To review the evidence relating to the epidemiology of endometrial cancer and its diagnostic workups.

The updated German S3 guidelines "Colorectal Carcinoma" were created as part of the oncology program of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF), German Cancer Society and the German Cancer Aid under the auspices of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Disorders (DGVS) and they replace the previous guidelines from 2013. The main changes in the updated guidelines include the latest recommendations regarding endoscopy and adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapies as well as a complete restructuring of the section regarding therapeutic approach in metastases and in the palliative situation. The present manuscript discusses the importance of the current recommendations for radiological diagnosis and treatment and is intended to enhance the quality of patient information and patient care by widespread distribution. KEY POINTS::   · Radiological recommendations for treating patients with colorectal carcinoma are presented.. · The different possibilities of radiological imaging for diagnosis are documented in detail.. · Radiologists should be acquainted with the different possibilities of oncological intervention in patients with colorectal carcinoma.. CITATION FORMAT: · Vogl TJ, Pereira PL, Schreyer AG et al. Updated S3 Guidelines - Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma: Relevance for Radiological Diagnosis and Intervention. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 298 - 310.

The SIU (Société Internationale d'Urologie)-ICUD (International Consultation on Urologic Diseases) working group on systemic therapy for metastatic bladder cancer has summarized the most recent findings on the aforementioned topic and came to conclusions and recommendations according to the evidence published. In Europe and the United States, treatment for metastatic UC has changed a great deal recently, mainly involving a move from chemotherapy to immune checkpoint blockers. This is particularly true in platinum-refractory disease, where supportive randomized data exist. Five checkpoint blockers have been approved in this setting by the FDA: avelumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab have been approved in Europe.

The new guidelines for managing incidental pulmonary nodules published by the Fleischner Society in 2017 reflect an improved understanding of the risk factors and biologic features of lung cancer. Specific topics emphasized in the updated guidelines include a new threshold size for follow-up, the importance of the morphologic features of nodules, accurate nodule measurements, recognition of subsolid components, understanding interval growth or change in nodule morphology, and knowledge of patient risk factors. The updated guidelines enable greater personal flexibility in the decision-making process and encourage individualized management of pulmonary nodules. These factors may introduce new challenges for radiologists, who previously used solely nodule size to make management recommendations. The authors describe eight scenarios that illustrate the challenges potentially encountered when applying the new guidelines to pulmonary nodule management. ©RSNA, 2018.

The trigeminal nerve (V) is a major route of tumor spread in several head and neck cancers. However, only limited data are currently available for its precise contouring, although this is absolutely necessary in the era of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The purpose of this article is to present practical clinical guidelines for contouring the trigeminal nerve (V) in head and neck cancers at risk of spread along this nerve.

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Bladder Cancer provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. These NCCN Guidelines Insights discuss important updates to the 2018 version of the guidelines, including implications of the 8th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual on treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and incorporating newly approved immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies into treatment options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) has been the standard of care in patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cancer who present with the tumour in place. The CARMENA trial compared systemic therapy alone with CN followed by systemic therapy. This article outlines the new guidelines based on these data. PATIENT SUMMARY: The CARMENA trial demonstrates that immediate cytoreductive nephrectomy should no longer be considered the standard of care in patients diagnosed with intermediate and poor risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma when medical treatment is required. However, the psychological burden poor risk patients experience hearing that removal of their primary tumour will not be beneficial, should be carefully considered.

The NCCN Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening outline various screening modalities as well as recommended screening strategies for individuals at average or increased-risk of developing sporadic CRC. The NCCN panel meets at least annually to review comments from reviewers within their institutions, examine relevant data, and reevaluate and update their recommendations. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize 2018 updates to the NCCN Guidelines, with a primary focus on modalities used to screen individuals at average-risk for CRC.

The advanced prostate cancer therapeutic landscape has changed dramatically in the last several years, resulting in improved overall survival of patients with castration naïve and castration resistant disease. The evolution and development of novel next generation imaging techniques will affect diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. Clinicians must navigate when and which next generation imaging techniques to use and how to adjust treatment strategies based on the results, often in the absence of correlative therapeutic data. Therefore, guidance is needed based on best available information and current clinical experience.

An early single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy (SICI) used immediately after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) can significantly reduce the recurrence rate in selected patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). SICI should be used in patients with low-risk and with selected intermediate-risk tumours, in particular for multiple primary small papillary tumours, single primary papillary tumours >3cm, and single recurrent papillary tumours recurring >1yr after the previous resection. The available data do not support any recommendation to reduce the role of SICI in patients after fluorescence cystoscopy-guided TURB or en bloc TURB. SICI can even provide some benefit in patients with intermediate-risk tumours subsequently treated with further instillations. During instillation, contraindications should be taken into account and safety measures should be applied. PATIENT SUMMARY: An early single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy immediately after transurethral resection of the bladder can significantly reduce the recurrence rate in selected patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. It should be used in patients with low-risk and selected intermediate-risk tumours.

The therapeutic management of malignant colorectal polyp with endoscopic resection is mainly based on specific histopathological criteria. The quality of these criteria is strongly linked to the management of the endoscopic specimen. The French Pathology Society drafted a standardized pathological report with guidelines for the macroscopic management of the endoscopic specimen and explanatory notes for each histopathological criteria. These guidelines are based on the TNM AJCC/UICC classification, 8th edition and the WHO 2010 classification of colorectal tumors, the recommendations of the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy, the synthesis of the literature and on international consensus for prognostic criteria. The pathological report of a malignant colorectal polyp must clearly mention: the histological type and the size of the polyp, the pT stage and the following five prognostic criteria: the value of the resection margins, the level of tumor invasion into the submucosa, the grade of the tumor, the absence or presence of vascular emboli and of tumor budding.

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Rectal Cancer address diagnosis, staging, surgical management, perioperative treatment, management of recurrent and metastatic disease, disease surveillance, and survivorship in patients with rectal cancer. This portion of the guidelines focuses on the management of localized disease, which involves careful patient selection for curative-intent treatment options that sequence multimodality therapy usually comprised of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection.

The NCCN Guidelines for Anal Carcinoma provide recommendations for the management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal or perianal region. Primary treatment of anal cancer usually includes chemoradiation, although certain lesions can be treated with margin-negative local excision alone. Disease surveillance is recommended for all patients with anal carcinoma because additional curative-intent treatment is possible. A multidisciplinary approach including physicians from gastroenterology, medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and radiology is essential for optimal patient care.