Poor diet quality is a leading risk factor for cardiometabolic disease (ie, diabetes and diseases associated with metabolism and inflammation), which is present in about half of American adults. Support has grown for incorporating the provision of healthy food as a complement to or a component of clinical care. Such "Food Is Medicine" programs provide free or subsidized healthy food directly to patients in close coordination with the health care system. In this review, we systematically examined published randomized controlled trials examining Food Is Medicine programs in the United States, categorizing them into different stages of development using the National Institutes of Health Model for Behavioral Intervention Development. This review identified a total of 14 randomized controlled trials of Food Is Medicine interventions in the United States with noncommunicable disease outcomes, more than one-third of which were early-stage smaller-scale trials (stage 1 randomized controlled trials). Broad variations in populations enrolled; intervention design, duration, and intensity; and outcomes precluded many direct comparisons between studies. Randomized controlled trial data were generally consistent with findings in the observational literature, indicating that common Food Is Medicine approaches often positively influence diet quality and food security, which are theorized to be key mediators for clinical outcomes. However, the impact on clinical outcomes was inconsistent and often failed to reach statistical significance. These observations highlight the need for larger, higher-quality Food Is Medicine studies focusing on the measurement of clinical outcomes within well-designed programs and the need for additional randomized controlled trials that more systematically map out the relationship between participation in different types of Food Is Medicine programs and health outcomes.

Genome-wide association studies have clustered candidate genes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) into biological pathways reflecting different pathophysiological mechanisms. We investigated whether these pathways associate with distinct intermediate phenotypes and confer differing risks of cardioembolic stroke.

Clinical factors discriminate incident atrial fibrillation (AF) risk with moderate accuracy, with only modest improvement after incorporation of polygenic risk scores. Whether emerging large-scale proteomic profiling can augment AF risk estimation is unknown.

The BE ACTIVE trial (Behavioral Economic Approaches to Increase Physical Activity Among Patients with Elevated Risk for Cardiovascular Disease) documented the effectiveness, compared with an attention control arm that received daily text messages, of gamification, financial incentives, or gamification+financial incentives to increase steps/day. Increases in daily step count are associated with longer life expectancy, but understanding the cost-effectiveness of these interventions is essential for payers and other stakeholders seeking to implement findings.

Penetrance and risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) are increasingly recognized as being genotype specific. Therefore, genotype-informed family screening protocols may lead to safer and more personalized recommendations than the current one-size-fits-all screening recommendations. We aimed to develop a safe, evidence-based plakophilin-2 (PKP2)-specific longitudinal screening algorithm.

One-time atrial fibrillation (AF) screening trials in older adults have produced mixed results. In a secondary analysis of the VITAL-AF trial, we aimed to identify a subset of people in whom such screening is effective, using effect-based and risk-based approaches.

As cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of noncancer mortality in colorectal or gastric cancer patients, it is essential to identify patients at increased CVD risk. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an established predictor of atherosclerotic CVD; however, its application is limited in this population. This study evaluates the association between automated CAC scoring using chest computed tomography and atherosclerotic CVD risk in colorectal or gastric cancer patients.