disorder during pregnancy or following childbirth, affects as many as 1 in 7 women and is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and the postpartum period. It is well established that perinatal depression can result in adverse short- and long-term effects on both the woman and child.
77. Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷4期394-398页
In the United States, the rate of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum was an estimated 0.4 cases per 100 000 live births per year from 2013 to 2017. Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum can cause corneal scarring, ocular perforation, and blindness as early as 24 hours after birth. In the absence of ocular prophylaxis, transmission rates of gonococcal infection from mother to newborn are 30% to 50%.
78. Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷18期1899-1909页
Excessive alcohol use is one of the most common causes of premature mortality in the United States. From 2006 to 2010, an estimated 88 000 alcohol-attributable deaths occurred annually in the United States, caused by both acute conditions (eg, injuries from motor vehicle collisions) and chronic conditions (eg, alcoholic liver disease). Alcohol use during pregnancy is also one of the major preventable causes of birth defects and developmental disabilities.
79. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;David C Grossman.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;Ann Kurth.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷16期1678-1687页
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and abuse of older or vulnerable adults are common in the United States but often remain undetected. In addition to the immediate effects of IPV, such as injury and death, there are other health consequences, many with long-term effects, including development of mental health conditions such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior; sexually transmitted infections; unintended pregnancy; and chronic pain and other disabilities. Long-term negative health effects from elder abuse include death, higher risk of nursing home placement, and adverse psychological consequences.
80. Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Susan J Curry.;Alex H Krist.;Douglas K Owens.;Michael J Barry.;Aaron B Caughey.;Karina W Davidson.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;David C Grossman.;Alex R Kemper.;Martha Kubik.;C Seth Landefeld.;Carol M Mangione.;Maureen G Phipps.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷11期1163-1171页
More than 35% of men and 40% of women in the United States are obese. Obesity is associated with health problems such as increased risk for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, various types of cancer, gallstones, and disability. Obesity is also associated with an increased risk for death, particularly among adults younger than 65 years.
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